REEF 

POINT 

GARDENS 

LIBRARY 


The  Gift  of  Beatrix  Farrand 

to  the  General  Library 
University  of  California,  Berkeley 


FLORA  * 


OF 


MOUNT  DESEET  ISLAND,  MAINE. 


flora  of  jttoimt  Dessert 


A 

PRELIMINARY  CATALOGUE 

OF   THE 

PLANTS  GROWING  ON  MOUNT  DESERT 

AND  THE  ADJACENT  ISLANDS. 
BY 

EDWARD  L.  ^RAND  AND  JOHN  H.  REDFIELD. 


itfy  a  Geological  ^Introduction 

BY  WILLIAM  MORRIS  DAVIS, 
AND    A   NEW    MAP  OF    MOUNT   DESERT   ISLAND. 


CAMBRIDGE: 
JOHN    WILSON    AND    SON. 

itg  Press. 
1894. 


ldd'1 

LANDSCAPE 

ARCHITECTURE 


R3 


CONTENTS. 


PAQB 

PREFACE    7 

GENERAL   OUTLINE   OF   PLAN  OF   CATALOGUE. 

I.    INDIGENOUS  PLANTS 13 

II.    INTRODUCED  PLANTS 13 

III.  SYNONYMS 14 

IV.  ARRANGEMENT  AND  NOMENCLATURE 14 

V.    CITATION  OF  AUTHORS 15 

VI.    FORMS 15 

VII.    TERMS  DENOTING  RELATIVE  OCCURRENCE  ....  16 

VIII.    PLANTS  NOT  REPRESENTED  IN  THE  HERBARIUM       .  16 

IX.    ABBREVIATIONS 17 

X.    GEOGRAPHICAL  NOMENCLATURE 17 

INTRODUCTION. 

I.    MOUNT  DESERT  AND  ITS  FLORA 19 

II.    THE  MAP  OF  MOUNT  DESERT  ISLAND 28 

List  of  Corrections 31 

III.    BOTANICAL  NOMENCLATURE  OF  THE  CATALOGUE  .    .  32 

OUTLINE  OF   THE  GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

INTRODUCTION 43 

THE  GRANITE  BELT 46 

THE  PRE-GRANITIC  ROCKS 51 

THE  POST-GRANITIC  ROCKS 55 

THE  GREAT  DENUDATION 56 

THE  GLACIAL  INVASION 63 

POSTGLACIAL  HISTORY  .  67 


441 


6  CONTENTS. 

FLORA:   CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS. 

PHANEROGAMIA,   OR  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 

DlCOTYLEDONES,  OK  EXOGENOUS  PLANTS 75 

ANGIOSPERME.E  :  POLYPETAL.E 75 

GAMOPETAL.E 107 

APETAL^E 139 

GYMNOSPERME^E 149 

MONOCOTYLEDONES,  OR  ENDOGENOUS  PLANTS 150 

CRYPTOGAMIA,   OR  FLOWERLESS  PLANTS. 

PTERIDOPHYTA 184 

BRYOPHYTA 190 

Musci 190 

HEPATIC^E 219 

THALLOPHYTA 227 

CHARACE^E 227 

ALG^E 227 

LICHENES 250 

SUMMARY 275 

APPENDIX.  —  LIST  OF  EXCLUDED  SPECIES.  277 


INDEX    ....         .    ,  ,    ,    281 


P  E  E  F  A  C  E. 


THE  territory  covered  by  this  Catalogue  of  Plants 
comprises  the  Island  of  Mount  Desert  and  the  ad- 
joining islands,  the  more  important  of  which  are  the 
Cranberry  Isles,  Bartlett  Island,  Thompson  Island,  and  the 
Porcupine  Islands.  The  Duck  Islands,  lying  some  miles 
seaward  southerly  from  the  Cranberry  Isles,  are  also  in- 
cluded for  convenience,  although  having  no  close  con- 
nection geographically  with  the  rest  of  the  territory. 
Politically  it  comprises  the  towns  of  Eden,  Mount  Desert, 
Tremont,  Cranberry  Isles,  a  small  part  of  Trenton,  and  a 
part  of  Long  Island  Plantation,  in  which  the  Duck  Isl- 
ands are  included.  All  of  this  territory,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Duck  Islands,  is  shown  on  the  map  that 
has  been  prepared  to  accompany  this  Catalogue. 

In  1880  the  Champlain  Society,  an  association  of  college 
students  formed  for  the  purpose  of  field  work  and  study 
in  various  branches  of  natural  science,  established  its 
camp  on  the  shores  of  Somes  Sound  at  Wasgatt  Cove, 
Mount  Desert  Island.  This  Catalogue  of  Plants  repre- 
sents the  final  results  of  work  begun  by  its  botanical 
department,  while  the  introductory  article  on  the  Ge- 
ology of  Mount  Desert  represents  the  work  of  its  geo- 
logical department.  Two  years  later  one  of  the  authors, 
John  H.  Redfield,  began  independent  investigation  of 


8  PREFACE. 

the  Island  flora.  In  1888  the  Champlain  Society  allowed 
its  botanical  work  to  pass  into  the  hands  of  the  other 
author,  Edward  L.  Rand,  who,  however,  had  been  con- 
nected with  the  work  from  its  beginning.  Soon  after- 
wards the  authors  consolidated  the  results  of  all  the 
botanical  work  on  the  Island,  so  far  as  they  were  able, 
and  henceforth  carried  on  the  work  together,  with  such 
assistance  as  could  be  procured  from  other  botanists. 
Although  more  or  less  incomplete,  and  somewhat  hastily 
prepared,  this  Catalogue  is  now  presented,  at  the  request 
of  many  interested  in  the  subject,  as  a  preliminary  con- 
tribution to  a  Flora  of  Mount  Desert  Island.  This  is 
done  with  the  hope  that  it  may  serve  as  a  means  of  excit- 
ing interest  in  the  undertaking,  and  thus  make  possible 
a  more  complete  catalogue  in  the  near  future. 

So  far  as  the  study  of  its  flora  is  concerned,  Mount  De- 
sert has  no  history.  We  are  told  by  the  early  explorers 
that  wild  roses  and  beach  peas  were  abundant,  and  that 
is  all.  No  botanists  native  to  the  Island  —  if  any  there 
were  or  are  —  have  given  us  information  as  to  its  plants. 
All  such  information  has  come  from  such  botanists  as  have 
chanced  to  go  there  from  a  distance,  usually  during  the 
summer  months  only.  Even  of  these  the  known  list  is 
not  long,  and  only  few  antedate  the  beginning  of  syste- 
matic work  in  1880.  It  has,  furthermore,  been  extremely 
difficult  to  discover  the  names  of  these  botanists,  and  to 
consult  their  notes  and  collections,  although  the  authors 
have  endeavored  in  many  ways  to  accomplish  this.  The 
result  naturally  has  been  far  from  satisfactory.  In  spite 
of  all  these  discouragements,  however,  the  work  on  the 
Flora  has  been  carried  on  with  perseverance.  It  is  now 
hoped  that  from  the  very  fact  of  the  publication  of  pres- 
ent results  help  may  be  obtained  for  the  future  that  other- 


PREFACE.  9 

wise  would  have  been  locked  up  in  the  herbaria  and 
note-books  of  unknown  workers  in  the  same  territory. 

Specimens  of  every  plant  in  this  list,  with  very  few 
exceptions,  will  be  found  preserved  in  the  Mount  Desert 
Herbarium,  at  present  kept  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  These 
exceptions,  most  of  which  are  either  Algas  or  Lichens, 
are  denoted  by  an  asterisk  prefixed  to  the  name  of  the 
species.  For  specimens  of  plants  thus  marked,  as  well  as 
for  other  plants  from  collectors  now  unrepresented,  we 
shall  be  most  grateful.1  The  Philadelphia  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  furthermore,  has  an  almost  complete 
duplicate  set  of  the  Phanerogams  and  Pteridophy ta ;  and 
Dr.  Carl  Warnstorf  of  Neuruppin,  Germany,  has  a  dupli- 
cate set  of  the  Sphagna.  Duplicates  from  the  Herbarium 
have  also  been  distributed  among  various  public  and  pri- 
vate herbaria  of  the  country. 

Much  care  has  been  taken  to  make  the  Catalogue  reli- 
able. Very  few  plants  have  been  admitted  to  the  list 
except  on  the  authority  of  an  undoubted  specimen,  and  in 
every  case  of  exception  only  on  a  positive  affirmation  by  a 
specialist  or  other  botanist  of  high  repute  as  to  the 
authenticity  and  identity  of  the  lost  specimen.  More- 
over, we  have  had  the  kind  assistance  of  many  of  the 
leading  botanists  of  the  country  in  the  determination  of 
specimens  in  difficult  families  and  genera,  and  in  cases 
of  doubtful  determination,  as  well  as  in  the  criticism  and 
correction  of  our  manuscript.  Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey  has 
given  his  help  in  Carex  and  Rubus ;  Mr.  M.  S.  Bebb,  in 
Salix;  Prof.  William  Trelease,  in  Rumex  and  Epilobium; 
Dr.  Thomas  C.  Porter,  in  Solidago,  Aster,  and  Mentha; 

1  Any  correspondence  relating  to  the  Flora  may  be  addressed  to  Edward 
L.  Rand,  740  Exchange  Building,  Boston,  Mass.,  or  to  John  H.  Redfield,  216 
West  Logan  Square,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 


10  PREFACE. 

Mr.  John  K.  Small,  in  Polygonum;  Prof.  F.  Lamson 
Scribner,  in  Gramineas ;  Dr.  L.  M.  Underwood,  in  Isoetes 
and  in  Hepaticae;  Mr.  George  E.  Davenport,  in  Filices; 
Dr.  T.  F.  Allen,  in  Characese;  Messrs.  Frank  S.  Collins 
and  Isaac  Holden,  in  Algae ;  Dr.  Carl  Warnstorf,  Prof.  D. 
C.  Eaton,  and  Mr.  Edwin  Faxon,  in  Sphagnum;  Mrs. 
E.  G.  Britton  and  Dr.  Charles  R.  Barnes,  in  the  other 
Mosses;  Dr.  J.  W.  Eckfeldt,  Miss  Mary  L.  Wilson,  and 
Miss  Clara  E.  Cummings,  in  Lichenes;  and  Dr.  B.  L. 
Robinson,  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton,  Dr.  Thomas  Morong,  Mr. 
Walter  Deane,  and  Mr.  M.  L.  Fernald,  in  various  other 
determinations.  The  article  on  the  Geology  of  Mount 
Desert  has  been  kindly  contributed  by  Prof.  William  M. 
Davis,  of  Harvard  College.  To  these  and  to  all  others 
who  have  done  so  much  to  add  to  the  value  and  accuracy 
of  this  Catalogue,  to  the  various  collectors  whose  names 
appear  therein,  and  to  President  Charles  W.  Eliot  of 
Harvard  University,  through  whose  interest  and  kindness 
the  publication  of  our  work  has  been  made  possible,  we 
extend  our  sincere  thanks. 

Acknowledging,  as  we  have  at  the  outset,  the  incom- 
pleteness of  this  Catalogue  in  many  of  its  divisions,  we 
issue  it  at  the  present  time  to  assist  those  interested  in 
the  plants  of  the  Island  to  the  acquirement  of  a  better 
knowledge  of  its  flora.  With  this  end  in  view,  therefore, 
it  has  seemed  well  to  include,  for  the  benefit  of  specialists, 
even  manifestly  incomplete  lists  of  some  of  the  Crypto- 
gams. The  list  of  Vascular  Cryptogams  (Pteridophyta), 
the  Ferns  and  their  allies,  is  fairly  complete ;  the  lists  of 
Mosses  and  Liverworts  are  well  advancing  towards  com- 
pletion, and  the  same  is  true  of  the  lists  of  Lichens  and  of 
the  marine  Algae.  Very  little  work,  however,  has  been 
done  thus  far  in  the  collection  and  determination  of  the 


PREFACE.  11 

fresh-water  Algae  and  the  Fungi,  and  it  has  seemed  better 
for  the  present  to  omit  the  latter  altogether  from  this 
Catalogue.  It  is  hoped  that  in  the  near  future  more 
attention  may  be  given  to  increasing  in  a  marked  degree 
our  knowledge  of  this  part  of  the  Island  flora. 

July  1st,  1894. 


GENERAL  OUTLINE  OF  THE  PLAN  OF  THE 
CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS. 


I.  THE  names  of  plants  supposed  to  be  indigenous  to  North 
America  are  printed  in  heavy  broad-face  type.      "  Indigenous  " 
is  but  a  relative  term,  and  can  hardly  be  employed  with  any 
accuracy,  even  in  its  commonly  accepted  sense,  in  connection 
with  the  flora  of  a  comparatively  small   territory,   without   a 
very  definite  knowledge  of  the  facts  of  local  plant  introduction 
and  distribution.     A  list  of  Mount  Desert  plants  pretending 
to  show  the  plants  "  indigenous  "  to  the  Island  would  contain 
mere  guesswork  in  many  cases,  and  would  only  lead  to  much 
confusion.     It  has  therefore  been  thought  better  to  draw  the 
distinction   between   plants    indigenous   to  the  continent  and 
those  evidently  foreign  to  it,  and  to  add  such  notes  as  may 
seem  of  value  relating  to  the  introduction  within  our  territorial 
limits,  on  the  one  hand,  of  North  American  species,  and,  on  the 
other,  of  species  from  other  continents. 

II.  The   names   of    plants   believed   to  be   introduced  into 
North  America  are   printed   in  small   capitals.     It   is   to   be 
understood  that  in  nearly  every  case  such  plants  have  been, 
so   far   as   known,   indirectly    introduced   through   other   parts 
of  this  continent  into  Mount   Desert  Island.     There   is   very 
little  of  that  evidence  of  direct  introduction  of  any  of  these 
plants   which    is    so   common   about    seaports   where   there    is 
direct  communication  with    foreign   countries.     This   class  of 
plants  includes  both  those  that  are  fully  naturalized  and  those 
which  as  yet  are  only  adventive  or  well  established    garden 
escapes.     For  reasons  already  given,  it  will  be  seen  that  there 
are  no  ballast  plants  to  be  catalogued. 


14  PLAN  OF  THE  CATALOGUE. 

III.  Synonyms  are  printed  in  Italics. 

IV.  The  principle  underlying  the  arrangement  and  nomen- 
clature of  the  Catalogue  is  a  very  simple  one,  more  practical 
than  theoretical.     It  is  this:    to  follow  in  these  respects  some 
manual  or  other  work   of   high   authority,    regardless  of   any 
fancy  or  preference  of  the  authors.     It  seems  hardly  necessary 
to  state  to  any  one  of  practical  experience,  that  the  office  of  a 
local  Flora,  or  of  any  similar  work  designed  fully  as  much  for 
the  public  generally  as  for  scientists,  is  not  to  serve  as  a  nomen- 
clator,  or  to  present  an  opportunity  for  the  author  to  display  his 
fads  to  his  own  satisfaction  and  the  confusion  of  the  reader, 
but   rather   to   be   a  help   and   an  aid  to  a  better  knowledge 
of    the  plants  of  any  given  region.     Unless  descriptions  are 
added,  so  that  such  a  catalogue  is  in  reality  a  manual  in  itself, 
reference  must  be  made  to  some  well  known  work  or  handbook. 
Such  being  the  case,   the  authors   have  felt  obliged  to  adopt 
some  such  standard  as  a  guide  aud  basis  for  the  arrangement 
and  nomenclature  of  the  Catalogue,1  giving  only  such  synonyms 
as  in  their  judgment  may  serve  some  useful  purpose  of  identifi- 
cation or  of  information,  and  making  such  corrections  only  as 
do  not  interfere  with  the  system  of  the  guide  adopted. 

In  nomenclature  and  arrangement,  the  sixth  (revised)  edition 
of  Graj'-'s  Manual  by  Watson  and  Coulter  is  followed  for  the 
Phanerogams  (Flowering  Plants)  ;  for  the  Pteridophyta  (Vascu- 
lar Cryptogams),  and  for  the  Hepaticae.  Dr.  Carl  Warnstorf  s 
articles  on  the  North  American  Sphagna,  in  Vol.  XV.  (1890) 
of  the  Botanical  Gazette,  are  mainly  followed  for  Sphagnum; 
while  Lesquereux  and  James's  " Mosses  of  North  America"  is 
followed  for  the  remainder  of  the  Mosses.  Tuckerman's  works 
are  followed  as  far  as  possible  for  the  Lichens,  and  Farlow's 
" Marine  Algae  of  New  England,"  with  some  marked  changes 

1  As,  however,  the  subject  of  botanical  nomenclature  has  been  given 
undue  prominence  of  late  by  some  of  our  American  botanists  among  others, 
it  has  seemed  better  to  the  authors  to  discuss  this  subject  at  more  length  in 
the  Introduction.  Had  this  not  been  done,  it  might  be  asked  why  the 
rules  of  the  so  called  Rochester  and  Madison  Codes  were  not  followed 
as  a  standard,  —  an  intentional  omission  for  which  there  is  more  than  ample 
justification. 


PLAN  OF  THE  CATALOGUE.  15 

in  classification,  arrangement,  and  nomenclature,  for  the  marine 
Algse.1  In  every  case  where  descriptions  of  genera  or  species 
found  at  Mount  Desert  do  not  appear  for  any  reason  in  these 
works,  the  authors  have  tried  to  give  them  in  the  Catalogue, 
hoping  thereby  to  render  unnecessary  any  reference  to  works  or 
articles  not  readily  accessible.  It  is  believed  that  our  plan  has 
been  adopted  throughout  with  some  slight  exceptions,  most  of 
which  need  no  explanation. 

V.  It  has,  however,  been  thought  well  to  adopt  throughout 
the  Catalogue  the  parenthetical  citation   of    the   original   au- 
thor of  the  specific  or  varietal  name,  a  method  already  long 
adopted   by  cryptogamic    botanists.     Thus  Coptis  trifolia,  the 
common  Goldthread,  was  described  in  1753  by  Linnaeus  under 
the  name  of  Helleborus  trifolius.     In  1798,  Salisbury  consid- 
ered that  the  plant  showed  well  marked  generic  differences,  and 
assigned  it  to  a  new  genus,   Coptis.     Our  plant  therefore  bears 
the  binomial,  Coptis  trifolia  (L.),  Salisb.     It  must  be  borne  in 
mind,  however,  that  the  author   cited  in  parentheses   is  cited 
only  for  the  specific  or  the  varietal   name  in  the  binominal,  as 
the  case  may  be,  and  is  connected  with  that  alone,  and  not  with 
the   binominal    itself.     To   the   binominal,    the   name   of   the 
author  not  cited  in  parenthesis  alone  applies.     If   these   dis- 
tinctions be  remembered,    many  of   the   objections   that   have 
been  so  forcibly  urged  against  this  method  of  citation  seem  to 
lose  their  weight. 

VI.  The  term    "form" — forma  —  has   been   used  for  the 
sake  of   convenience  to  indicate  slight   physiological  or  struc- 
tural variations  seeming  of  hardly  enough  importance  to  mark 
a  good  variety,  much  less   a  species,  and  yet  worthy  of  some 
notice,  perhaps  of  future  study.     Allowance  once  rightly  made 
for  variation  in  nature,  it  becomes  a  very  complex  and  difficult 
matter   to   decide   what    is    a   species,  what  a  variety,  what  a 
form,  what  a  variation.     Without  discussion  of  the  subject,  it 
may  be  said  that  it  has  seemed  best  to  recognize  as  forms  sub- 
stantially the  same  variations  that  are  indicated  by  Dr.  IS".  L. 

1  See  introductory  note  to  the  list  of  Algae  for  a  fuller  statement  of  the 
plan  adopted. 


16  PLAN  OF  THE  CATALOGUE. 

Britton  in  his  article  "On  the  Naming  of  ' Forms'  in  the 
New  Jersey  Catalogue." l  It  is  not  thought  well,  however,  to 
attach  the  name  of  any  author  to  these  so  called  forms,  as  the 
line  between  a  form  and  a  mere  variation  is  generally  too 
shadowy  to  call  for  the  exercise  of  any  judgment  worthy  of 
recognition  in  the  decision  that  one  variation  or  another  should 
be  dignified  by  the  term  forma.  Forms  should  bear  names  for 
the  sake  of  convenience,  and  if  properly  named;  that  name 
should  be  preserved  to  avoid  confusion,  if  the  form  proves  after 
investigation  to  be  a  well  defined  variety.  In  such  a  case,  how- 
ever, to  cite  the  author  of  the  name  in  parentheses  seems  to 
savor  more  of  affectation  than  of  common  sense  or  utility,  and 
if  so,  why  mention  the  author  of  a  form  at  all?  A  line  must 
be  drawn  somewhere  to  check  the  increasing  tendency  to  self- 
glorification  that  can  at  present  be  so  easily  gratified  on  the 
part  of  the  amateur  as  well  as  of  the  professional  botanist.  In 
this  Catalogue,  therefore,  as  has  been  stated,  no  authors  are 
cited  for  the  names  of  mere  forms.  Should,  however,  any  one 
desire  to  know  them,  a  goodly  number  may  be  found  in  Dr. 
Britton's  article  just  referred  to. 

VII.  The  usual  terms  common,  uncommon,  frequent,  infre- 
quent, occasional,  rare,   etc.,   are  used  to  denote  the  relative 
occurrence  of  the   different   plants.     It  must  be  remembered, 
however,  that  these  terms  apply  only  to  a  plant  in  its  proper 
habitat.     Because  a  seashore  plant  is  "common,"  no  one  should 
expect  to  find  it  on  the  mountains!     Where  few  stations  are 
given  for  any  plant,  it  does  not  necessarily  follow  that  it  does 
not  occur  elsewhere.     New  stations  are  likely  to  be  reported 
at  any  time  for  nearly  all  such  plants.     It  merely  indicates, 
therefore,   that   thus   far   collectors   have   not   been   successful 
in   detecting  any  very  general    distribution   of   the   plant   in 
question. 

VIII.  An  asterisk  prefixed  to  names  of  plants  indicates  that 
a  specimen  of  the  plant  in  question  is  not  to  be  found  in  the 
Mount   Desert    Herbarium  at  the   present  time,   although  the 
occurrence   of  the   plant   within   the   territorial   limits  is  un- 
doubted. 

i  See  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xvii.  121. 


PLAN  OF  THE  CATALOGUE.  17 

IX.  The  abbreviations   used  for  names  of  authors  will  be 
found  in  Gray's  Manual,  Gray's  Structural  Botany,  or  in  Brit- 
ton's  Catalogue  of    New  Jersey  Plants.     Other  abbreviations 
either  require  no  explanation,  or  may  be  found  in  any  manual 
or  text-book.     The  abbreviation  "  R.  &  B,., "  as  may  be  readily 
supposed,  refers  to  the  authors  of  this  Catalogue. 

X,  The  geographical  nomenclature  follows  that  of  the  map 
of  Mount  Desert  Island  published  in  June,  1893,  to  accompany 
this  work.     Its  nomenclature  is  based  on  certain  universal  and 
well  recognized  laws  of  nomenclature,  among  the  chief  of  which 
are  the  regard  for  priority,  for  firmly  established  custom,  for 
good  taste,  and  for  avoidance  of  unnecessary  confusion.     The 
rules  adopted  by  the  U.  S.  Board  on  Geographic  Names  have 
been  followed  as  far  as  possible  as  to  form,  in  order  to  secure 
conformity  with  the  Coast    Survey  Charts    and   other  govern- 
ment publications.     Of  the  changes  caused  by  these  rules,  the 
only  one  that  is  likely  to  be  commonly  noticed  is  the  avoid- 
ance of  the  possessive  whenever  this  can  be  done  without  de- 
stroying the  euphony  of  the  name  or  changing  the  descriptive 
application.     In  applying  this  rule,  therefore,  the  possessive  s 
has  been  retained  only  where  it  appeared  to  be  necessary  for 
euphony  or  to  avoid  misunderstanding,  usually  where  the  name 
is  a  Christian  name,  and  sometimes  where  for  special  reasons  or 
on  account  of  peculiar  usage  it   seemed   impracticable   to   do 
otherwise.     In   all  cases,   however,   where  the  possessive  s  is 
retained,  the  possessive  apostrophe  has  been  dropped,  since  the 
word  should  no  longer  be  considered  as  possessive  in  sense,  but 
as  a  word  in  itself. 


INTRODUCTION. 


I.     MOUNT  DESERT  AND  ITS  FLORA. 

MOUNT  DESERT  ISLAND,  called  by  the  Indians 
PEMETIC,  lies  about  one  hundred  and  ten  miles 
east  of  Portland,  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  and  less  than  half 
that  distance  from  Rockland  on  the  western  shore  of 
Penobscot  Bay.  Its  coast  is  washed  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
on  the  south,  by  Blue  Hill  Bay  and  its  tributaries  on  the 
west,  and  by  Frenchman  Bay  and  its  tributaries  on  the  east 
and  north.  On  the  northwest  Mt.  Desert  Narrows,  a  shallow 
strait  connecting  the  waters  of  these  two  bays,  is  crossed 
by  means  of  two  bridges,  connecting  Thompson  Island  with 
the  mainland  on  the  north,  and  with  Mt.  Desert  Island 
on  the  south.  The  area  of  the  Island  may  be  estimated 
at  about  one  hundred  square  miles;  its  greatest  length 
being  about  fifteen  miles,  from  Hadley  Point  in  Eden  on 
the  north  to  Bass  Harbor  Head  in  Tremont  on  the  south ; 
its  greatest  breadth,  about  twelve  miles,  from  Great 
Head  in  Eden  on  the  east  to  The  Cape  in  Tremont  on 
the  west.  The  coast  line,  especially  of  the  southern  and 
western  shores,  is  extremely  irregular.  Up  the  centre  of 
the  Island  for  fully  half  its  length  from  north  to  south, 
through  the  mountain  range,  passes  the  fiord  of  Somes 
Sound  (or  "  The  River  "),  a  deep  arm  of  the  sea,  dividing 
the  Island  into  two  almost  equal  sections.  Across  the 


20  INTRODUCTION. 

centre  from  Western  Mt.  on  the  west  to  Newport  Mt.  on 
the  east  stretches  the  granitic  range  of  mountains  that 
has  given  Mt.  Desert  its  name,  rising  almost  from  the 
sea  to  heights  varying  from  about  three  hundred  to  over 
fifteen  hundred  feet.  Towards  the  north  the  ground  slopes 
to  the  farming  lands  of  Eden  and  the  great  meadow  of 
the  Northeast  Creek,  and  towards  the  southwest  to  the 
meadows  of  Marsh  Creek,  to  Great  Heath  and  the  boggy 
wilderness  below  the  Hio.  Between  the  peaks  of  the 
granitic  range  lie  deep  valleys,  filled  either  by  an  arm  of 
the  sea,  as  Somes  Sound,  or  by  a  lake  or  pond  of  more  or 
less  magnitude.  These  are  mountain  ponds  for  the 
most  part,  many  of  them  of  great  depth,  with  rocky 
shores  broken  by  stretches  of  sand  or  gravel  beaches. 
None  of  the  streams  are  of  much  size,  and  the  regularity 
even  of  their  natural  flow  has  been  greatly  diminished  by 
the  wanton  destruction  of  the  woods  about  their  water 
sheds.1 

All  of  these  facts,  however,  are  much  better  explained 
by  the  map  itself,  and  by  the  article  on  the  geology  of 
the  Island  by  Professor  Davis,  kindly  contributed  by 
him  for  this  very  purpose.  It  is  better,  therefore,  in  this 
place  to  make  no  more  than  the  most  general  statements 
in  regard  to  the  topography.  Neither  is  it  well  to  attempt 
any  detailed  description  of  the  flora  in  its  relations  to 
these  physical  and  geological  characteristics,  for  as  yet 
the  evidence  seems  too  fragmentary  and  disconnected  to 
prove  facts  of  much  value.  A  few  brief  statements  of  a 
very  general  nature,  illustrated  by  a  few  examples,  may 
however  be  of  interest  to  the  botanist. 

One  of  the  most  marked  characteristics  of  the  Isl- 
and flora  is  its  not  only  strongly  northern,  but  arctic 

1  See  "  The  Woods  of  Mt.  Desert  Island,"  Garden  and  Forest,  II.  483. 


INTRODUCTION.  21 

character.1  On  its  coast,  enveloped  in  cold  fogs  and 
washed  by  waters  chilled  by  the  arctic  currrent,  it  is 
no  wonder  that  arctic  plants  like  Montia  fontana  and 
Stellaria  humifusa  should  find  a  congenial  home.  More- 
over, this  character  of  the  flora  is  shown  by  the  fact  that, 
with  one  exception,  Lycopodium  Selago,  the  mountain 
plants  descend  to  the  sea  level.  Neither  on  the  one  hand 
is  the  altitude  of  the  mountain  summits  sufficient  to 
develop  an  alpine  flora,  nor  on  the  other  hand  is  the 
warmth  and  general  character  of  the  lowlands  sufficient 
to  bring  many  of  the  plants  of  the  middle  temperate  region 
thus  far  up  the  coast  of  Maine.  The  flora,  then,  may  be 
said  to  be  essentially  Canadian,  having  close  relations 
with  the  very  similar  flora  of  New  Brunswick.  It  also 
shows,  apart  from  its  maritime  character,  many  points  of 
resemblance  to  the  general  flora  of  the  White  Mountain 
region.  It  is  in  its  special  problems,  however,  that 
plant  distribution  becomes  of  great  interest  at  Mt.  Desert, 
and  it  may  be  well,  therefore,  to  consider  a  few  cases  by 
way  of  illustration. 

The  return  of  vegetable  life  after  the  glacial  period 
must  have  taken  place  along  somewhat  more  contracted 
lines  than  are  shown  to-day.  Mt.  Desert  was  then,  as 
now,  isolated  from  the  mainland,  but  was  without  doubt 
in  a  state  of  greater  submergence.  It  is  therefore  natural 
that  there  should  exist  in  abundance  on  the  mainland 
many  plants  that  are  not  found  at  all  on  the  Island,  or 
are  found  there  only  very  rarely.  The  water  on  the 
north  of  the  Island  is  not  of  great  extent  or  depth  at 
present,  yet  it  appears  that  some  plants,  especially  those 
with  seeds  not  easily  transported  by  ordinary  means,  have 

1  About  two  hundred  and  thirty  of  the  flowering  plants  of  Mt.  Desert 
are  common  to  the  arctic  flora. 


22  INTRODUCTION. 

always  found  difficulty  in  crossing  it  from  the  mainland. 
This  difficulty  has  had  its  effect  in  decreasing  the  Island 
flora. 

Again,  in  the  development  of  their  flora  the  Cranberry 
Isles  have  shown  some  peculiarities.  These  islands,  once 
doubtless  a  part  of  Mt.  Desert,  and  through  it  connected 
with  the  mainland,  were  later  submerged,  and  then  ele- 
vated again  to  develop  their  flora  independently  of  Mt. 
Desert,  except  so  far  as  the  flora  of  the  smaller  area 
came  from  that  of  the  greater,  then  doubtless  more 
advanced  in  the  renewal  of  its  vegetation,  owing  to 
its  greater  altitude  and  consequent  earlier  elevation. 
That  there  was  some  independent  development  is  well 
shown  by  the  fact  that  between  the  Cranberry  Isles  and 
the  adjacent  portion  of  Mt.  Desert  about  the  Sea  Wall 
there  exist  some  remarkable  differences  in  the  flora,  as 
well  as  some  strong  points  of  union.  Under  almost  pre- 
cisely the  same  conditions,  we  find  Corema  near  the  Sea 
Wall,  but  not  on  the  Cranberry  Isles ;  we  find  Montia, 
Stellaria  humifusa,  and  Rubus  Chamcemorus  on  the  Cran- 
berry Isles,  but  not  on  Mt.  Desert ;  we  find  Symplocarpus 
foetidus  and  Hippuris  vulgaris  on  the  Cranberry  Isles  and 
also  on  Mt.  Desert,  but  at  the  Sea  Wall  alone.  Such 
evidence  as  this  may  point  to  the  introduction  of  certain 
plants  on  Mt.  Desert  by  way  of  the  Cranberry  Isles,  while 
on  the  other  hand  doubtless  most  of  the  plants  of  the 
Cranberry  Isles  came  from  Mt.  Desert. 

It  is  certainly  far  from  improbable  that  the  more 
northern  plants  came  to  the  Cranberry  Isles  by  sea,  either 
from  the  north  in  later  times,  or  from  the  south  when 
these  islands  first  appeared  above  the  sea  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  glacial  period.  If  from  the  north,  there  would  be 
little  opportunity  for  colonization  on  the  rocky  eastern  and 


INTRODUCTION.  23 

southeastern  coasts  of  Mt.  Desert,  — an  opportunity,  how- 
ever, which  would  readily  be  presented  on  the  low  shores, 
and  in  the  coast  marshes  and  lagoons  of  the  Cranberry 
Isles.  Yet  it  would  seem  improbable  that  all  these  plants 
reached  the  Cranberry  Isles  only.  Montia  has  been  found 
also  on  the  Duck  Islands,  and  might  likewise,  and  as 
readily,  be  carried  by  ocean  currents  farther  on,  at  least  to 
the  westward  adjoining  shores  of  Mt.  Desert.  There  in 
the  southwestern  part  of  the  Island  similar  conditions 
existed  for  the  colonization  of  these  plants  as  on  the  Cran- 
berry Isles,  yet  in  fact  they  do  not  appear,  so  far  as  known. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  they  came  from  the  south,  remain- 
ing behind  in  the  progress  of  plant  life  northward  after 
the  glacial  period,  and  finding  here  favorable  surroundings 
for  their  existence,  all  the  more  we  should  expect  to  find 
these  plants  also  in  the  southwestern  projection  of  Mt. 
Desert  Island.  Here  the  land  would  be  reached  earlier 
in  the  northward  march,  and  would  be  found  to  present 
the  same  conditions  of  soil  and  of  general  physical  char- 
acter as  the  Cranberry  Isles.  As,  however,  none  of  these 
peculiar  plants  except  Symplocarpus  and  Hippuris  appear 
even  on  this  part  of  Mt.  Desert,  the  evidence  at  present 
seems  in  favor  of  a  later  migration  from  the  north,  rather 
than  of  the  much  earlier  introduction  from  the  south. 
The  whole  subject  is  one  of  great  interest,  and  will  repay 
careful  study. 

Another  interesting  feature  of  the  Mt.  Desert  flora  is 
shown  by  the  comparatively  small  representation  of  in- 
troduced foreign  plants,  especially  of  weeds  of  cultivated 
ground.  Excluding  garden  escapes  and  a  few  plants 
naturalized  by  intentional  introduction,  we  find  that  the 
number  of  weeds  is  very  small  in  comparison  with  that 
of  similar  areas  in  New  England.  The  reason  is  a  very 


24  INTRODUCTION. 

simple  one,  — the  slight  development  of  the  Island  for 
agricultural  purposes,  —  an  explanation  that  is  fully  sus- 
tained by  the  facts. 

In  earlier  times  very  little  attention  was  paid  to  farm- 
ing, doubtless  because  the  physical  character  of  the  Island 
is  not  of  a  nature  favoring  agriculture  except  under 
limited  or  somewhat  expensive  conditions.  The  surface 
is  mostly  mountainous  or  rocky,  the  soil  is  usually  thin 
and  poor,  and  has  often  disappeared  as  a  covering,  —  a 
result  of  reckless  wood  cutting  and  of  the  consequent 
forest  fires.  Taken  as  a  whole,  the  north  of  tiie  Island 
contains  the  best  farming  land;  the  south,  for  the  most 
part,  is  too  near  the  dominant  granitic  range  to  furnish 
deep  soil  or  level  ground  save  under  exceptional  condi- 
tions. Moreover,  under  these  unfavorable  conditions 
there  was  nothing  to  encourage  farming  as  a  means  of 
support,  for  there  was  no  market  for  garden  products. 
It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  that  fishing,  lumbering,  ship- 
building, and  other  pursuits,  were  the  more  profitable 
employments  of  the  early  settlers.  All  agricultural 
operations  were  conducted  on  a  very  limited  scale,  and 
for  the  most  part  involved  nothing  more  than  the  cultiva- 
tion of  small  vegetable  patches  for  home  purposes.  These 
patches  were  seldom  well  cared  for,  and  were  rarely  culti- 
vated in  the  same  spot  for  more  than  a  year  at  a  time. 
Of  late  years,  however,  it  has  been  found  profitable  by 
many  landowners  to  raise  vegetables  to  supply  the  sum- 
mer demand  at  Bar  Harbor  and  the  other  summer  resorts 
of  the  Island.  Consequently  there  has  been  more  sys- 
tematic cultivation  of  the  ground  both  for  agricultural 
and  for  horticultural  purposes. 

In  the   earlier  days  of  the  settlement  of  the  Island, 
therefore,  we  should  expect  to  find  few  of  those  weeds  that 


INTRODUCTION.  25 

constantly  need  the  aid  of  man  to  secure  and  maintain  a 
foothold.  Such  is  the  case.  The  weeds  of  those  days 
were  obliged  to  adapt  themselves  to  the  most  hostile 
conditions.  If  they  could  not  do  this,  they  lingered  on 
year  by  year  wherever  they  could  maintain  a  foothold, 
and  then  almost  disappeared  from  the  flora  of  the  Island. 
Consequently  these  weeds  were  largely  of  native  origin, 
and  not  many  in  number. 

But  within  a  few  years  a  new  state  of  things  has  arisen. 
Not  only  have  the  old  weeds  been  gaining  a  stronger  and 
stronger  foothold,  but  additions  to  the  list  are  reported 
every  year,  chiefly  at  Bar  Harbor  or  in  its  neighborhood, 
whence  they  spread  to  other  parts  of  the  Island.  Only  a 
few  years  ago  such  common  weeds  as  Portulaca  oleracea, 
Amarantus  retroflexus  and  A.  albus,  Medicago  lupulina, 
Lepidium  Virginicum,  Mollugo  verticillata,  and  Plantago 
lanceolata  were  either  unknown  or  so  rare  that  it  was  diffi- 
cult even  to  secure  specimens  of  them.  They  are  now 
becoming  more  and  more  common,  and  appearing  slowly 
but  surely  throughout  Mt.  Desert.  Some  of  these  obtain 
their  foothold  through  cultivation  of  the  soil,  and  all  seem 
to  come,  as  many  people  do,  because  it  is  the  fashion, 
taking  advantage  of  the  increased  means  of  introduction 
afforded  by  the  importation  of  foreign  seed,  of  foreign 
soil  with  other  plants,  of  hay,  and  of  the  various  other 
methods  by  which  weeds  travel  about  from  place  to  place. 

This  explanation,  it  is  hoped,  will  show  why  so  many 
of  the  common  weeds  find  no  place  in  this  Catalogue.  It 
also  shows  that  at  any  time  such  additions  to  the  flora 
are  likely  to  be  reported  by  any  botanist  who  happens  to 
examine  the  waste  and  cultivated  grounds  and  the  way- 
sides of  the  constantly  growing  villages  and  settlements. 
Of  these  newcomers  it  will  be  well  to  ascertain  and  note 
carefully  the  date  of  introduction. 


26  INTRODUCTION. 

It  is  interesting  also  to  notice  what  does  not  appear,  as 
well  as  what  does  appear  in  this  Catalogue.  It  was  once 
said,  indeed,  that  the  flora  of  Mt.  Desert  was  more 
remarkable  for  what  it  did  not  include  than  for  what  it 
did,  —  a  statement  that  our  present  knowledge  of  the 
flora  hardly  seems  to  justify  Yet  there  are  many  impor- 
tant gaps  in  the  Catalogue  that  it  is  hard  to  account  for  in 
any  satisfactory  manner.  It  can  only  be  said  that  for 
some  reason  or  other  these  missing  plants  do  not  occur  on 
this  part  of  the  coast,  or,  in  cases  where  they  do  occur  on 
the  adjacent  mainland,  that  they  never  were  able  to  cross 
the  water  to  Mt.  Desert  Island.  It  is  certain  that  the 
latitude  is  not  the  cause,  for  these  plants  are  found  much 
farther  north.  Doubtless  the  cold  east  winds  and  the  sea 
fogs  may  have  driven  back  many  plants  trying  to  effect  a 
lodgment  here ;  but  in  that  case  there  should  be  a  marked 
difference  between  the  flora  of  the  exposed  southern  and 
eastern  coasts,  and  that  of  the  northwestern,  central,  and 
northern  parts  of  the  Island.  A  study  of  the  Catalogue 
will  show  that  there  is  some  such  difference,  but  not  so 
marked,  we  think,  that  it  can  be  relied  on  as  evidence  to 
any  very  great  extent.  It  proves,  however,  that  no  one 
can  be  well  acquainted  with  the  flora  until  he  has  studied 
carefully  the  plants  of  the  country  lying  north  of  the  main 
granitic  belt,  as  well  as  those  of  the  better  known  and 
more  frequented  parts  of  the  Island. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  mention  some  cases  of  these 
missing  plants.  The  Pulse  Family,  Leguminosce,  will  fur- 
nish a  striking  instance.  The  Catalogue  shows  that  the 
Island  flora  contains  only  eighteen  species,  representing 
eight  genera,  obviously  a  very  insufficient  representation 
when  we  consider  that  shown  by  many  points  farther  north 
with  otherwise  much  the  same  flora.  Of  these  species,  ten 


INTRODUCTION.  27 

are  naturalized  on  this  continent  from  Europe;  two  are 
introduced  from  other  parts  of  North  America ;  two  more, 
as  appears  from  circumstantial  evidence,  may  also  have 
been  so  introduced;  leaving  only  four  species  that  are 
indigenous  in  the  common  sense.  This  would  seem  to 
prove  that  at  Mt.  Desert  there  was  some  obstacle  besides 
climate  which  leguminous  plants  found  it  difficult  to 
surmount.  That  it  is  not  some  hostile  condition  at  the 
present  time  appears  from  the  fact  that  when  northern 
species  of  this  family  are  introduced  on  the  Island  they 
flourish  as  well  there  as  elsewhere. 

Further  instances  are  the  genera  Asclepias  and  Gen- 
tiana,  and  many  others,  —of  which  no  representative 
whatever  is  found,  —  and  a  number  of  species  belonging 
to  different  genera,  which  are  found  northward  on  the 
mainland,  but  not  on  Mt.  Desert.  It  may  be  that  some 
day  many  of  these  missing  plants  will  reach  the  Island, 
but  at  present  their  absence  seems  as  unmistakable  as 
it  is  unaccountable. 

For  its  disappointments,  however,  the  flora  makes  am- 
ple compensation.  For  so  limited  and  circumscribed  an 
area  our  territory  possesses  many  plants  interesting  to 
any  lover  of  our  New  England  flora,  and  has  contributed 
some  forms  that  are  of  interest  to  the  general  botanist  as 
well.  Even  its  most  common  flowers  take  new  and  unex- 
pected deepness  of  color  from  the  cool  sea  air,  and  are  a 
constant  delight  both  to  botanist  and  mere  flower-lover. 
Our  work  has  been  a  labor  of  love,  the  fruit  of  happy  days, 
and  the  source  of  pleasant  memories.  If  this  Catalogue 
proves  a  help  to  those  for  whom  it  is  intended,  and  en- 
ables them  to  share  the  pleasure  we  have  gained  on  this 
wonderful  island  of  Mt.  Desert,  we  shall  be  more  than 
satisfied. 


28  INTRODUCTION. 


II.     THE  MAP  OP  MOUNT  DESERT  ISLAND. 

SOME  years  ago  it  became  very  evident  that  there  was 
to  be  great  difficulty  in  properly  indicating  stations  for 
the  various  Island  plants  needing  such  limitation.  While 
it  was  necessary  in  some  cases  to  make  the  station  some- 
what indefinite  in  description  in  order  to  guard  against 
extermination  on  the  one  hand  by  the  flower-puller  and 
the  plant-digger,  and  on  the  other  by  the  over-zealous 
botanist,  yet  it  was  necessary  in  all  cases  to  give  a  name 
to  the  station  that  should  be  both  accurate  and  well 
known  as  a  matter  of  geographical  nomenclature.  To 
some  it  may  seem  that  this  involved  merely  a  reference 
to  any  map  of  the  Island  to  ascertain  the  necessary 
information,  but  this  was  a  solution  of  only  a  portion  of 
the  difficulty.  In  the  first  place  the  two  maps  most 
readily  consulted,  the  Land  Map  of  Colby  and  Stuart  and 
the  Coast  Survey  Map,  pay  very  little  attention  to  the 
names  of  the  points  of  minor  interest  on  the  Island.  As 
such  points  are  often  of  the  greatest  botanical  interest, 
and  must  be  referred  to,  it  was  clear  that  the  present 
maps  would  not  be  of  much  assistance  in  these  cases.  In 
the  second  place,  the  geographical  nomenclature  employed 
on  the  Coast  Survey  Map,  and  followed  in  some  degree 
on  the  Land  Map,  is  often,  we  regret  to  say,  absolutely 
erroneous.  In  many  a  case,  indeed,  there  is  no  explana- 
tion whatever  to  account  for  the  blunders,  except  that  the 
officers  in  charge  of  the  work  must  have  coined  names  for 
their  own  use,  regardless  or  in  ignorance  of  the  fact  that 
there  might  be  names  already  attached  to  the  places  in 
question.  In  other  cases,  by  some  curious  mistake,  names 
have  been  carelessly  transposed  and  interchanged.  The 


INTRODUCTION.  29 

natural  result  of  all  these  errors  was  to  establish  two 
sets  of  names,  one  known  to  those  acquainted  only  with 
the  maps,  the  other  to  those  who  either  lived  on  the 
Island,  or  knew  the  Island  independently  of  map  knowl- 
edge. Furthermore,  the  matter  of  nomenclature  was 
much  complicated  by  the  insufferable  tendency  of  sum- 
mer visitors  to  give  new  names,  often  showing  the  worst 
possible  taste,  to  any  natural  feature  that  might  happen 
to  attract  their  attention.  Such  names  deserve  preser- 
vation only  in  rare  cases,  and  should  not  be  tolerated 
for  a  moment  unless  by  lapse  of  time  or  by  custom  the 
new  name  has  fairly  superseded  the  old  for  all  practical 
purposes. 

To  remedy  these  evils,  and  to  secure  a  standard  for 
citation  in  our  Catalogue,  it  was  decided  to  make  as  thor- 
ough an  investigation  of  the  geographical  nomenclature 
of  the  Island  as  possible,  to  adopt  a  system  of  correct 
nomenclature,  and  finally  to  prepare  a  map  that  should 
set  forth  the  results  of  our  work.  For  over  three  years 
this  investigation  was  carried  on,  until,  in  June,  1893,  the 
map  was  published.  If  we  may  judge  by  what  we  have 
heard  ourselves,  or  by  what  has  been  reported  to  us  by 
others,  very  little  fault  is  found  with  the  nomenclature 
adopted.  It  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  where  the  nomen- 
clature of  our  map  differs  from  that  of  the  Coast  Survey 
it  is  to  be  explained  on  one  of  two  grounds:  either 
because  the  Coast  Survey  attached  a  name  to  the  wrong 
locality,  or  because  it  coined  a  name  or  substituted  one 
of  no  authority  to  replace  a  name  well  known  and  in 
common  use  upon  the  Island.  A  very  striking  instance 
of  the  error  last  mentioned  is  found  in  the  unauthorized 
use  of  Turtle  Lake  for  Bubble  Pond,  or  for  the  oldest 
name  of  all,  now  obsolete,  Southeast  Pond. 


30  INTRODUCTION. 

The  preparation  of  this  map  made  necessary  much  cor- 
respondence and  much  careful  investigation  of  ancient 
maps,  plans,  and  records.  Such  an  undertaking  could 
never  have  been  brought  to  a  successful  conclusion  had 
it  not  been  for  the  kindly  interest  shown  and  the  invalu- 
able assistance  given  by  natives  of  the  Island  who  knew 
and  loved  it  well.  Among  these  helpers,  many  of  whom  we 
regret  to  say  we  hardly  know  by  name,  but  whose  assistance, 
by  whatever  means  it  reached  us,  we  value  highly,  we  wish 
to  give  our  especial  thanks  to  the  Rev.  Oliver  H.  Fernald ; 
to  Mr.  Eben  M.  Hamor,  of  Eden ;  to  Messrs.  T.  S.  Somes, 
George  A.  Somes,  Thomas  Bartlett,  and  A.  C.  Savage,  of 
Mt.  Desert;  to  Messrs.  W.  W.  A.  Heath  and  C.  M.  Hoi- 
den,  of  Tremont;  and  to  Mr.  P.  C.  Stover,  of  Cranberry 
Isles ;  all  of  whom  by  inquiry,  by  personal  investigation, 
and  by  advice  and  criticism  have  done  so  much  to  give 
the  map  its  accuracy  and  merit.  To  Mr.  Fernald,  born 
and  brought  up  on  the  Island,  and  still  retaining  in  his 
residence  in  another  part  of  the  State  his  love  for  his 
native  place  and  his  interest  in  its  affairs,  we  owe  the  in- 
spiration of  this  undertaking,  and  to  his  encouragement 
and  assistance  its  final  accomplishment. 

By  the  kind  permission  of  Prof.  Thomas  C.  Mendenhall, 
Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Coast  Survey,  we 
have  used  the  Coast  Survey  Map  for  the  important  physical 
features,  making  here  and  there  a  few  corrections,  and 
supplying  a  few  omissions.  We  wish  here  to  express 
our  appreciation  of  his  courtesy,  which  has  enabled  us 
to  give  a  much  better  map  to  the  public.  New  roads, 
the  town  boundaries,  and  additional  wood  roads  and  paths 
have  been  added,  the  different  post-offices  indicated,  and 
such  points  of  interest  named  as  it  seemed  would  make 
a  map  not  only  suitable  for  our  purpose,  but  of  value 


INTRODUCTION.  31 

to  any  one  interested  in  the  Island.  The  general  rules 
followed  in  regard  to  nomenclature  have  already  been 
explained  in  the  Preface.1 

It  could  not  have  been  expected  that  our  map  would  be 
either  complete  or  entirely  free  from  error.  Since  its 
publication,  therefore,  effort  has  been  made  to  discover 
omissions  and  mistakes,  in  the  hope  that  some  time  in  the 
future  we  can  make  any  corrections  that  may  be  found 
necessary.  We  wish  at  present  to  call  attention  to  the 
following  list  of  the  more  important  errors  and  omis- 
sions thus  far  discovered. 

(1)  The  town  boundary  between  Mt.  Desert  and  Tremont 
in  the  territory  lying  between  Somes  Sound   and   Great 
Pond  should  begin  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Great  Pond  at 
the  point  shown  on  the  map,  and  should  run  in  a  straight 
line  in  a  southeasterly  direction  to  a  point  on  the  shore 
of  Valley  Cove  nearly  opposite  the  word  "  Eagle  "  on  the 
map.     This  shows  the  true  boundary  some  distance  to  the 
north  of  the  boundary  shown  on  the  map. 

(2)  At  the  Quarries   on  the  western  shore  of   Somes 
Sound  a  post-office  should  be  added,  "Halls  Quarry  P.  0." 

(3)  The  name  Western  Hio,  north  of  Bass  Harbor,  it 
seems,  should  be  applied  to  the  southern  end  of  Norwood 
Ridge.     Where  the  name  now  stands  on  the  map,  Burnt 
Mt.  should  be  substituted. 

(4)  Black  Point  on  Great  Cranberry  Isle  may  have  to  be 
changed  to  Flaggs  Point. 

(5)  The  small  brook  at  Bar  Harbor,  flowing   into  the 

1  It  may  be  interesting  to  note  the  use  of  the  word  "  heath  "  on  the  Island. 
It  is  used  to  denote  a  large  unwooded  bog  or  swamp,  usually  a  sphagnum 
bog,  very  wet,  and  exceedingly  difficult  to  cross.  Many  of  these  heaths 
contain  small  ponds  or  spring  holes,  and  in  the  wetter  parts  are  floating  bogs 
more  or  less  dangerous  and  treacherous  to  any  one  venturing  upon  them. 


32  INTRODUCTION. 

cove   opposite   the   southwestern   end   of  Bar  Island,  is 
known  as  Eddys  Brook. 

(6)  The  point  next  northwest  of  Cape  Levi  is  known  as 
Parker  Point. 

(7)  The  brook  rising  east  of  Town  Hill,    and  flowing 
into  the  South  Branch  of   Northeast  Creek  is  known  as 
Aunt  Betsys  Brook. 

(8)  The   brook   flowing  westward   into   Clark   Cove  is 
known  as  Meadow  Brook. 

(9)  The   marsh  by  the  Salt  Pond  on  Thomas  Bay  is 
known  as  Jones  Marsh. 

(10)  Denning   Walk   at  the    Quarries   on  the  western 
shore  of  Somes  Sound  lies  farther  to  the  eastward,  between 
the   road  and  the   shore,  and   the   position  of  the  name 
should  be  changed  accordingly. 

(11)  The  course  of  Sunken  Heath  Brook  is  shown  incor- 
rectly between  Sunken  Heath  and  the  road.    It  should  flow 
directly  south  from  the  Heath  to  the  road,  not  as  shown 
on  the  map.     The  remainder  of   its  course,  however,  is 
correctly  shown. 

(12)  The  name  Saul  Cliff,  on  the  shore  south  of  Bar 
Harbor,  should  be  Sols  Cliff. 

We  should  be  very  glad  to  receive  from  any  one  other 
information  that  will  serve  to  make  the  map  more  perfect 
and  useful  to  those  interested  in  the  Island. 

III.    NOMENCLATURE  OF  THE  CATALOGUE. 

As  was  stated  in  the  Preface,  it  seems  well  to  the 
authors  to  state  more  at  length  the  reasons  why  they 
think  it  advisable  to  follow  as  a  standard  for  this  cata- 
logue the  nomenclature  of  the  sixth  edition  of  Gray's 
Manual  (so  far  as  it  covers  the  ground),  rather  than  that 


INTRODUCTION.  33 

of  the  so  called  Rochester  and  Madison  Codes,  adopted 
in  1892  and  1893  by  the  Botanical  Club  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 

At  the  outset  it  should  again  be  stated  that  we  believe 
the  nomenclature  and  arrangement  of  a  local  Flora  should 
follow  that  of  some  well  known  or  authoritative  work  or 
system.  If,  on  the  one  hand,  the  system  followed  is  not 
well  known,  the  catalogue  will  not  be  of  much  use  to  many 
for  whom  it  was  intended ;  if,  on  the  other  hand,  the  sys- 
tem does  not  emanate  from  some  respected  authority,  it  is 
folly  to  attempt  to  force  it  on  any  intelligent  person. 
The  main  question  for  an  author  or  compiler  to  consider 
clearly  seems  to  be,  What  standard  can  be  followed  that 
will  be  most  intelligible  and  most  useful  to  those  for 
whom  it  is  intended,  —  to  the  plant  lover  of  slight  botan- 
ical knowledge,  as  well  as  to  the  professional  botanist  of 
thorough  training?  In  making  the  decision  the  author 
need  not  necessarily  follow  his  own  personal  inclinations, 
—  in  fact  it  is  not  right  or  expedient  for  him  to  do  so  if 
clearness  and  usefulness  must  be  sacrificed  thereby,  —  his 
duty  is  to  help,  not  to  hinder  his  public,  and  to  yield  his 
personal  preference  for  the  good  of  others.  If  he  wishes 
to  express  his  personal  opinions  and  convictions  he  can 
do  this  at  pleasure  through  many  appropriate  channels; 
he  may  speak  thus  whenever  he  will.  The  public  cares 
very  little  for  the  personal  convictions  and  peculiar  the- 
ories of  its  servants  if  unintelligible  and  practically 
useless.  It  does  demand,  however,  that  the  servant 
should  do  his  duty,  and  serve  the  good  of  the  master,  not 
any  private  or  selfish  purpose  of  his  own.  It  is  hard  to 
see  how  the  contrary  can  be  maintained. 

It  being  granted,  therefore,  that  we  must  not  necessarily 
set  out  our  own  personal  opinions,  but  must  make  our 


34  INTRODUCTION. 

catalogue  useful  and  intelligible,  in  duty  to  all  who  con- 
sult it,  we  had  to  consider  what  well  recognized  standard 
we  could  follow.  The  choice  appeared  to  lie  between 
Gray's  Manual,  mainly  the  work  of  our  greatest  botanist, 
and  the  principles  now  embodied  in  their  strictest  form  in 
the  Rochester  Code  and  extended  in  the  Madison  Code. 
The  chief  of  these  principles  one  of  us  had  studied  for 
years,  and  the  other  had  put  to  practical  use,  as  a  test  of 
their  real  value.  Moreover,  we  both  felt  that  the  priority 
of  the  specific  name  should  on  sound  analogies  be  main- 
tained, in  opposition  to  the  well  known  rule  of  Dr.  Gray 
that  the  first  specific  name  in  the  right  genus  should 
prevail.  Nevertheless,  as  a  result  of  our  deliberation  we 
have  decided  that  a  local  Flora  at  this  time  without  ques- 
tion must  follow  Gray's  Manual,  whether  or  not  its  authors 
agree  entirely  with  the  nomenclature  of  that  work ;  that 
to  follow  strictly  the  system  dictated  by  the  Rochester 
Code  is  utterly  impracticable  and  unwise,  for  it  is  neither 
consistent  in  theory  nor  sound  in  practice.  This  conclu- 
sion has  been  reached  after  long  judicial  consideration  of 
the  arguments  for  and  against  the  system  of  the  Rochester 
Code,  whether  practical  or  theoretical  in  nature,  and  with 
an  earnest  desire  to  approve  any  really  beneficial  altera- 
tions in  the  commonly  accepted  system  of  botanical  nomen- 
clature. We  regret,  therefore,  that  the  Code,  as  a  whole, 
must  be  condemned  for  the  evil  that  is  in  it,  and  that  the 
good  it  contains  cannot  be  utilized  in  its  present  form. 
As  it  stands,  it  seems  the  work  of  botanists  whose  vision 
is  bounded  by  the  book-shelves  of  the  library  and  by  the 
herbarium  walls  rather  than  of  botanists  possessing  that 
added  knowledge  and  grasp  of  affairs  that  is  so  indis- 
pensable to  a  correct  solution  of  difficulties  in  such  a 
practical  matter  as  that  of  botanical  nomenclature. 


INTRODUCTION.  35 

The  mental  attitude  of  the  supporters  of  the  Rochester 
Code  seems  at  first  somewhat  difficult  to  explain.  If  we 
abandon  for  a  theory  of  our  own  well  known  and  estab- 
lished principles  sanctioned  by  the  greatest  authorities 
and  the  soundest  analogies,  we  must  justify  our  action. 
We  have  not  yet  seen  any  such  justification  of  this  Code. 
It  seems  that  the  explanation  must  lie  in  the  fact  that  its 
supporters  cannot  appreciate  that  they  have  a  case  to 
prove,  and  that  the  burden  of  proof  rests  on  them  alone. 
If  they  act  in  contravention  of  fundamental  principles 
and  of  the  authority  and  consensus  of  the  greatest  bota- 
nists, they  must  prove  to  the  satisfaction  of  an  intelligent 
man  that  they  are  acting  rightly.  Even  granting  that 
the  Code  is  proved  of  utility,  the  rule  still  applies  to  every 
change  they  seek  to  make.  In  fact,  however,  they  assume 
the  contrary,  and  are  open  to  the  gravest  criticism  for 
constantly  leaning  in  favor  of  change,  and  of  blindly 
following  what  is  apparently  their  guiding  principle,  — 
Quieta  movere.  Where  doubt  exists,  the  old  and  accepted 
name  or  identification  should  be  preferred  in  every  case 
to  the  new  and  unproved.  We  know  no  reason  why 
botanists  should  be  exempt  from  following  such  funda- 
mental rules.  If  the  Code  permits  the  contrary  practice, 
as  its  advocates  take  for  granted,  it  cannot  be  followed. 

Thus  it  appears  to  be  most  necessary  for  these  botanists 
to  prove  that  their  system  secures  advantages  that  the  old 
system  does  not  possess.  If,  on  the  one  hand,  they  claim 
that  it  is  more  sound  in  theory,  it  may  be  said  that  prac- 
tical relief,  not  theoretical  relief,  is  needed.  Moreover, 
their  theory  is  inconsistent  within  itself,  being  founded 
partly  on  absolute  dedication  of  a  name  to  the  public, 
and  partly  on  the  absolute  inability  of  the  public  to  do 
what  it  will  with  its  own.  Thus  we  are  not  only  told  that 


36  INTRODUCTION. 

an  author  cannot  change  a  name  once  published,  because  it 
has  passed  from  his  control ;  but  we  are  also  no  less  gravely 
told  that  a  name  once  published  can  never  be  changed  by 
the  public  either  by  usage  or  in  any  other  manner,  —  an 
inconsistency  that  it  is  hard  to  explain  in  any  reasonable 
mariner.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  they  claim  that  in  practice 
strict  adherence  to  priority  does  away  with  the  uncertain- 
ties of  individual  judgment,  and  secures  absolute  certainty 
in  nomenclature  for  past,  present,  and  future,  this  assertion 
may  be  fairly  denied,  a,t  least  so  far  as  the  past  is  con- 
cerned. Any  one  who  has  followed  the  many  differences 
in  judgment,  and  the  disagreements  as  to  actual  priority, 
can  easily  realize  that  it  is  a  matter  requiring  much 
acute  and  long  continued  investigation  to  fix  absolutely 
the  historical  priority  and  identity  of  names.  This  fact 
should  have  deterred  many  botanists  from  rushing  into 
print  with  their  new-old  names,  like  children  eager  to 
display  a  new  toy,  only  to  discover  later  that  they  had 
been  too  hasty,  and  had  merely  added  to  the  ever  increas- 
ing host  of  synonyms.  Furthermore,  how  can  it  be  known 
that  this  system  will  be  permanent  ?  Its  advocates  claim 
that  they  not  only  can  violate  other  theories,  and  coin 
artificial  rules  to  secure  any  desired  result,  but  can  as 
readily  disregard  and  reject  many  principles  of  a  funda- 
mental nature  that  are  well  recognized  by  practical  men 
of  affairs,  whether  scientists  or  laymen,  and  have  been  so 
recognized  and  approved  by  the  greatest  botanists.  If 
these  can  be  set  aside  by  any  one  with  a  theory  of  his  own, 
what  security  have  we  that  the  Rochester  Code,  with  all 
its  inconsistencies  and  objectionable  features,  will  not  be 
set  aside  in  a  year  or  two  in  favor  of  some  radically 
different  theory  ?  This  is  a  very  serious  matter.  Through 
short-sightedness  the  fatal  error  has  been  made  of  disre- 


INTRODUCTION.  37 

garding  the  permanent  and  actual  for  the  transient  and 
theoretical.  If,  therefore,  we  approve  such  a  course  of 
action,  we  in  reality  cut  the  solid  ground  from  beneath 
our  feet.  Our  view  of  this  matter  is  fully  confirmed  by 
the  dissatisfaction  of  many  of  our  botanists,  and  their 
freely  expressed  intention  to  use  the  Rochester  Code  only 
until  they  find  something  better.  Indeed,  even  one  of  the 
leaders  among  the  faithful  of  late  refuses  to  follow  the 
Code  in  regard  to  the  starting  point  for  genera. 

Of  course  the  greatest  fault  to  be  found  with  the  Code 
arises  from  the  wanton  exercise  of  ex  post  facto  legislation 
to  accomplish  the  ends  of  its  advocates.  Were  the  ques- 
tion of  botanical  nomenclature  in  the  main  a  matter  of 
interest  to  scientists  only,  as  until  very  recently  orni- 
thological nomenclature  has  been,  this  legislation  would 
do  no  great  harm  if  generally  assented  to;  but  to  employ 
it  in  a  science  like  that  of  botany,  where  generic  and 
specific  names  have  become,  as  it  were,  subjects  of  prop- 
erty rights,  is  unwarranted  and  short-sighted  in  the 
extreme.  One  result  has  been,  that  if  we  follow  the  Code 
we  may  have  a  botanical  name  and  a  horticultural  name 
for  the  same  plant,  both  correct,  but  one  to  be  used  at 
one  time,  one  at  another,  —  a  somewhat  humiliating  state 
of  affairs  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  what  efforts  have  been 
made  to  make  horticulturists  use  the  generally  accepted 
botanical  names.  The  worst  of  the  whole  matter  is  that 
the  horticulturists  are  dealing  sensibly  with  facts  as 
they  find  them,  while  the  botanists  are  striving  with 
theories  to  annihilate  facts.  It  is  hard  enough,  as  any- 
body of  experience  knows,  to  make  a  horticulturist  adopt 
a  change  in  nomenclature  made  necessary  for  scientific 
reasons ;  but  how  impossible  it  would  be  to  force  upon  him 
a  change  made  merely  to  carry  out  a  theory  or  a  system 


38  INTRODUCTION. 

of  questionable  expediency !  What  can  be  gained  by  inten- 
sifying this  distinction  between  botanical  and  horticultural 
nomenclature,  especially  now  that  the  horticulturists  have 
refused  to  follow  the  Rochester  Code  on  the  practical 
ground  that  it  does  not  recognize  the  well  established 
principles  of  property  rights,  custom,  usage,  and  the  salu- 
tary maxim,  Quieta  non  movere  ? 

Any  system  of  nomenclature,  especially  one  creating 
confusion  by  asserting  new  and  unusual  theories,  should 
come  before  the  public  as  a  result  of  mature,  impartial, 
long  considered  adjudication.  While  we  are  perfectly 
willing  to  consider  the  Rochester  Code  as  the  expression 
of  the  personal  opinion  and  preference  of  its  advocates, 
we  find  ourselves  unable  to  admit  that  it  has  any  other 
authority  to  sustain  it.  It  is  true  that  it  was  fathered 
by  the  vote  of  the  Botanical  Section  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.  at 
the  Rochester  Meeting  in  1892,  but  the  published  record 
of  the  proceedings  shows  clearly  that  the  committee 
appointed  could  not  have  given  the  subject  proper  con- 
sideration and  adjudication.  In  fact,  apparently  less 
than  one  day  was  sufficient  for  this  committee  to  pass 
on  a  subject  of  so  much  practical  importance,  and  then 
in  a  manner  that  involved  the  rejection  of  fundamental 
principles  confirmed  and  supported  for  years  by  the 
authority  of  the  greatest  botanists.  Further  comment  is 
unnecessary. 

It  has,  moreover,  been  asked,  with  some  pertinence, 
What  authority  had  the  Rochester  Meeting  to  bind  Amer- 
ican botanists  by  any  such  code  of  nomenclature  as  a 
majority  of  the  members  present  might  see  fit  to  adopt  ? 
It  is  perfectly  clear  that  its  sole  authority  lay  in  the 
united  dictation  of  the  various  botanists  present.  We 
confess  we  find  it  somewhat  amusing,  —  after  all  the 


INTRODUCTION.  39 

protest  against  one-man  authority,  no  matter  how  great 
that  man  might  be,  and  after  all  the  laudation  of  the  democ- 
racy of  the  botanists,  —  that  the  real  democracy,  in  which 
every  botanist  has  a  vote,  should  now  be  dictated  to  by  a 
comparatively  few  botanists  of  various  degrees  of  repute. 
History  testifies  that  power  and  dictation  are  fully  as 
sweet  to  thirty  tyrants  as  to  one !  The  matter  practi- 
cally wears  this  aspect  in  our  opinion,  since  we  have  been 
unable  to  find  more  than  passive  approval  of  the  Code 
outside  of  a  comparatively  small  circle  of  botanists,  and  in 
many  cases  have  found  active  disapproval  or  a  decided 
disclaimer  of  any  sympathy  with  the  Code  where  we 
hardly  expected  it.  We  sincerely  hope  that  botanists 
in  other  countries  will  not  be  deceived  into  thinking  that 
this  school  of  nomenclature  includes  the  American  bota- 
nists, for  it  includes  only  a  part,  even  if  it  is  the  part  that 
makes  most  of  the  noise ! 

Another  evil  produced  by  the  adoption  of  this  Code  is 
the  great  prominence  given  to  the  botanical  name-monger, 
a  term  which  we  use  for  convenience  to  denote  those 
botanists  who  devote  much  of  their  time  to  changing 
about  names  of  plants  for  no  scientific  reason,  but  merely 
to  fit  them  to  a  code.  To  the  binomial  thus  manufactured 
they  add  their  names,  and  stand  apparently  on  a  par  with 
botanists  whose  names  attached  as  authors  stand  for  true 
scientific  achievement.  The  addition  in  parentheses  of 
the  name  of  the  original  author  of  the  specific  name  does 
not  help  the  matter  much  in  such  cases,  for  it  does  not 
explain  the  binomial.  There  are,  moreover,  no  indica- 
tions at  present  that  there  is  likely  to  be  such  a  consensus 
of  agreement  in  the  names  of  plants  as  might  enable  us 
to  omit  the  name  of  the  author  altogether.  Thanks  to 
the  provincial-mindedness  of  the  so-called  reformers,  we 


40  INTRODUCTION. 

are  farther  from  this  agreement  than  we  were  ten  years 
ago.  All  this  is  a  natural  result  of  the  unjustifiable 
attempt  to  apply  rules  too  strictly  in  many  respects  to 
the  past,  over  which  no  botanist  can  expect  to  legislate 
if  he  knows  anything  of  conditions  outside  of  his  her- 
barium walls.  If  the  supporters  of  the  Rochester  Code 
think  they  have  a  right  to  upset  important  results  of 
nomenclature  evolution  for  nearly  a  century  and  a  half 
merely  to  help  out  their  theories,  they  must  be  veritable 
Rip  Van  Winkles,  just  awakened  from  a  comfortable 
nap  of  years. 

We  sincerely  regret  that  so  many  of  our  younger  bota- 
nists have  been  led  astray  by  this  ignis  fatuus  of  theory, 
and  so  blinded  to  the  clear  fixed  lights  of  sound  judgment 
and  of  practice.  No  code  of  botanical  nomenclature  can 
hope  to  accomplish  good  results  that  does  not  meet  the 
needs  of  the  time;  this  the  Rochester  Code  does  not  do. 
We  cannot  afford  to  begin  over  again,  or  submit  to  tempo- 
rary confusion  for  the  sake  of  any  theory,  or  for  the  sake 
of  a  future  peace  that  may  never  come. 

In  our  consideration  of  this  matter  we  have  pointed  out 
a  few  reasons  why  we  could  not  follow  the  Rochester 
Code.  It  would  be  easy  to  be  more  specific,  and  give 
others,  did  we  feel  that  it  were  incumbent  on  us  to  do  so. 
We  see  no  reason,  however,  why  objections  should  be  set 
out  by  any  one  dissatisfied  with  the  Code,  when  the  sup- 
porters have  thus  far  been  unable  to  prove  that  it  has  any 
right  to  exist  beyond  their  own  will.  Let  them  attempt 
to  prove  their  case,  and  their  argument  will  be  impar- 
tially heard  by  all  interested  in  this  matter  of  botanical 
nomenclature.  At  present  they  are  in  default. 

In  conclusion,  we  wish  to  add  a  few  words  in  explana- 
tion of  the  arrangement  adopted  in  this  catalogue.  The 


INTRODUCTION.  41 

arrangement  of  Engler  and  PrantPs  "  Natiirlichen  Pflan- 
zenf amilien, "  adopted  as  a  standard  at  the  Madison  Meet- 
ing of  the  Botanical  Section  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S. ,  seems  to  us 
not  sufficiently  well  known,  accessible,  and  understood  in 
this  country  to  make  it  advisable  to  adopt  it  at  present  in 
a  local  Flora,  or  in  a  mere  list  of  plants.  It  has  been 
adopted  in  Algae  alone  in  this  Catalogue.  As  our  decision 
in  regard  to  the  standard  of  nomenclature  obliged  us  to 
follow  Gray's  Manual,  it  seemed  well  to  us  to  follow  its 
arrangement  also,  so  far  as  its  scope  allowed,  and  beyond 
that  to  follow  the  manuals  and  other  works  already 
mentioned  in  the  Preface. 


AN    OUTLINE 

OF    THE 

GEOLOGY   OF    MOUNT  DESERT. 


BY  WILLIAM  MORRIS  DAVIS. 


THE  mountain  range  of  MOUNT  DESERT  includes  the 
highest  of  a  number  of  mountainous  hills  that  rise 
over  the  rolling  lowland  of  southern  Maine.  The  lowland 
has  been  slightly  inclined  to  the  south,  so  that  a  part  of 
its  original  area  is  depressed  under  the  sea,  to  make  the 
platform  of  the  Gulf  of  Maine ;  while  its  northern  exten- 
sion slowly  ascends  inland  until  it  deserves  the  name  of 
a  plateau  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  The  tilted 
lowland  is  roughened  by  the  excavation  of  numerous 
valleys ;  and  since  these  were  formed  the  coastal  region 
has  been  slightly  lowered,  carrying  the  shore  line  farther 
inland  than  before,  changing  many  a  valley  into  a  long 
arm  of  the  sea,  and  isolating  many  a  hill  top  as  an  out- 
lying island.  Associated  with  this  later  change  of  level, 
and  during  a  time  of  colder  climate,  there  was  an  invasion 
of  the  region  from  the  north  by  a  sheet  of  ice,  such  as 
that  which  still  maintains  possession  of  Greenland.  The^ 
slow  but  rough-shod  march  of  this  cold  conqueror  stripped 
the  loose  soil  from  the  land,  wore  down  the  sharper 
ledges  of  the  hills,  deepened  many  of  the  valleys,  and 
dragged  along  the  rubbish  thus  gained  farther  and  farther 
southward.  When  the  invader  was  driven  away  by  the 
return  of  a  milder  climate,  the  rubbish  or  "  drift "  was 
irregularly  disposed  over  the  uneven  lowlands,  thereby 


44  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

greatly  embarrassing  the  flow  of  the  streams  that  again 
took  possession  of  the  country,  frequently  turning  them 
aside  from  their  former  courses,  and  often  holding  them 
back  to  form  lakes. 

The  rolling  lowland  over  which  the  mountainous  hills 
rise  is  not,  like  the  coastal  lowlands  of  our  southern 
States,  a  former  sea-bottom  recently  emerged,  and  still 
for  the  most  part  as  smooth  as  it  was  when  under  water. 
The  lowland  is  low,  not  because  the  country  was  never 
built  up  to  a  greater  height,  but  in  spite  of  having  been 
long  ago  strongly  uplifted  in  disorderly  form.  The  low- 
land is  low  because  the  whole  region  has  been  worn  down 
from  its  high  estate  by  long  continued  denudation.  It 
lias  slowly  wasted  away  under  the  ceaseless  attack  of  the 
atmosphere.  Its  relief  is  now  generally  of  moderate  meas- 
ure because,  before  the  lowland  was  tilted  into  its  present 
southward  inclination,  it  had  been  worn  down  nearly  to  the 
level  of  the  sea  of  that  time,  and  only  the  more  resistant 
rock  structures  then  still  withstood  denudation  success- 
fully enough  to  hold  up  their  heads  as  residual  moun- 
tains and  hills.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  even 
the  residual  mountains  were  once  more  lofty  than  they 
are  now;  that  the  whole  region  was  once  deformed  and 
upheaved  into  a  rugged  highland;  but  these  ancient  fea- 
tures have  been  subdued  and  almost  lost  in  the  denudation 
of  advancing  old  age.  The  existing  mountains  must  there- 
fore be  regarded  not  so  much  as  points  of  excessive  upheaval, 
but  as  points  where  the  wasting  of  the  land  has  been 
retarded.  The  mountain  range  of  Mount  Desert  is  one 
of  the  most  stubborn  survivors  of  the  ancient  highland. 
The  beauty  of  the  Island  as  seen  from  the  sea,  unpar- 
alleled along  our  whole  Atlantic  coast,  is  owing  to  its 
persistent  retention  of  a  good  share  of  the  height  which 
this  whole  region  once  had,  but  which  its  surroundings 
have  lost. 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  45 

Although  the  granitic  rocks  of  the  Mount  Desert  range, 
and  of  other  mountains  in  southern  Maine,  are  now  cold 
and  quiet  in  their  old  age,  they  were  once  hot  and  ener- 
getic, pressing  their  way  upward  as  a  vast  molten  mass 
towards,  and  perhaps  to  what  was  then  the  surface  of  the 
ancient  land.  Their  upheaval  and  outburst  may  have 
contributed  largely  to  the  altitude  of  the  former  surface  ; 
but  of  this  we  know  little.  Other  intrusions  of  melted 
rocks  occurred  on  large  or  small  scales,  and  on  dates 
earlier  and  later  than  that  of  the  mountain  granite ;  but 
their  heat  has  all  long  since  died  out.  The  great  denuda- 
tion by  which  the  present  lowland  has  been  carved  in 
the  ancient  highlands  is  later  than  the  latest  of  the 
igneous  outbursts ;  and  the  glaciation  by  which  the  finish- 
ing touches  have  been  given  to  the  country  is  a  thing  of 
yesterday. 

When  a  brief  summary  of  geological  history  is  thus 
presented,  the  reader,  if  he  is  not  versed  in  the  interpre- 
tation of  evidence  presented  in  the  language  of  the  rocks, 
is  likely  to  regard  the  whole  subject  as  something  of  a 
mystery.  He  may  even  imagine  that  the  facts  and  argu- 
ments to  which  the  geologist  appeals  are  obscure  and 
abstruse.  This  is  not  the  case.  Common  eyes  and  com- 
mon sense  may  perceive  all  the  essential  points  in  the 
evidence  leading  to  the  conclusions  just  stated.  If  the 
reader  will  walk  patiently  over  the  island,  look  closely, 
and  think  clearly,  the  whole  argument  may  be  appre- 
hended ;  and  when  his  attention  is  taken  less  by  the  con- 
clusions to  which  the  evidence  leads  than  by  the  evidence 
which  leads  to  the  conclusions,  the  mystery  vanishes ; 
the  essential  simplicity  of  logical  scientific  investigation 
takes  its  place,  and  the  face  of  nature  gains  a  frank  and 
sincere  expression  that  it  has  to  him  never  worn  before. 
Let  us  use  the  foregoing  paragraphs  in  the  nature  of  a 
table  of  contents,  and  now  turn  more  particularly  to  see 


46  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

the  facts  by  which  the  geological  history  of  Mount  Desert 
may  be  interpreted. 

Seldom  are  geological  facts  more  plainly  presented. 
Seldom  have  pleasanter  days  been  spent  than  those 
recalled  while  writing  out  this  sketch.  We  have  coasted 
in  good  company  and  under  good  pilotage  along  the  rocky 
shore,  landing  for  our  geological  discoveries  even  as  old 
Champlain  may  have  landed  for  his  geography,  and  return- 
ing to  our  vessel  at  night.  We  have  clambered  up  pathless 
glens  to  rugged  summits ;  and  if  we  carried  rations  for 
only  half  a  day,  we  felt  nevertheless  the  spirit  of  explorers 
in  unknown  lands,  and  our  adventures  were  recounted 
around  camp-fires  in  the  evening.  Our  vacations  are 
shorter  now  than  then,  and  while  recalling  them  in  this 
writing  we  must  leave  to  others  the  pleasures  on  sea  and 
shore  once  our  own. 

THE  GRANITE  BELT. 

The  granitic  mass  of  Green  Mountain,  and  of  its  domi- 
nant fellows  east  and  west,  and  of  a  belt  of  adjacent 
lowland  across  the  Island  about  parallel  to  the  range, 
serves  as  a  natural  beginning  in  our  study,  and  from  the 
date  of  the  origin  of  the  granite  we  may  go  backwards 
and  forwards  in  time  until  the  whole  sequence  of  events 
discoverable  within  our  borders  is  determined.  The  rocks 
of  the  mountain  belt,  wherever  examined  on  summits  or 
flanks,  have  a  remarkably  uniform  crystalline  texture, 
consisting  of  an  intimate  mixture  of  quartz,  feldspar,  and 
hornblende,  to  which  the  name  of  hornblendic  granite  is 
given.  The  constituent  minerals  may  be  easily  recognized 
by  the  unaided  eye :  the  quartz  being  translucent  and 
glassy,  with  uneven  surface  ;  the  feldspar,  gray  or  pink, 
with  even  cleavage  surfaces ;  the  hornblende,  black,  and 
in  smaller  particles  than  the  other  minerals.  The  massive 
structure  of  this  rock,  in  so  strong  a  contrast  to  the  bedded 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  47 

arrangement  of  stratified  or  water-deposited  rocks,  indi- 
cates that  its  materials  were  not  brought  here  in  fine 
particles  and  in  sucession,  and  laid  down  in  beds  one  after 
another ;  but  that  the  whole  mass  took  its  place  essentially 
at  once,  and  that  its  structure  was  gained  by  a  single 
process,  in  operation  practically  at  one  time  in  all  its  parts. 
Slow  crystallization  by  cooling  from  fusion  is  the  most 
plausible  explanation  of  such  a  result ;  and  this  is  borne 
out  by  an  examination  of  the  structure  of  modern  lavas, 
which  solidify  after  flowing  in  molten  streams  from  visible 
vents  ;  and  by  analogy  with  the  crystallization  of  mineral 
substances  artificially  melted  and  allowed  to  cool.  The 
granite  is  therefore  regarded  as  an  igneous  rock ;  a  rock 
which  has  been  at  one  time  molten  from  heat. 

The  granite  occupies  a  belt  across  the  Island,  enclosed 
on  the  north  and  south  by  rocks  of  other  kinds.  Isolated 
areas  of  granite  are  found  eastward  from  Bass  Harbor 
Head,  and  at  some  other  points.  Descend  the  mountain 
slopes  to  the  lower  ground,  and  although  much  of  the 
surface  is  covered  with  drift,  the  observer  will  sooner  or 
later  meet  with  rocks  of  quite  different  appearance.  At 
first,  these  are  seen  as  isolated  angular  fragments  of 
various  kinds  and  sizes  included  in  the  granite  ;  the  frag- 
ments then  become  more  frequent,  as  in  the  wonderful 
display  at  Hunters  Beach  Head ;  further  on,  the  granite 
is  found  penetrating  long,  relatively  narrow  crevices  in 
the  other  rocks,  as  on  Sutton  Island  ;  and  at  last  the 
granite  ceases  entirely,  and  the  surface  is  occupied,  when- 
ever its  rocky  floor  can  be  seen,  only  by  rocks  like  those 
first  seen  as  fragments  enclosed  in  the  granite.  Near  the 
margin  of  its  area,  the  granite  is  finer  textured  than 
further  within  its  mass.  This  indicates  that,  when  it 
cooled  from  fusion,  the  margin  cooled  faster  than  the 
interior ;  for  it  is  the  habit  of  rocks  when  crystallizing 
from  a  melted  state  to  develop  only  smaller  crystals  and 


48  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

finer  texture  near  their  boundaries,  where  they  are  chilled 
and  solidified  quickly ;  while  larger  crystals  and  coarser 
texture  are  produced  within  the  mass,  where  the  cooling 
is  more  gradual.  Even  a  broken  bar  of  pig  iron  illus- 
trates a  variation  from  fine  to  coarse  texture  in  passing 
from  its  surface  to  its  interior. 

The  fine  texture  of  the  margin  of  the  granite,  the  inclu- 
sion of  numerous  angular  fragments  of  the  country  rocks 
along  the  borders  of  the  granite  belt,  and  the  penetration 
of  the  country  rocks  by  narrowing  granitic  arms,  or  dikes, 
demonstrate  that  the  granite  is  a  later  comer  than  the 
other  rocks,  and  that  it  moved  from  some  former  position 
to  its  present  position  while  molten,  breaking  its  way  into 
the  solid,  rocky  crust  in  its  escape  from  some  excessive 
pressures  that  forced  it  to  move ;  until  at  last,  when  the 
impelling  pressures  were  satisfied,  it  came  to  a  halt,  and 
slowly  froze  into  a  rigid  mass,  holding  close  in  its  grasp 
thousands  of  fragments  gathered  from  the  enclosing  walls. 
The  only  imaginable  source  of  supply  for  such  a  mass  of 
molten  rock  is  in  the  earth's  interior;  and  although  no  one 
can  well  account  for  the  forces  by  which  the  granite  was 
squeezed  outward  from  its  former  position,  no  one  can 
justly  doubt  the  reality  of  its  out-thrust.  The  granitic  belt 
is  indeed  nothing  more  than  a  great  irregular  ragged  dike, 
pushed  upward  through  the  ancient  rocky  crust  of  the 
earth.  Many  such  intrusive  masses  are  known  elsewhere 
in  New  England,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  The 
Blue  Hills  near  Boston  are  largely  composed  of  intrusive 
rocks,  amid  surroundings  much  like  those  of  the  Mount 
Desert  range ;  the  rocky  dome  of  Cape  Ann  is  of  similar 
nature. 

The  granitic  outburst  is  the  greatest  event  in  the  history 
of  Mount  Desert.  It  is  of  colossal  magnitude.  The  energy 
of  its  intrusion  cannot  be  conceived.  Not  that  the  intru- 
sion was  suddenly  accomplished,  but  that  it  was  effected 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  49 

against  enormous  resistances,  and  that  it  involved  the 
movement  of  gigantic  masses.  The  granitic  belt  is  at  least 
twelve  miles  long  and  seven  wide.  No  one  can  give  any 
measure  of  the  former  greater  height  to  which  it  ascended  ; 
and  certainly  he  would  be  a  daring  geologist  who  would  set 
a  limit  to  the  unsounded  depths  from  which  it  rose.  The 
uprising  may  have  required  many  historic  ages;  it  may 
have  been  relatively  rapid ;  but  that  it  was  progressive,  and 
not  instantaneous,  is  easily  seen  by  a  closer  examination  of 
the  minor  events  recorded  along  its  margins. 

Much  of  the  lowland  is  covered  by  glacial  drift  and  by 
postglacial  marine  clays ;  but  along  the  seashore  the  rocks 
are  swept  clean,  and  their  surface  is  continuously  visible. 
The  bare  ledges  and  cliffs  of  Hunters  Beach  Head,  as  well 
as  of  many  other  similar  points  on  the  southern  coast, 
afford  wonderfully  clear  illustrations  of  the  processes  of  the 
granitic  intrusion.  Here  we  may  follow  the  granite  wedg- 
ing its  way  into  narrowing  cracks  among  the  older  rocks. 
Great  fragments  of  older  rocks  of  various  kinds  are  caught 
off  in  the  granite  and  mixed  together  in  confusion.  Some- 
times a  block  is  found  to  be  divided  by  granite-filled  fis- 
sures, and  yet  its  several  parts  may  still  lie  so  close  to  one 
another  that  they  can  be  matched  with  certainty  ;  thus 
proving  that  after  the  block  was  broken  from  the  wall  of 
the  vast  fissure  it  was  further  fractured,  and  the  minor 
cracks  thus  opened  were  filled  by  the  mobile  granite.  This 
may  be  seen  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Narrows  of  Somes 
Sound,  and  along  the  shore  ledges  to  Smallidge  Point  south 
of  Wasgatt  Cove.  The  granite  rock,  now  so  rigid,  then  so 
liquid,  or  at  least  then  yielding  so  perfectly  under  the 
pressures  that  were  exerted  on  it,  entered  into  the  nar- 
rowest little  crevices,  following  them  down  to  hair-like 
fineness.  Nowhere  in  the  world  may  the  traveller  find 
better  illustrations  of  the  manifold  processes  of  deep-seated 
intrusions  than  are  here  exhibited  on  the  wave-swept  ledges 


50  AN  OUTLINE   OF  THE 

of  the  southern  coast,  eastward  from  Somes  Sound.  They 
are  fully  equal  to  the  wonderful  display  of  successive  in- 
trusions of  igneous  rocks  along  the  Massachusetts  coast 
in  Swampscott,  Marblehead,  and  Beverly. 

When  the  observer  first  examines  the  varied  features  of 
this  rocky  coast,  his  attention  will  be  limited  to  the  surface 
of  the  rocks  as  now  exposed.  But  the  structural  problem 
of  the  Island  is  not  simply  a  problem  of  surfaces  in  two 
dimensions.  It  is  a  problem  of  solids  in  three  dimensions  ; 
and  the  third  dimension  of  height  or  depth  must  be  inferred 
from  what  can  be  seen  on  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
surface.  It  will  be  plain,  when  we  come  to  consider  the 
denudation  which  the  island  has  suffered,  that  the  present 
surface  has  no  particular  relation  to  the  whole  mass  of 
ancient  country  rocks  and  intrusive  granite  with  which  we 
are  now  concerned.  The  present  surface  merely  marks 
the  stage  of  denudation  reached  at  this  hour  of  geological 
time ;  the  surface  at  earlier  hours  intersected  the  mass  at 
a  greater  altitude  ;  in  later  hours  the  intersection  will  be 
carried  lower  down  into  the  mass.  The  present  surface 
may  therefore  be  taken,  not  as  belonging  only  to  the  present 
time,  but  as  a  fair  sample  of  what  would  be  exhibited  on 
any  nearly  horizontal  section  across  the  mass,  not  very  far 
above  or  below  what  is  now  seen. 

We  must  therefore  conceive  of  the  great  granite  dike 
not  only  as  limited  by  horizontal  marginal  lines,  but  as 
enclosed  by  ragged  walls  ;  and  this  structure  must  be  men- 
tally restored  upward  into  what  is  now  the  open  air,  as  well 
as  deeply  downward  into  the  solid  earth.  The  original 
walls  undoubtedly  terminated  in  both  directions ;  but  no 
one  shall  say  how  far  they  extended  at  the  time  when 
the  granite  had  just  made  its  way  upwards  from  the  deep 
interior  of  the  earth  and  frozen  stiff  in  its  new  position. 
The  greater  part  of  the  intrusion  is  pure  unmixed  granite ; 
but  far  up  and  down  the  walls  there  must  have  been  a  con- 


GEOLOGY  OF   MOUNT  DESERT.  51 

fusion  of  included  fragments  broken  from  the  country  rock, 
and  a  great  branch-work  of  lateral  granitic  dikes  penetrat- 
ing the  sides  of  the  vast  fissure.  We  shall  later  return  to 
consider  the  denudation  of  the  ancient  mass  into  its  pres- 
ent form  ;  but  before  that  several  facts  of  even  more  ancient 
date  than  the  granite  intrusion  must  be  examined. 

THE  PRE-GRANITIC  ROCKS. 

Even  the  casual  observer  can  hardly  fail  to  detect  a 
marked  variety  in  the  nature  of  the  rock  fragments 
included  in  the  granite  along  the  southern  and  western 
coast.  Every  one  of  these  rocks  is  older  than  the  granite. 
Many  of  them  are  distinctly  unlike  in  composition  and  tex- 
ture, and  probably  also  in  age.  Some  are  therefore  older 
than  the  granite  by  longer  ages  than  the  others.  Their 
sequence  must  be  deciphered  as  far  as  possible.* 

The  most  manifest  varieties  of  these  older  rocks  may  be 
briefly  described.  On  the  western  and  northwestern  coast, 
and  on  some  of  the  adjacent  islands,  as  Bartlett  and  Hard- 
wood Islands,  there  is  an  area  of  wrinkled  greenish  schists, 
in  somewhat  disorderly  attitude,  associated  with  quartzitic 
layers.  Their  southernmost  occurrence  is  at  Dix  Point, 
and  northernmost  at  Thomas  Island.  The  schists  trend 
northwest,  north,  and  northeast,  dipping  to  the  eastward, 
or  towards  the  granite,  at  various  angles.  Their  thickness 
is  estimated  as  two  thousand  feet  at  least  These  schists 
are  cut  by  the  granite  at  several  points,  and  hence  belong 
in  the  pre-granitic  series  ;  but  as  they  are  not  found  in  con- 
tact with  the  other  marginal  rocks,  it  is  only  on  account  of 
their  gnarled  and  ancient  appearance  that  they  are  placed 
at  the  foundation  of  the  history  of  the  Island.  They  seem 

*  A  number  of  statements  in  this  section,  and  in  the  section  on  the 
glacial  invasion,  are  taken  from  an  essay  by  Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler,  on  the  Ge- 
ology of  the  Island  of  Mount  Desert,  in  the  Eighth  Annual  Report  of  the 
Director  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washington,  1889. 


52  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

to  have  been  originally  stratified  sedimentary  deposits  ;  but 
their  texture  has  become'  crystalline  by  long  continued 
change,  and  hence  they  are  to  be  regarded  as  extremely 
ancient.  It  is  probable  that  a  search  on  the  neighboring 
mainland  will  enable  us  to  define  more  precisely  the  rela- 
tive age  of  the  schists  by  means  of  their  contact  with  the 
other  old  rocks ;  and  when  this  is  done,  we  may  expect  to 
find  proof,  not  only  that  the  schists  are  the  oldest  of  the 
series,  but  that  after  the  deposition  of  their  sediments  they 
were  buried  deeply  enough  for  metamorphism  into  their 
present  crystalline  structure,  and  then  greatly  denuded 
before  any  other  rocks  were  formed  in  this  region.  They 
will  then  be  seen  to  be  older  than  the  other  rocks  by  a 
great  interval  of  time.  The  rocks  of  Schooner  Head  and 
of  a  limited  stretch  of  the  eastern  coast  may  perhaps  be 
classed  with  the  greenish  schists  of  Bartlett  Island;  but 
their  age  is  not  well  determined. 

On  the  southern  and  northeastern  sides  of  the  Island, 
and  on  some  of  the  adjacent  smaller  islands,  as  Bar  Island, 
the  Porcupines,  and  Sutton  Island,  there  are  many  ex- 
posures of  a  series  of  bedded  rocks,  partly  slates,  partly 
sandstones  and  flagstones.  These  are  manifestly  sedi- 
mentary deposits  in  ancient  seas.  They  are  of  firm 
texture  as  a  rule,  although  some  of  the  layers  are  weak 
enough  to  undermine  the  overlying  beds  and  form  dis- 
tinct ledges,  as  near  Bar  Harbor  landing.  Sometimes 
there  are  fine  pebbly  layers,  with  grains  of  white  quartz, 
as  on  the  shore  near  Northeast  Harbor.  The  greater 
part  of  this  series  is  well  indurated  ;  but  otherwise  it  has 
suffered  little  structural  change  since  its  deposition.  In- 
deed, if  any  fossils  had  originally  existed  in  the  beds,  they 
should  be  still  observable,  but  none  have  yet  been  found. 
The  strata  generally  dip  away  from  the  granitic  belt ;  and 
on  the  Cranberry  Isles  their  inclination  is  nearly  vertical. 
The  granite  cuts  them  in  various  places,  and  frequently 


GEOLOGY   OF  MOUNT   DESERT.  53 

includes  their  fragments  along  the  southern  coast ;  hence, 
like  the  greenish  schists,  they  belong  to  the  pre-granitic 
series,  but  at  present  it  is  only  by  inference  that  they  are 
regarded  as  younger  than  the  schists,  as  already  explained. 
There  may  well  be  a  considerable  diversity  of  age  among 
these  bedded  rocks,  yet  to  be  discovered. 

The  northern  shore  by  the  Ovens,  the  southwestern 
extension  of  the  Island,  and  several  of  the  smaller  islands 
to  the  southeast,  contain  many  exposures  of  old  volcanic 
rocks,  known  as  felsites.  They  are  of  crystalline  texture, 
but  much  finer  than  the  granite  of  the  central  belt,  and 
are  often  arranged,  like  modern  lavas,  in  sheets  or  flows 
parallel  with  the  beds  of  the  adjacent  stratified  sedimen- 
tary rocks.  They  frequently  possess  a  porphyritic  structure ; 
that  is,  small  crystals  of  feldspar  are  disseminated  through 
the  mass.  Again,  they  have  a  banded  structure,  due  to 
flowing  while  molten ;  and  they  are  often  broken  or  brec- 
ciated,  as  if  eruptive  movement  had  continued  after  a  part 
of  the  mass  had  become  solid.  This  structure  is  exhibited 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  Bass  Harbor.  Associated  with  the 
denser  masses  are  large  fragmental  and  ash-like  deposits, 
as  if  formed  by  explosive  eruptions  from  some  neighboring 
vent  not  now  identifiable.  Occasionally,  dikes  of  felsite 
are  found  cutting  through  the  rocks  of  the  bedded  series. 
Like  the  bedded  rocks,  they  are  cut  by  the  granites,  as 
may  be  well  seen  east  of  Bass  Harbor.  Considering  all 
these  features,  it  may  be  concluded  that  the  felsites  mark 
a  time  of  volcanic  activity  contemporaneous  with  a  part  of 
the  period  during  which  the  sedimentary  series  was  formed. 
The  sandy  or  muddy  sea  bottom  of  that  era  must  have 
received,  from  time  to  time,  flows  of  lava  and  showers 
of  ashes  ;  volcanic  cones  may  have  been  built  somewhere 
in  the  neighborhood,  although  not  a  trace  of  them  now 
remains.  While  in  process  of  accumulation,  the  bedded 
rocks  and  the  lava  flows  must  have  lain  almost  horizontal ; 


54  AN  OUTLINE   OF   THE 

but  they  are  now  steeply  tilted  to  the  south  and  deeply 
worn  away,  so  that  the  present  surface  in  the  Cranberry 
Isles  reveals  what  would  have  been  originally  almost  a 
vertical  cross-section  of  the  mass.  Minute  study  may 
discover  interesting  details  of  this  chapter  of  the  Island's 
history ;  but  the  record  is  fragmentary  by  reason  of  the 
denudation  that  has  swept  much  of  the  structure  away, 
and  the  submergence  which  has  sunk  a  good  part  of  the 
remainder  beneath  the  sea;  and  the  remnant  standing 
above  the  present  sea  level  is  blurred  over  by  the  sheet  of 
glacial  drift.  Yet  it  is  by  putting  together  such  imperfect 
records  as  this  that  much  of  the  geological  history  of  the 
world  has  been  made  out.  A  close  study  of  the  ancient 
volcanic  area  in  the  southern  part  of  Mount  Desert  would 
doubtless  well  repay  any  one  who  can  undertake  it. 

Along  the  southern  coast,  east  of  Somes  Sound,  and  at 
various  points  on  the  western  coast  near  Bartlett  Island 
Narrows,  there  is  a  dark-colored  crystalline  igneous  rock, 
known  as  diorite.  It  consists  chiefly  of  hornblende  and 
a  triclinic  feldspar :  the  fine  parallel  lines  on  the  cleavage 
faces  of  the  feldspar  resulting  from  the  twinning  of  crys- 
tals can  be  easily  seen  with  a  hand  lens,  thus  distinguishing 
the  triclinic  feldspar  of  the  diorite  from  the  orthoclase 
feldspar  of  the  granite.  The  diorite  is  shown  to  be  an 
igneous  rock  by  its  structure,  and  by  its  intrusive  relations 
with  other  rocks,  here  and  elsewhere.  It  cuts  the  lower 
members  of  the  stratified  rocks  near  Northeast  Harbor, 
and  it  is  frequently  cut  by  or  included  in  the  granite  ; 
hence  its  age  is  intermediate  between  the  ages  of  these 
two ;  but  its  relations  to  the  volcanic  felsites  are  not 
yet  surely  determined.  The  felsites  were  contemporary 
superficial  extrusions  upon  certain  members  of  the  bedded 
rocks,  while  the  diorite  presents  only  the  features  of  a 
deep  intrusion,  as  if  thrust  in  among  the  bedded  rocks 
after  thay  had  accumulated  in  much  greater  mass  than 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  55 

they  possessed  when  the  felsites  overflowed.  It  is  there- 
fore probable  that  the  diorite  is  younger  than  the  felsite. 
At  certain  points  in  Northwest  Cove,  on  the  western  coast, 
the  diorite  is  of  two  kinds ;  the  finer  textured  masses 
being  cut  by  those  of  coarser  texture,  and  thus  indicating 
two  periods  of  intrusion  of  this  rock. 

This  general  survey  of  the  older  rocks  may  now  be 
summarized.  The  metamorphic  schists  seem  to  be  the 
most  ancient,  and  it  is  probable  that  a  long  unrecorded 
time  elapsed  after  their  deposition  before  the  next  series 
was  formed.  Then  comes  a  variety  of  unaltered  sedimen- 
tary rocks,  to  whose  accumulation  a  long  time  must  have 
been  devoted,  and  whose  history  was  diversified  by  much 
volcanic  action.  The  geological  date  of  these  rocks  can- 
not be  affirmed  ;  but,  judging  by  analogy  with  similar  rocks 
along  the  New  England  coast,  it  was  probably  Cambrian, 
a  very  ancient  time  division  of  geological  history.  How 
long  the  conditions  of  deposition  prevailed,  and  how  great 
a  thickness  of  deposits  was  formed  before  their  subsequent 
destruction  began,  no  one  can  now  learn ;  but  we  shall  see 
reason  to  believe  that  the  existing  amount  of  bedded  rocks 
is  probably  only  a  small  share  of  what  once  existed  in  this 
region.  At  some  part  of  the  time,  when  the  accumulation 
of  the  bedded  series  had  reached  a  considerable  volume 
above  the  present  surface,  the  intrusions  of  diorite  took 
place  within  the  mass  ;  and  again,  at  a  still  later  time, 
came  the  great  granitic  intrusion ;  thus  leading  us  to 
the  undated  epoch  with  which  this  account  of  the  rocks 
began. 

THE  POST-GRANITIC  ROCKS. 

The  only  indurated  rocks  now  recognized  as  of  later 
date  than  the  granite  are  the  trap  dikes,  by  which  all  the 
other  rocks  of  the  Island  are  traversed  at  one  place  or 


56  AN  OUTLINE   OF  THE 

another.  These  dikes  are  commonly  from  two  to  ten  feet 
wide,  standing  nearly  vertical,  trending  somewhat  east  of 
north  with  rather  direct  courses.  They  are  found  on  low- 
land and  highland,  from  water's  edge  to  mountain  top. 
They  nowhere  exhibit  the  smallest  indication  of  overflow ; 
even  over  the  summit  of  Green  Mountain  they  are  as  dense 
and  as  well  contained  within  their  walls  as  at  sea  level. 
Hence,  when  they  were  intruded,  the  rocky  mass  must 
have  risen  above  the  mountain  tops  of  to-day.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  their  lavas  may  have  reached  the  surface  of 
their  time,  and  may  have  there  overflowed,  much  in  the 
same  way  as  the  felsites  overflowed  on  a  lower  surface 
long  before  ;  but  we  have  no  evidence  of  such  surface 
action.  The  dikes,  as  now  revealed,  are  deep  structures, 
and  with  the  diorites  and  granites  proclaim  the  greater 
mass  that  the  rocks  once  possessed,  and  the  wasting  that 
the  region  has  since  then  suffered. 

THE  GREAT  DENUDATION. 

If  the  greenish  schists  are  older  than  the  bedded  rocks, 
as  may  be  supposed,  it  is  eminently  possible  that  the 
unrecorded  time  between  the  deposition  of  the  two  series 
witnessed  a  denudation  as  great  as  that  which  we  have 
now  to  consider  ;  but  our  attention  cannot  be  well  directed 
to  that  long  lost  chapter  of  the  Island's  history.  The 
chapter  is  at  present  only  a  matter  of  fair  inference,  and 
it  never  can  be  fully  reconstructed.  It  is  like  those  many 
lapsed  periods  of  ancient  human  history,  unmarked  by 
records  of  great  battles  or  by  the  dethronement  of  kings, 
over  which  our  imagination  passes  so  lightly,  and  with  so 
little  appreciation  of  all  that  they  contained.  But  with 
the  later  denudation,  by  which  the  present  form  of  the 
Island  has  been  fashioned,  we  have  much  to  do.  It  calls 
for  study  as  attentive  as  that  by  which  the  making  of  the 
rocks  is  discovered.  A  full  understanding  of  the  geological 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  57 

history  of  a  region  requires  an  examination  of  the  records 
of  denudation,  as  well  as  of  those  of  accumulation.  It  is 
likely  that  Nature  gave  quite  as  much  time  to  wearing 
down  as  to  building  up  the  Island ;  and  we  may  well  follow 
her  example  in  the  division  of  our  sections. 

The  reasons  for  believing  that  the  Island  and  the  adjacent 
mainland  have  lost  much  of  the  rock  mass  that  once  existed 
above  their  present  surface  may  be  briefly  stated.  We  first 
notice  that,  if  the  tilted  beds  of  the  stratified  and  volcanic 
series  were  again  extended  upwards  into  the  air  from  their 
present  denuded  edges,  a  great  increase  would  be  given  to 
the  altitude  of  the  surface.  This  is  not  merely  a  local  mat- 
ter. The  same  conclusion  is  reached  all  along  the  New 
England  coast,  and  far  inland.  The  rocks  of  the  whole 
region  are  greatly  disordered,  much  as  rocks  are  in  lofty 
mountains,  and  the  edges  of  the  strata  as  now  revealed 
are  by  no  means  the  original  edges.  How  far  they  once 
extended  upwards  cannot  be  stated ;  but  the  distance 
should  be  estimated  in  thousands  of  feet  rather  than  in 
hundreds. 

The  evidence  thus  derived  from  the  attitude  of  the 
bedded  rocks  is  confirmed  by  the  features  of  the  intrusive 
rocks,  —  the  diorites,  the  granite,  and  the  trap  dikes.  None 
of  these  exhibit  any  trace  of  surface  extrusion,  such  as  is 
so  plainly  manifested  in  the  more  ancient  felsites.  Hence 
we  must  suppose  that,  since  the  felsites  were  extruded,  a 
great  accumulation  of  superincumbent  materials  was  loaded 
upon  the  region,  and  that  it  was  upwards  into  this  heavy 
accumulation  that  the  intrusive  rocks  were  thrust.  It  is 
quite  probable  that  during  the  time  of  accumulation  and 
intrusion  the  whole  region  stood  lower  than  it  now  does, 
even  so  low  that  its  surface  then  was  near  or  below  sea 
level.  As  long  as  this  low  stand  was  maintained,  further 
accumulation  would  be  natural  enough,  and  denudation 
would  be  postponed.  No  limits  of  quantity  or  time  can 


58  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

now  be  placed  to  the  era  of  accumulation ;  but  it  was  closed 
at  last  by  elevation,  and  with  that  change  the  present  chap- 
ter in  the  history  of  the  Island  was  opened.  Judging  by 
the  tilted  and  twisted  attitude  of  the  bedded  rocks,  both  on 
the  Island  and  elsewhere  in  New  England,  it  is  probable 
that  the  time  of  elevation  was  a  time  of  mountain  growth, 
when  the  rocks  were  deformed  as  well  as  uplifted.  The 
coast  line  must  then  have  been  pushed  farther  out  to  sea, 
nearer  to  the  margin  of  our  continental  shelf.  The  moun- 
tains may  have  risen  as  high  as  the  Alps ;  they  may  have 
borne  glaciers  on  their  upper  slopes ;  great  rivers  may  have 
drained  their  valleys.  The  rocks  may  have  suffered  moun- 
tainous deformation  at  more  than  one  period,  writhing 
under  successive  applications  of  crushing  forces,  after  the 
fashion  of  mountains  of  more  recent  construction,  whose 
building  is  better  known.  During,  between,  and  after  the 
periods  of  crushing,  the  forces  of  the  atmosphere  maintained 
their  ceaseless  attack  on  the  exposed  surface  ;  and  their 
final  success  in  reducing  the  ancient  mountains  so  nearly 
to  a  lowland  reminds  one  that  the  persevering  tortoise  over- 
took the  spasmodic  hare. 

The  lack  of  definiteness  by  which  this  section  is  charac- 
terized may  make  appreciation  of  it  more  difficult  than 
of  one  which,  like  the  section  on  the  intrusion  of  the 
granite,  is  accompanied  by  specific  illustration  at  every 
step.  All  the  more  patiently,  therefore,  should  the  reader 
pass  in  review  the  scenes  of  existing  mountains,  having 
faith  that  where  mountain  roots  are  now  exposed,  there 
mountain  heads  once  arose.  Just  as  he  might  recall,  while 
resting  on  the  prostrate  trunk  of  an  old  moss-covered 
forest  tree  the  early  sprouting  of  its  seed,  its  adolescent 
growth  above  the  lowlier  bushes,  its  mature  attainment  of 
forest  height,  its  fall  and  decay  in  old  age  :  so  he  must 
picture  the  young  mountains  once  rising  along  what  is  now 
the  New  England  coast ;  he  must  see  them  grow  once  and 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  59 

again,  rearing  their  crests  to  the  height  of  the  clouds  ;  he 
must  watch  them  slowly,  slowly  wearing  away  till  only 
their  roots  remain.  Even  as  we  are  told  that  in  man 
death  begins  with  birth,  so  with  the  mountains :  their 
wasting  begins  as  they  first  rise  above  the  sea,  and,  how- 
ever lofty  they  grow,  they  must  in  the  end  be  prostrated. 
Energetic  mountains  of  great  altitude,  so  young  that  they 
are  still  high  and  growing,  are  not  the  only  kind  of  moun- 
tains that  cross  the  face  of  the  earth.  Many  a  mountain 
range,  once  lofty,  has  been  laid  low ;  and  it  is  as  a  part  of 
such  a  range  that  we  must  regard  both  the  highlands  and 
lowlands  of  Mount  Desert. 

The  narrow  limits  of  the  Island  suffice  to  give  us  an 
understanding  of  its  granitic  belt ;  but  in  the  present  sec- 
tion the  Island  must  be  regarded  merely  as  a  part  of  New 
England.  It  is  only  from  a  general  survey  of  a  consider- 
able area  that  a  just  view  of  its  parts  can  be  gained.  Let 
the  reader,  therefore,  now  recollect  what  he  has  seen  of 
New  England  elsewhere,  and  follow  a  rapid  sketch  of  its 
history  as  a  wasting  land. 

Although  New  England  is  a  rugged  country,  an  extended 
view  from  its  hill  tops  brings  to  sight  a  comparatively  even 
sky  line,  at  whose  elevation  extensive  uplands  often  stretch 
many  miles  without  great  inequality  of  height.  The  moun- 
tains that  rise  above  this  sky  line  and  the  valleys  that  sink 
below  it  may  be  for  the  moment  left  out  of  consideration. 
The  upland  is  the  most  general  feature  of  inner  New  Eng- 
land, and  must  be  distinctly  recognized.  This  upland 
surface,  gradually  descending  towards  the  seacoast,  merges 
into  the  lowland  that  was  mentioned  in  the  first  sentence 
of  this  essay.  The  whole  is  manifestly  a  surface  of  denuda- 
tion, for  its  stratified  rocks  are  nearly  always  exposed  on 
edge,  and  their  former  extension  has  been  greatly  cur- 
tailed ;  while  its  crystalline  rocks  in  almost  every  case  pos- 
sess a  coarseness  of  texture  and  a  structural  relation  to 


60  AN  OUTLINE   OF  THE 

their  surroundings  that  indicate  intrusion  at  great  depths 
beneath  the  surface  of  their  time.  Now  it  is  a  law,  well 
demonstrated  in  the  science  of  land  sculpture,  that  an  even 
upland  of  large  extent,  like  that  of  the  New  England  pla- 
teau, in  which  there  is  at  present  no  sympathy  between 
rock  structure  and  surface  form,  can  be  produced  only  in 
the  later  stages  of  a  long  cycle  of  denudation,  when  the 
region  has  wasted  from  whatever  height  it  once  possessed 
nearly  down  to  sea  level,  or  base  level  as  it  is  conveniently 
called.  The  New  England  upland  was  therefore  once,  not 
only  at  its  margin  as  now,  but  across  its  whole  extent,  a 
lowland  of  denudation  standing  near  sea  level;  and  its 
present  elevation  must  have  been  given  to  it  at  some  sub- 
sequent time  by  an  unequal  tilting  which  depressed  part 
of  its  former  extent  beneath  the  sea,  and  which  raised  the 
inner  portion  of  its  area  one  or  two  thousand  feet. 

The  reader  must  guard  against  making  too  even  a 
picture  of  this  ancient  plain  of  denudation.  It  was  by 
no  means  a  dead-level  plain,  but  a  rolling  surface  of  mod- 
erate relief, —  an  almost  plain  surface,  for  which  I  have 
coined  the  term  peneplain.  During  the  long  cycle  of 
denudation,  the  region  was  not  entirely  worn  down  to  sea 
level,  but  it  was  greatly  reduced  from  the  height  that  it 
once  possessed,  and  only  low  hills  remained  to  represent 
most  of  its  ancient  mountains.  At  certain  points,  not 
even  the  peneplain  stage  was  reached.  The  view  across 
the  New  England  upland  nearly  always  includes,  in  one 
direction  or  another,  an  eminence  rising  above  the  general 
sky  line ;  and  of  such,  Monadnock  in  southwestern  New 
Hampshire  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  examples.  These 
eminences,  once  overlooking  the  lowland,  but  now  overlook- 
ing the  plateau,  are  residual  mountains,  which  by  reason 
of  their  excessive  hardness  escaped  the  nearly  complete 
denudation  that  the  rest  of  the  peneplain  suffered.  The 
White  Mountains  seem  to  be  simply  a  cluster  of  Monad- 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  61 

nocks.  The  range  of  Mount  Desert  is  a  series  of 
Monadnocks,  close  to  the  line  where  the  sea  now  lies 
on  the  land. 

It  is  only  in  a  later  cycle  of  denudation,  since  the  low- 
land peneplain  was  uplifted  into  a  rolling  plateau  inclining 
towards  the  sea,  that  the  valleys  of  New  England  were 
carved  out.  Where  the  plateau  rose  high,  the  valleys 
have  been  cut  deep  ;  where  it  rose  but  little,  there  are  only 
shallow  trenches  in  the  upland.  Where  the  rocks  of  the 
uplifted  peneplain  are  relatively  hard,  the  valleys  are  as 
yet,  in  the  present  cycle  of  denudation,  opened  only  to  a 
moderate  width ;  where  the  rocks  are  weak,  the  valleys 
are  opened  so  wide  that  new  local  lowlands,  local  pene- 
plains of  the  second  order,  or  of  a  second  generation,  have 
been  developed.  Thus  the  rocky  floor  of  New  England 
is  diversified,  and  of  this  rocky  floor  Mount  Desert  is  a 
little  part. 

Just  as  we  must  avoid  too  artificial  a  conception  of  the 
plain  to  which  New  England  was  reduced  by  the  great 
denudation,  so  we  must  guard  against  too  rigid  an  assump- 
tion of  a  perfect  standstill  of  the  land  during  either  the 
greater  or  the  lesser  cycle  of  its  degradation,  and  too 
violent  an  assumption  of  its  immediate  ascent  from  a 
lower  to  a  higher  altitude.  It  is  most  probable  that  many 
minor  oscillations  of  level  occurred  during  the  cycle  while 
the  peneplain  was  in  development,  and  that  the  elevation 
and  tilting  of  the  peneplain  into  the  inclined  upland  was  so 
gently  accomplished,  that,  had  we  then  been  here  to  watch 
its  rise,  we  might  have  watched  in  vain  during  our  too  brief 
centuries.  It  is  also  probable  that,  since  the  uplift  and 
the  beginning  of  the  new  cycle  in  which  the  valleys  have 
been  etched  out,  minor  oscillations  have  again  upheaved 
and  depressed  the  land.  It  is  only  the  greater  changes 
of  level  that  can  be  detected  in  the  more  remote  history 
of  the  sculpture  of  the  land  ;  it  is  only  as  we  come  close  to 


02  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

the  present  time  that  the  minute  records  of  slight  and 
brief  oscillations  can  be  detected.  The  moderate  depres- 
sion by  which  our  lower  valleys  have  been,  as  we  shall  see, 
drowned  into  bays,  and  the  lesser  elevation  by  which  our 
coastal  slope  has  risen  with  a  half-smooth  sea  cover  on  its 
back  are  important  to  us,  not  by  reason  of  their  magnitude 
or  their  duration,  but  simply  by  reason  of  their  recency. 
They  must  not  be  regarded  as  exceptional,  but  only  as 
giving  indication  of  the  uneasiness  that  most  likely  always 
has  and  always  will  characterize  the  land. 

There  is  nothing  on  Mount  Desert,  or  on  the  coast  of 
Maine,  that  suffices  to  define  the  geological  date  of  the 
elevation  by  which  the  two  cycles  of  denudation  just 
described  were  separated ;  yet  when  the  field  of  inquiry 
is  extended  so  as  to  include  all  parts  of  the  uplifted 
peneplain,  which  is  found  to  spread  far  to  the  southwest, 
even  to  Alabama,  its  denudation  may  be  correlated  with 
the  deposition  of  various  fossiliferous  sediments,  and  thus 
the  completion  of  the  peneplain  may  be  placed  in  its 
proper  position  in  geological  chronology.  Strata  of  late 
Cretaceous  age  in  New  Jersey  are  found  overlapping  the 
seaward  margin  of  the  peneplain ;  hence  it  is  believed  to 
have  been  fairly  well  completed  in  late  Cretaceous  time ; 
and  the  period  of  its  elevation  and  consequent  etching  is 
regarded  as  post-Cretaceous,  or  somewhere  in  the  Tertiary 
period.  This  is  manifestly  rather  indefinite  ;  future  inves- 
tigations will  probably  define  it  more  sharply  ;  but  it  is  a 
significant  step  in  the  right  direction.  Before  this  small 
step  was  made,  the  date  of  the  denudation  of  New  Eng- 
land was  entirely  unfixed,  and  very  diverse  views  were 
held  on  this  subject.  The  making  of  the  peneplain  was 
by  some  thought  to  be  as  old  as  the  red  sandstones  of  the 
Triassic  formation  in  the  Connecticut  valley ;  and  the 
valleys  were  considered  by  others  to  be  as  young  as  the 
time  of  the  ice  invasion,  to  whose  erosive  powers  they 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESEKT.  63 

were  ascribed.     The  truth  as  it  now  appears  lies  between 
these  extremes. 

The  geological  dates  of  the  intrusions  and  deformations 
that  the  Island  has  suffered  are  even  more  indefinite  than 
the  times  of  its  denudation.  Accepting  the  provisional 
date  of  Cambrian  for  the  lower  members  of  the  bedded 
series,  and  late  Cretaceous  for  the  end  of  the  denudation 
of  the  peneplain,  the  deformations  and  intrusions  must  be 
placed  somewhere  within  the  long  intermediate  interval. 
This  is  like  saying  that  a  certain  battle  occurred  some- 
where between  the  time  of  the  founding  of  Rome  and  the 
invention  of  printing ;  but  if  its  date  had  been  previously 
still  less  determinate  than  this,  we  should  be  glad  enough 
to  have  even  so  wide  a  limitation  of  its  occurrence.  It 
is  probable  that  comparisons  of  the  structure  of  Mount 
Desert  with  similar  structures  in  other  parts  of  New  Eng- 
land will  in  future  suffice  to  set  narrower  limits  to  the 
dates  of  several  of  the  events  whose  time  of  occurrence  is 
now  so  loosely  circumscribed. 

THE  GLACIAL  INVASION. 

It  was  over  a  country  thus  made  and  unmade,  over  an 
uplifted  peneplain  surmounted  by  isolated  and  clustered 
Monadnocks,  and  dissected  by  newly  etched  valleys  and 
valley  lowlands,  that  the  ice  sheet  crept  down  from  the 
north.  I  shall  not  enter  on  the  cause  of  its  coming,  or 
on  its  source  ;  suffice  it  to  call  attention  to  the  manifest 
marks  of  its  presence.  Wherever  the  rocky  floor  of  the 
Island,  or  of  almost  any  part  of  New  England,  is  freshly 
uncovered,  it  is  found  to  be  more  or  less  smoothed  or 
rounded  and  distinctly  striated  or  grooved,  as  if  it  had 
been  severely  rubbed  down  by  some  gritty  burnisher.  Such 
surfaces  may  be  seen  at  innumerable  points  along  the  rocky 
shore  of  Mount  Desert,  where  the  drift  has  lately  been 
stripped  off  and  where  the  waves  have  not  yet  made 


64  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

successful  attack.  On  the  mountain  tops  the  striae  are 
weathered  off,  but  the  rounded  form  of  many  ledges  is  a 
significant  product  of  glacial  action.  The  striae  trend  to 
the  east  of  south,  sometimes  deflected  to  one  side  or  the 
other  by  the  uneven  form  of  the  hills  and  mountains, 
but  generally  persisting  rather  regularly  in  their  course. 
These  markings  are  so  perfectly  matched  by  those  seen 
on  the  rocks  under  the  creeping  ice  streams  of  Switzer- 
land, or  alongside  of  the  decaying  ice  sheet  of  Alaska, 
that  it  is  unreasonable  to  doubt  that  they  were  produced 
in  the  same  way.  Mount  Desert,  Maine,  New  England,  all 
our  northern  States  and  Canada  beyond  them,  are  thus 
engraved ;  over  all  of  them  once  lay  an  ice  sheet  at  least 
twice  as  large  as  that  which  now  swathes  Greenland ;  and 
this  so  little  time  ago  that  the  ice  scorings  are  still  fresh, 
where  protected  only  by  a  thin  layer  of  drift.  The  ice 
moved  outwards  towards  its  margin;  and  in  Maine  this 
was  to  the  south-southeast.  We  must  imagine  it  advan- 
cing beyond  the  present  coast  line,  and  terminating  in  an 
ice  wall  in  the  sea,  yielding  innumerable  icebergs  to  float 
for  a  time  southward  in  the  cold  'long-shore  current. 

There  is  a  curious  transportation  of  boulders  that  must 
be  associated  with  the  glacial  scoring  of  the  rocks,  for  it 
runs  in  the  same  direction,  and  it  is  of  too  great  an  amount 
to  be  of  postglacial  date.  It  is  true  that  on  the  young 
sea  cliffs,  and  at  the  foot  of  many  of  the  steeper  ledges 
on  the  mountain  sides,  the  wasting  of  the  rock  progresses 
rapidly,  and  blocks  have  been  loosened  and  moved  over 
short  distances,  or  have  fallen  down  the  talus  slopes,  since 
the  ice  sheet  retreated  ;  but  so  local  a  distribution  of  rock 
fragments  will  by  no  means  account  for  the  long  carriage 
of  the  innumerable  boulders  that  are  scattered  far  and 
wide  over  the  country.  Boulders  of  the  easily  recognized 
greenish  schists  of  the  western  coast  of  the  Island  are 
found  removed  southward  from  their  parent  ledges,  in 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  65 

areas  underlain  by  rocks  of  other  kinds.  Boulders  from 
the  granite  of  the  central  belt  are  moved  southward  in 
plenty  over  the  surface  of  the  bedded  and  volcanic  rocks. 
Not  only  so ;  blocks  of  a  coarse  gray  granite,  easily  known 
by  its  large  crystals  of  whitish  feldspar,  but  not  occurring 
in  the  rocky  structure  of  the  island,  are  found  here  and 
there  over  its  surface.  They  come  .from  the  mainland, 
where  this  kind  of  granite  is  well  known.  One  of  these 
boulders  was  to  be  seen,  some  years  ago,  close  to  the 
summit  of  Green  Mountain.  Further  than  this,  there  are 
fragments,  generally  of  less  than  a  foot  in  diameter,  of  a 
fossiliferous  shaly  flagstone,  sparingly  distributed  over  the 
western  half  of  the  Island  ;  these  are  easily  identified  as 
belonging  to  a  belt  of  Devonian  strata  some  miles  north- 
ward from  the  mainland  coast.  No  such  rocks  occur  in 
place  on  the  Island.  All  of  this  peculiar  transportation  of 
erratic  boulders  is  ascribed  to  the  ice  sheet,  aided  in  some 
cases  by  its  subglacial  streams.  The  boulders  are  simply 
the  larger  fragments  that  the  ice  sheet  dragged  along 
beneath  it,  or  carried  in  its  lower  portion. 

The  unconsolidated  drift  by  which  the  lower  rocky  floor 
of  the  island  is  generally  covered  frequently  possesses  a 
structure  that  gives  still  further  indication  of  land-ice 
action.  Its  lower  part,  lying  close  packed  on  the  striated 
bedrock,  is  a  compact  unstratified  mass  of  stones,  sand, 
and  clay ;  the  stones  are  of  both  local  and  distant  origin, 
being  more  worn  and  striated  if  from  a  distance,  while 
those  that  have  been  brought  but  a  little  way  show  fewer 
signs  of  severe  usage.  Deposits  of  this  kind  are  called  by 
the  Scotch  name,  till.  They  are  very  generally  spread  over 
the  New  England  plateau,  where  they  diminish  the  rugged- 
ness  of  the  rocky  surface.  Till  also  occurs  in  the  valleys ; 
but  here  it  is  often  covered  over  by  water-washed  sands  or 
clays  of  somewhat  later  date.  On  the  "  Monadnocks,"  the 

till  is  scanty :   above  five  or  six  hundred  feet,  the  Mount 

5 


66  AN  OUTLINE   OF  THE 

Desert  range  exposes  a  large  surface  of  bare  rock.  In 
many  parts  of  New  England,  the  till  is  accumulated  in 
large  rounded  hills,  of  oval  outline  and  smoothly  rounded 
profile,  called  by  the  Irish  name,  drumlins.  These  are 
common  in  the  neighborhood  of  Boston,  and  further  inland 
about  Brookfield  and  Pomfret;  but  with  half  an  exception 
they  are  absent  on  Mount  Desert.  This  half  exception  is 
the  long  smooth  northern  slope  of  Beech  Hill,  southwest 
of  Somesville;  apparently  a  deposit  of  till  simulating  a 
half-drumlin  form,  extending  only  northward  from  the 
rocky  knob  of  the  hill  summit ;  while  to  the  south,  where 
a  completed  drumlin  would  descend  symmetrically,  there 
is  a  rocky  slope. 

Under  the  ice  and  in  its  lower  part  many  blocks  were 
moved  from  their  native  ledges ;  the  preglacial  soil  was 
scraped  off,  and  the  rock  beneath  was  rubbed  down.  Val- 
leys were  deepened  and  hills  were  degraded  ;  but  by  com- 
paring regions  inside  and  outside  of  the  glaciated  area,  it  is 
plain  that  as  a  rule  no  great  erosion  of  hard  rocks  must  be 
attributed  to  glacial  action.  The  excavation  of  our  valleys 
in  the  uplifted  peneplain  was  a  large  piece  of  work  com- 
pared to  the  scraping  of  the  surface  by  the  ice  sheet ;  and 
the  time  required  for  the  valley  making  was  much  longer 
than  the  duration  of  the  ice  invasion.  Yet  on  Mount 
Desert  there  are  certain  considerable  topographic  features 
whose  origin  has  no  other  explanation  than  excavation  by 
the  rough-shod  ice.  These  are  the  deep  transverse  valleys 
by  which  the  mountain  range  is  so  curiously  divided.  In 
its  moderate  length  of  twelve  miles,  it  is  notched  almost 
down  to  or  beneath  sea  level  no  less  than  nine  times. 
Instead  of  a  mountain  ridge  as  continuous  as  the  granite 
of  the  central  belt,  we  have  a  beautifully  diversified  succes- 
sion of  rounded  domes,  separated  by  deep  gorges ;  and  in 
nearly  every  gorge  there  is  a  lake  or  an  arm  of  the  sea, 
almost  directly  in  the  axis  of  the  range.  There  is  no 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.          67 

understanding  of  this  exceptional  form,  unless  it  can  be 
explained  as  a  glacial  modification  of  a  mountain  range 
previously  serrated  by  transverse  notches  of  moderate 
depth,  down  from  which  lateral  ravines  descended  to  the 
lowlands,  north  and  south.  It  has  therefore  been  sup- 
posed that  the  more  rapid  flow  of  the  ice  through  these 
preglacial  passes  gouged  them  out  as  deep  as  the  open 
lowland  on  either  side,  or  even  deeper. 

There  are  few  well  marked  examples  on  Mount  Desert 
of  the  curious  deposits  of  gravel  and  sand,  elsewhere  com- 
mon enough  in  New  England,  that  were  formed  during  the 
closing  stages  of  the  ice  period.  Many  of  the  mainland 
valleys  are  half  clogged  with  heaps,  ridges,  or  plains  of 
these  loose  materials,  lying  upon  scored  rock  or  upon  a 
varying  sheet  of  till ;  their  origin  being  ascribed  to  streams 
that  ran  from  the  waning  ice  sheet,  discharging  their  load 
of  sand  and  gravel  in  the  open  spaces  along  the  ice  border. 
The  absence  of  such  gravels  on  Mount  Desert  would  imply 
that  during  the  disappearance  of  the  ice  sheet  the  streams 
from  the  mainland  avoided  the  island,  and  followed  by 
preference  the  lower  districts  east  or  west.  The  surface 
deposits  of  drift  are,  however,  frequently  of  a  gravelly 
nature,  especially  at  altitudes  above  that  of  the  clays  later 
described,  and  below  elevations  of  four  to  six  hundred  feet ; 
and  these  may  be  ascribed  to  the  wash  of  streams  and 
currents  as  the  ice  melted  away.  Above  the  head  of  Bass 
Harbor,  they  attain  an  uneven  form,  characteristic  of  the 
gravel  mounds  or  kames  of  the  mainland  ;  but  this  is 
exceptional  on  the  Island. 

POSTGLACIAL  HISTORY. 

What  with  the  deepening  of  the  transverse  valleys  and 
the  irregular  deposition  of  the  till  over  the  rocky  floor, 
we  find  the  drainage  of  the  Island  peculiarly  embarrassed 
since  the  disappearance  of  the  ice.  In  preglacial  time, 


68  AN  OUTLINE   OF  THE 

when  the  drainage  lines  had  been  for  a  long  time  under 
control  of  sub-aerial  streams,  it  is  most  probable  that  there 
were  no  lakes  on  the  Island  in  which  the  streams  were 
detained  on  their  way  to  the  sea ;  now  there  are  twelve 
lakes,  several  of  them  of  good  size  and  most  picturesquely 
placed  amid  the  mountains.  If  the  land  stood  a  little 
higher,  Somes  Sound  would  be  transformed  into  a  lake, 
for  its  waters  are  deeper  in  the  line  of  the  mountain  range 
than  farther  south  at  its  Narrows.  It  is  interesting  to 
notice  that  the  streams  which  enter  Denning  Pond  (Echo 
Lake)  and  Great  Pond  come  from  the  south,  the  head- 
waters of  the  latter  lying  distinctly  beyond  the  axis  of  the 
range  ;  and  that  the  northward  outlets  of  these  lakes  lead 
their  waters  into  the  head  of  Somes  Sound,  through  which 
they  pass  back  again  southward  across  the  line  of  the 
range  to  the  sea.  Such  an  arrangement  of  streams  would 
be  unnatural  or  impossible  in  a  region  whose  drainage 
had  been  developed  under  the  ordinary  processes  of  at- 
mospheric wasting;  and  must  be,  with  the  occurrence  of 
the  lakes  deep  in  the  mountain  axis,  referred  to  glacial 
action.  It  is  noteworthy,  however,  that  while  the  rock 
scorings,  the  transported  boulders,  and  the  till  are  all 
taken  as  demonstrating  the  existence  of  an  ice  sheet  in 
the  recent  past,  the  occurrence  of  the  lakes  and  of  the 
reversed  or  northward  drainage  is  not  generally  regarded 
as  belonging  in  the  same  demonstrative  category.  The 
latter  facts  may  be  plausibly  explained  by  the  action  of 
the  ice,  the  existence  of  which  is  to  be  otherwise  demon- 
strated, rather  than  regarded  as  independent  indications 
of  ice  action,  even  in  the  absence  of  other  evidence. 

The  altitude  of  the  land  at  the  time  when  the  ice  inva- 
sion began  is  not  known,  except  that  for  a  considerable 
preglacial  time  it  must  have  been  somewhat  higher  than 
now,  to  allow  the  excavation  as  land  valleys  of  the  many 
arms  of  the  sea  that  now  break  up  the  coast  line  of  Maine, 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  69 

But  at  the  closing  stages  of  the  ice  invasion  and  for  a  time 
afterwards,  the  land  must  have  stood  lower  than  now ;  for 
beds  of  stratified  clay  bearing  marine  fossils  are  found  at 
various  points  on  the  lowland  of  the  Island  and  the  main- 
land, up  to  about  two  hundred  feet  above  the  present  sea 
level.  Judging  by  the  relation  of  these  clays  to  the  washed 
gravels  and  sands  on  the  higher  slopes,  it  is  probable  that 
the  submergence  about  the  close  of  glacial  time  amounted 
here  to  at  least  three  hundred  feet.  The  clays  are  relatively 
scanty  on  the  southern  side  of  the  Island  ;  they  are  exposed 
above  the  shores  of  Wasgatt  Cove,  near  the  Narrows  of 
Somes  Sound,  and  in  Seal  Harbor.  On  the  northern  low- 
land, they  have  a  wide  extension,  and  conceal  the  rocky 
floor  over  much  of  the  district.  On  the  mainland,  the 
clays  and  sands  are  so  plentiful  over  the  coastal  lowland 
that  they  greatly  diminish  the  ruggedness  of  the  rolling 
foundation  on  which  they  lie ;  and  they  efficiently  aid  the 
deposits  of  till  in  displacing  the  rivers  from  their  preglacial 
courses. 

During  the  depression  indicated  by  these  stratified  de- 
posits, Mount  Desert  was  not  a  single  island,  but  a  row  of 
imperfectly  connected  mountains.  Somes  Sound  was  then 
a  thoroughfare,  and  had  several  fellows  on  either  side. 
Nearly  all  the  lower  stretches  of  the  Island  were  sub- 
merged. Not  only  so ;  at  that  time  the  scanty  remnants 
of  rocks  other  than  the  granite,  now  visible  in  patches 
along  the  shore,  must  have  been  entirely  concealed  beneath 
the  sea.  The  geological  structure  then  visible  would  have 
been  extremely  simple. 

The  depression  of  the  land  about  the  close  of  the  glacial 
period  cannot  have  been  maintained  long  at  any  one  level, 
for  nowhere  on  the  slopes  of  the  island  are  there  shore 
lines  of  as  great  distinctness  as  those  which  mark  the 
present  margin  of  the  sea.  A  depression  of  much  more 
than  three  hundred  feet  has  been  inferred  by  Professor 


70  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 

Shaler,  but  if  it  amounted  to  as  great  a  measure  as  he 
concludes  it  must  have  been  of  brief  duration,  as  its 
records  are  indistinct. 

At  the  present  time  the  land  has  but  partially  recovered 
from  the  late  glacial  submergence.  Many  of  the  preglacial 
valleys  and  valley  lowlands  are  submerged  as  sounds  and 
bays,  and  the  coast  line  is  probably  at  least  twenty  or 
thirty  miles  farther  inland  than  it  was  in  preglacial  time. 
It  is  for  this  reason  that  Mount  Desert  is  isolated  from 
the  mainland,  and  that  the  many  other  islands  fringe  the 
coast.  All  of  these  were  once  hills  on  a  coastal  lowland, 
and  when  thus  exposed  there  would  have  been  better 
opportunity  than  now  of  discovering  the  true  history  of 
the  pre-granitic  rocks. 

While  in  its  present  attitude,  the  s'ea  has  begun  to  make 
its  mark  along  the  shore.  As  is  the  habit  on  steep  coasts 
of  hard  rock,  the  waves  excavate  caves  wherever  the  rate 
of  cutting  on  the  water  line  at  the  base  of  the  slope  is 
faster  than  the  wasting  of  the  slope  above ;  but  it  is 
seldom  that  this  relation  is  found  unless  aided  by  joints  or 
other  lines  of  structural  weakness  in  the  rocks  near  sea 
level.  Generally  the  wasting  of  the  face  of  the  slope  on 
young  shore  lines  about  keeps  pace  with  the  undercutting 
of  the  waves  at  the  base ;  and  thus  a  rocky  bench  is 
formed  a  little  below  water  level,  surmounted  by  such 
vertical  faces  as  Great  Head  and  Otter  Cliffs.  A  consid- 
erable part  of  our  rocky  shore  is  benched  in  this  manner, 
but  less  emphatically.  At  other  parts  of  the  shore,  where 
the  land  slope  is  more  gentle,  yet  well  exposed  to  in  rolling 
surf,  the  loose  rocks  gathered  from  the  adjacent  headlands, 
and  carried  in  by  storm  waves  from  the  shelving  bottom, 
are  thrown  along  the  water's  edge  a  little  beyond  high- 
water  mark,  making  a  sea  wall,  such  as  occurs  in  a 
re-entrant  on  the  shore  south  of  Southwest  Harbor.  In 
more  protected  situations,  the  embankment  formed  by  the 


GEOLOGY  OF  MOUNT  DESERT.  71 

waves  consists  only  of  cobble  stones,  or  of  gravel  and 
sand,  as  at  various  points  along  the  western  coast.  The 
embankment  may  be  built  across  the  mouth  of  a  bay,  thus 
enclosing  Long  Pond  from  Bracy  Cove,  east  of  Northeast 
Harbor ;  or  it  may  stretch  out  and  tie  an  island  to  the 
shore,  as  at  Bar  Harbor.  Bars  of  this  kind  are  better 
developed  on  sandier  and  shallower  shores  than  on  the 
steep  and  broken  coast  of  Mount  Desert. 

As  the  waves  rise  and  fall  in  broken  rhythm  on  the 
shore,  as  the  tide  flows  and  ebbs  across  the  littoral  belt, 
so  the  seas  of  former  times  have  risen  and  fallen  in 
uneven  measure  on  the  uneasy  land ;  the  rocks  have 
grown  and  wasted ;  the  ice  of  the  North  has  crept  down 
and  melted  away ;  —  all  shifting  back  and  forth  in  their 
cycles  of  change.  Only  one  scene  lies  before  us  of  the 
many  that  have  floated  through  the  past. 


FLORA    OF    MOUNT    DESERT. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS. 


SERIES  I.     PHANEROGAMIA  ;    FLOWERING  PLANTS. 

CLASS  I.    DICOTYLEDONES  ANGIOSPERME^]. 

DIVISION  I.    POLYPETAL^:. 

RANUNCULACE^E.     CROWFOOT  FAMILY. 

CLEMATIS,  L.     VIRGIN'S  BOWER. 
C.  Virginiana,  L. 

Thickets;  infrequent.  Wasgatt  Brook;  mouth  of  Hadlock 
Brook  (J.  L.  Wakefield) ;  —  Northeast  Harbor,  etc.  (Kand) ;  — 
Duck  Brook  (Kand,  F.  M.  Day);  — on  Doctors  Brook  (R.  & 
R.);  — Echo  Notch  (Redfield). 

ANEMONE,  L.    WIND-FLOWER. 
A.  nemorosa,  L. 

Rare;  apparently  occurring  only  in  the  southeastern  part 
of  the  Island.  Otter  Creek  (Grace  H.  Eliot) ;  —  near  Schooner 
Head  (Clara  L.  Walley,  Mary  Minot). 

THALICTRUM,  L.     MEADOW  RUE. 

T.  polygamum,  Muhl.     T.   Comuti,  Man.,  5th  ed.,  non  L.* 
Common  in  wet  ground,  by  streams,  etc. 

RANUNCULUS,  L.     CROWFOOT.     BUTTERCUP. 
R.  Cymbalaria,  Pursh.     SEASIDE  CROWFOOT. 
Sandy  or  muddy  shores  on  the  coast;  common. 

*  See  Trelease  in  Bot.  Gaz.,  xi.  92. 


76  FLOKA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

R.  Flammula,    L.,    var.   reptans    (L.),    E.  Meyer.      CHEEPING 

SPEARWORT. 

Gravelly  shores;  infrequent.  Pool  near  Schooner  Head  (Red- 
field,  G.  Hunt) ;  —  shores  of  Great  Pond;  Ripples  Pond  (Rand). 

R.  abortivus,   L.      SMALL-FLOWERED  CROWFOOT. 

Grassy  fields;  rare.  Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville;  Bar 
Harbor  (Rand).  Probably  introduced  in  grass  seed. 

R.  recurvatus,  Poir. 

Rare.     Hadlock  Valley  (Redfield). 
R.  repens,  L.      SPOTTED-LEAF  BUTTERCUP. 

Frequent  in  moist  ground  by  roadsides,  in  meadows,  etc. 
While  in  some  places,  as  by  roadsides,  this  species  is  doubt- 
less introduced,  it  appears  indigenous  in  others.  It  is  not 
so  abundant  on  the  Island  as  to  lead  to  any  strong  presump- 
tion of  its  general  introduction,  or  of  its  spreading  to  some 
remote  places. 

R.  ACRIS,  L.     TALL  BUTTERCUP. 

Common  everywhere.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

COPTIS,  Salisb.     GOLDTHREAD. 
C.  trifolia  (L.),  Salisb. 
Common  in  damp  woods. 

AQUILEGIA,  L.     COLUMBINE. 
A.  Canadensis,  L. 

Rare.     High  Head  (Rand);  — East  Point,   Seal  Harbor  (A. 
Cope). 
A.  VULGARIS,   L.      GARDEN  COLUMBINE. 

Occasional  by  roadsides  and  in  waste  places.  Escaped  from 
cultivation.  Near  Jordan  Pond  (Rand) ;  —  near  Ovens  (Green- 
leaf,  Lane  &  Rand)  ;_  Town  Hill  (R.  &  R.). 

ACTJEA,  L.     BANEBERRY. 
A.  alba  (L.),   Miller. 

Deep  woods ;  infrequent.  Sargent  Mt.  Gorge,  etc.  (Rand) ;  — 
Hadlock  Valley  (Redfield) ;  —  near  Bar  Harbor  (F.  M.  Day). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  77 

BERBERIDACE^E.     BARBERRY  FAMILY. 

BERBERIS,  L.     BARBERRY. 
B.    VULGARIS,  Li.      COMMON  BARBERRY. 

Escaped  from  gardens,  or  rarely  spontaneous.  Koadside  nortli 
of  Seal  Harbor, —  this  station  now  destroyed  (Eand,  Kedfield) ;  — 
clearing,  Canada  Valley  (Rand) ;  —  roadside  near  Norwood  Cove 
(Hand,  Annie  S.  Downs);  — Ox  Hill,  Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield). 

NYMPELEACE^E.    WATER-LILY  FAMILY. 
BRASENIA,  Schreb.     WATER  SHIELD. 

B.  peltata  (Thunb.),  Pursh. 

Abundant  in  Witch  Hole  (Kand,  Kedfield,  F.  M.  Day) ;  — 
Somes  Pond  (K.  &  K.,  M.  L.  Fernald)  j  —  Kipples  Pond  (Kand). 

NYMPH^A,  L.     WATER-LILY. 

N.  odorata,   Ait. 

Common  in  ponds  and  meadow  streams.  A  form  with  very 
small  flowers,  Mountain  Pond,  Sargent  Mt.  (Kand). 

NUPHAR,  Smith.      COW-LILY.     SPATTER  DOCK.     YELLOW 

POND-LILY. 
N.  advena,  Ait.  f. 

Common  in  ponds,  slow  streams,  and  bog  holes. 

SARRACENIACE^E.    PITCHER-PLANT  FAMILY. 
SARRACENIA,  L.     PITCHER-PLANT.     SIDE-SADDLE  FLOWER. 
S.  purpurea,  L. 

Common  in  peat  bogs. 

FUMARIACEJ3.    FUMITORY  FAMILY. 
CORYDALIS,  Vent. 

C.  glauca  (Moench),  Pursh. 

Kocky  ground  and  burnt  clearings ;  frequent,  but  nowhere  in 
great  abundance. 


78  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

FUMARIA,  L.     FUMITORY. 

F.    OFFICINALIS,   L. 

Waste  ground,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.).  Advent! ve 
from  Europe. 

CRUCIFER^E.     MUSTARD  FAMILY. 

CARDAMINE,  L.     BITTER  CRESS. 
C.  hirsuta,  L. 

Frequent  in  brooks  and  on  pond  shores.  So  far  as  known  the 
Island  plants  are  all  glabrous,  and  in  other  respects  do  not  cor- 
respond to  the  typical  European  plant.  Whether  our  common 
American  plant  is  not  specifically  distinct  seems  to  be  an  open 
question.  That  it  is  so  distinct,  see  N.  L.  Brittou,  Bull.  Torr. 
Bot.  Club,  xix.  219.  As,  however,  there  appear  to  be  inter- 
mediate forms,  perhaps  it  would  be  wiser  to  give  it  only  varietal 
rank.  The  Mt.  Desert  forms  can  perhaps  be  classified  under 
the  three  following  heads  for  convenience,  although  apparently 
there  are  no  well  defined  dividing  lines  between  them. 

(a)  Forma  Pennsylvania.  C.  Pennsylvania,  Muhl.  Gla- 
brous; large  and  leafy,  few,  if  any,  radical  leaves;  pods  linear; 
pedicels  somewhat  divergent.  Roadside  ditch  between  Town 
Hill  and  Northwest  Cove;  near  outlet  of  Great  Pond;  In- 
tervale Brook  (Rand). 

(|8)  Like  the  last,  but  with  widely  divergent  pedicels,  and 
thicker,  much  shorter  pods.  The  most  common  form.  Brook, 
Clark  Valley  ;  Cold  Brook  ;  Intervale  Brook  (Rand) ;  — 
Doctors  Brook  ;  Stanley  Brook  (Redfield)  ;  —  Deer  Brook 
(R.  &  R.). 

(•y)  A  form  more  nearly  corresponding  to  typical  C.  hirsuta. 
Glabrous  ;  radical  leaves  rosulate  ;  pedicels  erect  or  some- 
what spreading  ;  style  short  and  stout  ;  pods  variable  in 
length  and  thickness.  Shores  of  Northwest  Arm,  Great 
Pond  (Rand,  M.  L.  Fernald). 

C.  parviflora,  L. 

Leaflets  mostly  linear ;  radical  leaves  few  or  none ;  pods 
linear,  erect  on  spreading  pedicels.  In  dry  ground,  or  among 
moist  rocks;  rare.  Little  Duck  Island;  Flying  Mt.  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  79 

NASTURTIUM,  R.  Br.     WATER  CRESS. 
N.  palustre  (Leys.),  DC.     MARSH  CRESS. 

Kare.     Field,  Somesville  (Rand).     Doubtless  introduced. 

N.  ARMORACIA  (L.),  Fries.     HORSERADISH. 

Rare.  Escaped  from  cultivation  to  waste  places.  Somesville 
(Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

BARBAREA,  R.  Br.     WINTER  CRESS. 
B.  vulgaris,  R.  Br.      YELLOW  ROCKET. 

Rare.     Wayside,  Bar  Harbor  (Rand).     Lately  introduced. 

SISYMBRIUM,  L.     HEDGE  MUSTARD. 

S.    OFFICINALE  (L.),    Scop.        COMMON   HEDGE    MUSTARD. 

Roadsides  and  waste  places.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

BRASSICA,  L. 
B.    SlNAPlSTRUM,   Boiss.      CHARLOCK. 

Old  fields  and  waste  places  ;  infrequent.  Northeast  Har- 
bor; Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville  (Rand).  Adventive  from 
Europe. 

B.  NIGRA  (L.),   Koch.      BLACK  MUSTARD. 

Old  fields  and  waste  places;  frequent.  Northeast  Harbor; 
High  Head;  beach,  Greening  Island;  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
Adventive  from  Europe. 

B.  CAMPESTRIS,    L.      TURNIP. 

Old  fields  and  waste  places;  frequent.  Somesville  (R.  & 
R. ) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield)  ;  —  Southwest  Harbor ;  Northeast 
Harbor  (Rand).  Introduced  from  Europe. 

CAPSELLA,  Medic.     SHEPHERD'S  PURSE. 

C.  BURSA-PASTORIS  (L.),  Moench. 

A  common  weed, —  even  at  Duck  Islands  (Redfield).  Natural- 
ized from  Europe. 


80  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

LEPIDIUM,  L.     PEPPERGRASS. 
L.  Virginicum,  L. 

Roadsides  ;  rare.  Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald) ;  — 
Somesville  (Rand) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning).  Recently 
introduced  from  the  South. 

CAKILE,  Gsertn.     SEA  ROCKET. 
C.  Americana,  Nutt. 

Common  on  sea  beaches. 

RAPHANUS,  L.     RADISH. 
R.  RAPHANISTRUM,  L.     WILD  RADISH.    JOINTED  CHARLOCK. 

Old  fields  and  waste  places;  frequent.  Northeast  Harbor 
(W.  H.  Dunbar) ;  —  Southwest  Harbor ;  Beech  Hill ;  Somesville ; 
Bar  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

CISTACEJE.     ROCK-ROSE  FAMILY. 

HUDSONIA,  L. 
H.  ericoides,  L.      HEATH-LIKE  HUDSONIA. 

Frequent  on  mountain  summits.  Also  on  borders  of  Sea  Wall 
Swamp,  and  on  Bass  Harbor  road  (Annie  S.  Downs). 

LECHEA,  L.     PINWEED. 
L.  minor,  L.,  var. 

Very  common  in  dry  soil.  The  form  found  on  the  Island  cor- 
responds to  L.  intermedia,  Leggett  MS.  =  L.  Leggettii,  Britt.  & 
Holl.,  var.  intermedia  (Legg.),  Britt.  &  Holl., —  according  to 
Dr.  N.  L.  Britton. 

VIOLACE^E.     VIOLET  FAMILY. 

VIOLA,  L.     VIOLET. 
V.  palmata,  L.,  var.  cucullata  (Ait.),  Gray. 

Common,  mostly  in  moist  ground.     Very  variable.  • 
Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  pure  white.  Occasional.  Emery  District  (Wm.  C. 
Lane). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  81 

Forma  variegata. 

Flowers  blue,  mottled  with  white.  Occasional.  Southwest 
Harbor;  Somesville  (Band). 

V.  sagittata,  Ait.      ARROW-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Frequent  in  open  dry  ground,— -pastures  and  hillsides. 

V.  blanda,  Willd.     SWEET  WHITE  VIOLET. 
Common  in  wet  places. 

Var.   renifolia,  Gray.     KIDNEY-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Occasional.  Southwest  Harbor  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  E/and) ;  — 
old  Beech  Hill  road,  head  of  Norwood  Cove  (Rand). 

Var.  palustriformis,  Gray. 

Not  uncommon  in  mossy  ground.  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield) ;  — 
Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

V.  primulaefolia,  L.     PRIMROSE-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Infrequent.  Southwest  Harbor  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Eand, 
M.  L.  Fernald) ;  —  old  road  to  Beech  Hill,  head  of  Norwood 
Cove ;  shore  of  Pond  Heath  (Eand) . 

V.  lanceolata,  L.     LANCE-LEAVED  VIOLET. 
Common  in  wet  places  and  roadside  ditches. 

V.  canina,  L.,  var.  Muhlenbergii  (Torr.),  Gray.    DOG  VIOLET. 
Eare.    Bar  Harbor  (Margaret  A.  Eand). 

Var.  pubemla,  S.  Watson. 

Frequent  in  dry  soil.  High  Head;  pasture  near  Pond  Heath; 
Northwest  Cove  (Eand);  — Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot). 

V.  TRICOLOR,  L.     PANSY.    HEART'S-EASE.    LADIES'  DELIGHT. 

Escaped  from  cultivation.  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 
Adventive  from  Europe. 

6 


82  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CARYOPHYLLACE^E. 

DIANTHUS,  L.     PINK. 
D.   DELTOIDES,    L.      MAIDEN  PINK. 

Well  established  in  field,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot) ;  — field, 
Northeast  Harbor  (B.  E.  J.  Gresham).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

SAPONARIA,  L. 
S.  VACCAKIA,   L.     Cow  HERB. 

Uncommon.  By  roadside,  Town  Hill ;  in  old  grain  field,  South- 
west Harbor  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

SILENE,  L.     CATCHFLY.    CAMPION. 

S.    NOCTIFLORA,     L.       NlGHT-FLOWERING   CATCHFLY. 

Occasional  in  waste  places.  Roadside  near  Sargent  Cove; 
Somesville  ;  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand) .  Adventive  from  Europe. 

S.  ARMERIA,  L.      SWEET  WILLIAM  CATCHFLY. 

Occasionally  escaped  from  gardens  to  roadsides  and  waste 
places.  Southwest  Harbor;  Sea  Wall;  between  Fernald  and 
Norwood  Coves  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

S.  CUCUBALUS,  Wibel.    S.  inflata.  Smith.    BLADDER  CAMPION. 

Well  established  in  field,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot),  Ad- 
ventive from  Europe. 

S.   NUTANS,    L. 

Well  established  in  field,  Bar  Harbor,  although  not  abundant 
(Mary  Minot).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

LYCHNIS,  L.     COCKLE. 
L.  VESPERTINA,  Sibth.     EVENING  LYCHNIS.    WHITE  CAMPION. 

Rare.  Waste  ground,  Fernald  Point  (Rand).  Adventive 
from  Europe. 

L.  GlTHAGO  (L.),    Scop.     CORN  COCKLE. 

Fields  and  roadsides;  occasional.  Southwest  Harbor;  North- 
east Harbor  (Rand) ;  — Bracy  Cove  (Wm.  C.  Lane) ;  —  Seal  Har- 
bor (Redfield).  Adventive  from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  83 

ARENARIA,  L.     SANDWORT. 
A.  Grosnlandica  (Retz),  Spreng. 

Frequent  on  mountain  summits ;  often  on  rocky  hills  of  less 
altitude ;  and  less  frequently  on  headlands  and  rocky  shores  by 
the  sea,  as  at  Bar  Harbor  (Rand).  At  Mt.  Desert  this  plant 
blooms  throughout  the  entire  season  from  early  June  to  October, 
the  later  flowers,  however,  being  much  smaller  in  size  and  fewer 
in  number.  , 

A.  lateriflora,  L. 

Common;  fields,  thickets,  and  banks  by  the  seashore.  Also 
Duck  Islands  (Elizabeth  G.  Britton). 

STELLARIA,  L.     CHICKWEED.     STARWORT. 
S.  MEDIA  (L.),  Smith.     COMMON  CHICKWEED, 

Common  in  cultivated  and  waste  grounds.  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 

S.  longifolia,  Muhl.      LONG-LEAVED  STARWORT. 

Bare.  Damp  ground  on  Intervale  Brook,  near  Hulls  Cove 
(R.  &  R.). 

S.    GRAMINEA,     L.        ENGLISH   STARWORT. 

Becoming  frequent  in  grassy  places.  Bass  Harbor  road,  near 
Southwest  Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor;  Northwest  Cove;  Town 
Hill  (Rand); — Northeast  Harbor  (Redfield).  Adventive  from 
Europe. 

S.  uliginosa,  Murr.     SWAMP  STARWORT. 

Rare.  In  wet  ground  and  roadside  ditch,  east  side  of  North- 
east Harbor  (T.  Meehan  &  Redfield). 

S.  borealis,  Bigel.     NORTHERN  STARWORT. 

Frequent  in  wet  ground.  Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch,  Somes- 
ville  (Rand);  —  Long  Pond  meadows  (Wm.  C.  Lane);  —  Green 
Mt. ;  Bear  Island  (Redfield);  —  Otter  Creek  (T.  G.  White). 

S.  humifusa,  Rottb. 

Rare.  Salt  marsh,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield).  There 
is  only  one  other  station  for  this  plant  within  the  limits  of  Gray's 
Manual,  but  it  is  common  farther  north. 


84  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CERASTITTM,  L.    MOUSE-EAR  CHICKWEED. 

C.  VULGATUM,  L.  Gray,  Manual,  6th  ed.  C.  viscosum  of 
Man.,  5th  ed. 

Fields  and  waste  places;  common.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 
C.  arvense,  L.  FIELD  CHICKWEED. 

Bare.  Duck  Islands  (Rand,  Redfield,  Annie  S.  Downs);  — 
field  near  Ship  Harbor  (Redfield  &  Faxon). 

SAGINA,  L.     PEARLWOBT. 
S.  procumbens,  L. 

Springy  places  and  wet  rocks;  frequent.  Sea  Wall  (H.  C. 
Jones);  —  Flying  Mt.;  Somesville  ;  Southwest  Valley  road, 
etc.  (Rand) ;  —  Cranberry  Isles  (Redfield,  Win.  C.  Lane) ;  — 
Duck  Islands  (Redfield) ;  —  Great  Head  (F.  M.  Day). 

S.  nodosa  (L.),  Fenzl.     KNOTTY  PEARLWORT. 

Crevices  of  rocks  and  gravelly  banks;  rare.  Bar  Harbor 
(Rand,  Kate  Furbish) ;— The  Cliffs,  Seal  Harbor  (Rand). 

BUDA,  Adans.     (Spergularia,  Presl.)     SAND  SPURREY. 

B.  rubra  (L.),  Dumort.  Spergularia  rubra  (L.),  Presl.  PINK 
SAND  SPURREY. 

Frequent;  dry  sandy  soil,  and  occasionally  on  sea  beaches. 
Manchester  Point,  Northeast  Harbor;  Bar  Harbor  (Rand);  — 
Seal  Harbor;  Northeast  Harbor  ;  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Red- 
field);  —  Great  Cranberry  Isle;  Fernald  Point  (R.  &  R.) ;  —  on 
beach,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand).  This  plant  in  dry  soil  is 
strictly  procumbent,  usually  undersized  and  dwarfed;  on  beaches 
it  becomes  large  and  widely  spreading. 

B.  marina  (L.),   Dumort.     Spergularia  salina,  Presl. 

Sea  beaches;  rare.  Sutton  Island;  Great  Cranberry  Isle 
(Rand). 

B.  borealis,  S.  Watson.  Spergularia  borealis  (S.  Watson), 
Robinson. 

Frequent  on  sea  beaches  and  salt  marshes.  Wasgatt  Cove 
(J.  L.  Wakefield)  ;  —  Somesville ;  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Red- 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  85 

field);  —  Southwest  Harbor;  Sea  Wall;  Norwood  Cove;  High 
Head;  Bar  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand);  —  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (E. 
&  E.). 

SPERGULA,  L.    SPURREY. 
S.  ARVENSIS,    L.      CORN  SPURREY. 

A  common  weed  in  cultivated  ground.  Adventive  from 
Europe. 

Forma  RUBRA. 

Flowers  deep  pink.     Field,  Salisbury  Cove  (Eand). 

PORTULACACE^E.    PURSLANE  FAMILY. 
MONTIA,  L.     BLINKS. 

Sepals  2,  ovate,  persistent,  herbaceous.  Petals  5,  united  at 
base,  3  somewhat  smaller.  Stamens  3,  rarely  more,  on  the  tube 
of  the  corolla.  Ovary  free,  3-ovuled:  style  3-cleft,  very  short. 
Capsule  3-valved,  3-seeded. .  Seeds  black,  dull,  tuberculate,  rarely 
smoothish  or  shining. —  A  small  branching  glabrous  succulent 
annual,  with  opposite  leaves,  and  small  axillary  or  racemose 
flowers.  Bot.  Cal.,  i.  77. 

M.  fontana,  L. 

Stems  procumbent  or  ascending,  1  to  3  inches  long:  leaves 
spatulate  to  linear  oblanceolate,  3  to  9  lines  long :  flowers  a  line 
long  or  less:  capsule  globose.  (Bot.  Cal.,  I.  e.)  Eare.  Damp, 
brackish  ground,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Eand) ;  —  Great  Duck 
Island  (Eedfield).  The  only  stations  thus  far  known  within  the 
limits  of  Gray's  Manual,  or  in  Eastern  IT.  S.  Common,  however, 
farther  north,  and  on  Pacific  shores. 

PORTTJLACA,  L.     PURSLANE. 

P.    OLERACEA,     L.        PURSLANE.      PURSLEY. 

Cultivated  and  waste  grounds.  Bar  Harbor  (Eand,  W.  H. 
Manning);  —  Long  Pond  (Eand).  As  yet  a  very  uncommon 
weed  on  the  Island,  and  probably  introduced  since  1880.  Natu- 
ralized from  Europe. 


86  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

ELATINACEJE,    WATERWORT  FAMILY. 
ELATINE,  L.     WATERWORT. 

E.  Americana  (Pursh),  Arn. 

Rare.  Margin  of  Somes  Stream  and  of  Mill  Pond,  Somesville 
(Rand,  M.  L.  Fernald). 

HYPEBICACEJE.     ST.  JOHN'S-WORT  FAMILY. 

HYPERICUM,  L.     ST.  JOHN'S-WORT. 
*H.  adpressum,  Bart. 

Rare.  Adventive  from  farther  south.  Along  the  railroad, 
Green  Mountain  (Arnold  Greene). 

H.  ellipticum,  Hook. 

Wet  places  and  bogs;  frequent.  Pond  Heath;  Northeast 
Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor ;  High  Head,  etc.  (Rand);  —  Somes- 
ville (R.  &  R.);  —  Squid  Cove  (Redfield). 

H.    PERFORATUM,     L.        COMMON   ST.   JOHN'S-WORT. 

Fields  and  roadsides ;  frequent  in  some  parts  of  the  Island' 
A  well  known  weed.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

H.  mutilum,  L. 

Frequent  in  low  grounds  and  wet  places.  Outlet  of  Great 
Pond;  Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville,  etc.  (Rand);  —  shores  of 
Great  Pond  (Redfield). 

H.  Canadense,  L. 

Common  in  wet,  sandy  soil. 

Var.  majus,  Gray. 

Frequent.  Southwest  Harbor;  Northeast  Harbor;  Denning 
Brook;  Long  Pond  meadows;  Somesville;  shores  of  Jordan 
Pond  and  Great  Pond ;  Bass  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand) ;  —  Seal  Har- 
bor; Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 

Two  somewhat  peculiar  forms  of  this  variety  are  sometimes 
met  with  on  the  Island :  — 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  87 

(a)  Simple  ;  leaves  ascending  and  somewhat  appressed. 
Southwest  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand). 

(/?)  Leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  more  or  less  strongly  five- 
nerved  at  the  base.  Intervale  Brook;  Southwest  Harbor,  etc. 
(Rand);  —shores  of  Jordan  Pond  (Redfield). 

E.  nudicaule,  Walt.      H.    Sarothra,   MX.      PINE  WEED.    ORANGE 
GRASS. 

Sandy  or  gravelly  soil,  roadsides  and  mountain  tops;  common. 
The  mountain  form  is  exceedingly  dwarfed,  often  being  no  more 
than  a  single  unbranched  stem,  less  than  one  inch  in  height. 

ELODES,  Adans.     MARSH  ST.  JOHN'S-WORT. 
E.  campanulata  (Walt.),  Pursh.     E.  Virginica  (L.),  Nutt. 
Common  in  swamps  and  bogs,  and  on  borders  of  ponds. 

MALVACEAE.     MALLOW  FAMILY. 
MALVA,  L.     MALLOW. 

M.    ROTUNDIFOLIA,     L.        COMMON   MALLOW.      CHEESES. 

Waste  and  cultivated  grounds  about  dwellings;  not  very  com- 
mon. Naturalized  from  Europe. 

M.  ALCEA,  L. 

Escaped  to  roadsides  between  Town  Hill  and  Salisbury  Cove 
(M.  L.  Fernald).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

LINAGES.    FLAX  FAMILY. 

LINUM,  L.     FLAX. 
L.  USITATISSIMUM,   L.      COMMON  FLAX. 

Uncommon.  Roadsides  near  Seal  Cove,  and  about  Southwest 
Harbor;  abundant  in  grain  field,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
Adventive  from  Europe. 


88  FLORA   OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

GERANIACE^E.     GERANIUM  FAMILY. 

GERANIUM,  L. 
G.  Robertianum,  L.      HERB  ROBERT. 

Frequent  in  damp,  rocky  places,  especially  at  head  of  sea 
beaches.  Abundant  on  Cranberry  Isles  (R.  &  R.,  F.  M. 
Day); —  Flying  Mt.  (Rand);  — Bald  Porcupine  Island  (W. 
H.  Manning). 

G.  Carolinianum,  L. 

Frequent  in  waste  places  and  clearings.  Southwest  Harbor 
(Harriet  A.  Hill);  —  roadside  near  Denning  Pond  (Annie  S. 
Downs);  —  Somesville;  Town  Hill;  Hulls  Cove;  High  Head; 
Bubble  Pond,  etc.  (Rand)  ;  — Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  —  Bar 
Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 

OXALIS,  L.     WOOD  SORREL. 
0.  Acetosella,  L. 

Common  in  mossy  ground,  deep  cold  woods.  This  plant  is 
believed  to  be  the  true  Irish  Shamrock,  although  the  emblem  is 
now  commonly  represented  by  species  of  Trifolium. 

0.  corniculata,  L.,  var.  stricta  (L.),  Sav. 
Common,  mostly  in  open  ground. 

IMPATIENS,  L.     BALSAM.     JEWEL  WEED. 

1.  fulva,  Nutt.      SPOTTED  TOUCH-ME-NOT.    WILD  BALSAM. 

Moist  places;  common.  A  spurless  form,  Sea  Wall  (Rand). 
Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  white  or  cream-color,  spotted  with  pink;  stems  and 
foliage  very  pale.  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 

ILICINE^E.     HOLLY  FAMILY. 

ILEX,  L.     HOLLY. 

I.  verticillata  (L.),  Gray.     BLACK  ALDER. 
Low  grounds  and  thickets;  common. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  89 

Var.  tenuifolia,  Torr. 

Leaves  petiolate,  obovate,  thin,  smooth  beneath  except  a 
slight  pubescence  on  the  midrib,  uncinately  serrate,  obtuse,  or 
more  commonly  mucronate-tipped ;  pistillate  flowers  4-5-cleft, 
commonly  solitary,  short-pedicelled;  berries  scarlet.  A  shrub 
about  5°  high  with  very  slender  branches.  Torr.  Fl.  North. 
States,  338.  A  woodland  form,  appearing  most  distinct  from 
the  type.*  On  Denning  Brook,  Somesville  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

NEMOPANTHES,  Raf.     MOUNTAIN  HOLLY. 
N.  fascicularis,  Kaf.     N.  Canadensis  (Mx.),  DC. 
Damp  ground;  common. 

VITACE^E.     VINE  FAMILY. 

AMPELOPSIS,  MX. 
A.  quinquefolia  (L.),  MX.      VIRGINIAN  CREEPER.    WOODBINE. 

Common  in  cultivation,  and  often  escaped  to  roadsides  and 
waste  places.  Squid  Cove ;  Southwest  Harbor ;  Somesville 
(Band).  There  is  no  satisfactory  evidence  that  this  plant  is 
indigenous  on  the  Island.  Introduced  from  farther  south. 

SAPINDACEJE.     SOAPBERRY  FAMILY. 

ACER,  L.     MAPLE. 
A.  Pennsylvanicum,  L.      STRIPED  MAPLE. 

Common  in  woodlands. 
A.  spicatum,  Lam.      MOUNTAIN  MAPLE. 

Common  in  rocky  woods. 
A.  saccharinum,  Wang.     SUGAR  MAPLE. 

Infrequent.  Sargent  District,  etc.  (Rand) ;  —  Seal  Harbor, 
etc.  (Redfield) ;  —  near  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 

A.  rubrum,  L.      RED  MAPLE. 

Common  in  swamps  and  damp  ground. 

*  See  also  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xvil  314. 


90  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

ANACARDIACE^E.     CASHEW  FAMILY. 
RHUS,  L.     SUMACH. 

R.  typhina,  L.      STAGHOKN  SUMACH. 

Hillsides,  etc. ;  frequent,  but  rather  local. 

R.  Toxicodendron,  L.     POISON  IVY. 

Thickets  and  low  grounds  ;  frequent,  but  local  in  its  distri- 
bution. Common  on  cliffs  and  rocky  banks  by  the  seashore;  — 
Pierce  Head;  Little  Harbor;  Hunters  Beach;  Roberts  Point, 
etc.  (R.  &  R.) ;  —  especially  on  the  southern  shore  of  the 
Island.  It  is  also  found  in  some  abundance  about  Somesville 
and  vicinity  in  low  grounds  and  by  roadsides.  Poisonous  to 
the  touch. 

POLYGALACE^E.     MILKWORT  FAMILY. 
POLYGALA,  L.     MILKWORT. 

P.  paucifolia,  Willd.     FKINGED  POLYGALA. 

Infrequent  and  local.  Reported  by  various  collectors  from 
different  parts  of  the  region  south  and  east  of  Salisbury  Cove. 
Also  found  southwest  of  Youngs  District  (Clara  L.  Walley, 
Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Rand). 

P.  sanguinea,  L. 

Infrequent.  Fields, Bar  Harbor ;  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand) ;  — 
Long  Pond  meadows  (Redfield) ;  -— "  Mt.  Desert  "  (R.  H.  Day). 

P.  verticillata,  L. 

Rare.  Fields,  Norwood  Road,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand, 
Anna  H.  Bee). 

LEGUMINOS^E.    PULSE  FAMILY. 

TRIFOLIUM,  L.     CLOVER.     TREFOIL. 
T.  ARVENSE,  L.      RABBIT-FOOT  CLOVER. 

Old  fields,  roadsides,  etc. ;  common.    Naturalized  from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  91 

T.  PRATENSE,  L.      RED  CLOVER. 

Fields  and  pastures ;  common.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

T.  repens,  L.      WHITE  CLOVER. 

Common  everywhere  in  fields,  pastures,  and  by  waysides. 
Naturalized  from  Europe,  and  possibly  indigenous  northward. 

T.  HYBRIDUM,  L.      ALSIKE  CLOVER. 

Roadsides  and  fields;  becoming  common.  This  beautiful 
clover  was  rare  on  the  Island  ten  or  twelve  years  ago.  Since 
that  time  it  has  appeared  in  increasing  abundance  every  year. 
It  does  not  seem,  however,  to  be  cultivated,  or  introduced  inten- 
tionally. Naturalized  from  Europe. 

T.    AGRARIUM,   L.       HOP  CLOVER. 

Infrequent  in  fields  and  by  roadsides.  Southwest  Harbor 
(Band,  Harriet  A.  Hill);  — Seal  Harbor  (Redfield);— Bar 
Harbor  (Mary  Minot) ;  —  Beech  Hill  (Eand) .  Adventive  from 
Europe. 

T.    PROCUMBENS,'  L.        LOW   HOP   CLOVER. 

Common  in  fields  and  by  roadsides.  Naturalized  from 
Europe,  but  appearing  indigenous.  Small,  simple,  erect  forms 
are  common.  This  is  "the  real  Irish  Shamrock"  of  the  news- 
papers, a  long  account  of  which  appears  regularly  every  two  or 
three  years.  The  error  has  been  exposed  so  many  times  that  it 
seems  almost  needless  to  refer  to  it  here.  (See  Oxalis  Acetusella, 
page  88.) 

MELILOTUS,  Juss.     MELILOT. 

M.  OFFICINALIS  (L.),  Willd. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  grass  fields.  Seal  Harbor  (Lizzie 
Churchill).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

M.  ALBA,  Lam. 

By  waysides  and  in  waste  ground ;  more  common  than  the 
last.  Goose  Cove  (Wm.  C.  Lane);— Bar  Harbor  (F.  M. 


92  PLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Day);  —  Somesville  (Annie  S.  Downs);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Ked 
field,  Lizzie  Churchill)  ;  —  Eden;  Fernald  Point  (Rand).  Ad- 
ventive  from  Europe. 

MEDICAGO,  L.     MEDICK. 
M.  LUPULINA,  L.      BLACK  MEDICK.    SNAILS. 

Sparingly  introduced.  Beach,  Sea  Wall  (Hand) ;  —  Bar  Har- 
bor (Mary  Minot).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

ROBINIA,  L.     LOCUST-TREE. 
R.  Pseudacacia,  L.     COMMON  LOCUST. 

Escaped  from  cultivation  to  roadsides.  Southwest  Harbor; 
Somesville;  Town  Hill,  etc.  (Band);  — Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield). 
Adventive  from  the  Middle  States. 

R.  viscosa,  Vent.      CLAMMY  LOCUST. 

Escaped  from  cultivation.  Roadside,  Northeast  Harbor  (Red- 
field).  Adventive  from  the  mountains  of  the  Southern  States. 

DESMODIUM,  Desv.     TICK  TREFOIL. 

D.  acuminatum  (Mx.),  DC. 

Rare.  Clearing,  Northwest  Arm  woods,  Great  Pond  (Annie 
S.  Downs).  Perhaps  introduced,  as  this  species  has  not  as  yet 
been  found  elsewhere  on  the  island. 

VICIA,  L.     VETCH.     TARE. 
V.  SATIVA,  L.      COMMON  VETCH,  or  TARE. 

Common,  especially  on  sea  beaches.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 
A  very  pubescent  form  with  flowers  often  peduncled,  Bar  Har- 
bor (Mary  Minot). 

V.  Cracca,  L. 

Frequent  in  fields.  Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville,  etc. 
(Rand);  — Northeast  Harbor  (R.  &  R.);  — Seal  Harbor  (Sara 

E.  Boggs,  Redfield) ;  —  Town  Hill  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  Bar  Har- 
bor (Mary  Minot,  W.  H.  Manning). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  93 

LATHYRTTS,  L.     EVERLASTING  PEA. 
L.  maritimus  (L.),  Bigel.     BEACH  PEA. 
Very  common  on  sea  beaches. 

L.  palustris,  L.     MARSH  PEA. 

Moist  places  near  the  sea;  frequent.  Aunt  Mollys  Beach; 
Southwest  Harbor ;  Sea  Wall ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand) ;  — 
Bar  Island,  Bar  Harbor  (F.  M.  Day);  —Little  Cranberry  Isle; 
Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield)  ;  —  Norwood  Cove  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

L.  PRATENSIS,  L.     FIELD  PEA. 

Well  established  in  field,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot).  Natu- 
ralized from  Europe. 

AMPHICARPJEA,  Ell.     HOG  PEANUT. 
A.  monoica  (L.),  Ell. 

Damp  thickets  on  Somes  Stream  (Band) .  Apparently  indige- 
nous, but  perhaps  introduced. 

ROSACES.    KOSE  FAMILY. 
PRUNUS,  L.     PLUM.     CHERRY. 
P.  Pennsylvanica,  L.  f.     WILD  RED  CHERRY. 
Rocky  soil,  woods  and  thickets ;  very  common. 

P.  Virginiana,  L.     CHOKE  CHERRY. 

Waysides  and  thickets  ;  frequent.  Salisbury  Cove,  etc. 
(Rand);— Somesville  (R.  &  R. );  — Squid  Cove  (Redneld);— - 
Bar  Harbor,  etc.  (F.  M.  Day). 

P.  serotina,  Ehrh.     WILD  BLACK  CHERRY. 

Not  uncommon  about  Somesville  (Henry  C.  Jones,  and 
others) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning).  Blooming  later  than 
the  preceding,  which  it  much  resembles. 


94  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

SPIRJEA,  L.     MEADOW  SWEET. 
S.  salicifolia,  L.      COMMON  MEADOW  SWEET. 
Low  grounds  and  damp  hillsides ;  common. 

S.  tomentosa,  L.      HARDBACK. 
Low  grounds;  common. 

RTTBTTS,  L.     RASPBERRY.     BLACKBERRY. 
R.  odoratus,  L.     PURPLE  FLOWERING  RASPBERRY. 

Occasional  by  roadsides.  Emery  District ;  Southwest  Harbor 
(Eand);  —  Hulls  Cove  (R.  H.  Day).  An  evident  escape  from 
cultivation.  Adventive  from  beyond  our  limits. 

R.   Chamsemorus,   L.      BAKED  APPLE  BERRY. 

Kare.  The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.).  Said  to 
grow  in  great  abundance  near  Prospect  Harbor,  Gouldsborough, 
on  the  mainland. 

R.  tr  in  or  us,  Richards.      WOOD  RASPBERRY. 
Common  in  damp  woods  and  in  swamps. 

R.  strigosus,  MX.      WILD  RED  RASPBERRY. 

Very  common  everywhere,  especially  in  clearings  and  old 
fields. 

R.  villosus,  Ait.      HIGH  BLACKBERRY. 

Waysides,  fields,  and  thickets;  very  common. 

Var.  frondosus  (Bigel.),  Torr. 

Frequent.  Northwest  Cove;  about  Somesville  and  elsewhere 
(E.  Faxon,  R.  &  R.);  —  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 

Var.  Randii,  Bailey. 

Low  and  diffuse,  l°-2^°  high,  the  canes  bearing  very  few  and 
weak  prickles,  or  often  entirely  unarmed,  very  slender  and  soft, 
sometimes  appearing  as  if  nearly  herbaceous;  leaves  very  thin 
and  nearly  or  quite  smooth  beneath  and  on  the  petioles,  the 
teeth  rather  coarse  and  unequal ;  cluster  stout,  with  one  or  two 
simple  leaves  in  its  base,  not  villous,  and  very  slightly  if  at  all 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  95 

pubescent;    flowers  half  or  less  the  size  of  those  of  R.  villosus  • 

fruit  small,  dry,  and  "  seedy."     Woods,  Southwest  Valley  road 

(Rand). 

R.  Canadensis,  L.     Low  BLACKBERRY.    DEWBERRY. 

Dry  fields  and  roadsides;  frequent. 
R.   hispidus,   L.      RUNNING  SWAMP  BLACKBERRY. 

Low  grounds  and  by  waysides ;  common, 
R.  setosus,  Bigel. 

Stouter  than  R.  hispidus,  larger  leaved,  suberect  or  ascend- 
ing, the  older  wood  most  densely  clothed  with  slender,  stiff, 
slightly  reflexed  bristles;  not  evergreen;  flowers  usually  small; 
fruit  reddish  black,  about  3"  high;  leaflets  mostly  acute,  or 
short  acuminate,  generally  5  on  the  leaves  of  the  sterile  shoots, 
and  3  on  the  flowering  branches,  short  petiolulate  or  sessile; 
pedicels  and  petioles  often  with  a  few  weak  bristles,  pubescent. 
(See  N.  L.  Britton  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx.  278,  whence 
the  above  description  is  mainly  taken.)  Not  uncommon.  Somes- 
ville;  Beech  Cliff;  Oak  Hill  (Rand). 

DALIBARDA,  L. 
D.  repens,  L. 

Woods;  common.  Fertile  flowers  mainly,  if  not  entirely, 
cleistogamous,  appearing  rather  earlier  than  the  more  showy 
flowers.  (See  T.  Meehan,  Proceedings  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences  of 
Phila.,  1892,  p.  371.) 

GEITM,  L.     AVENS. 
G.  album,  Gmelin. 

Thickets;  rare.  Wasgatt  Cove  (Wm.  H.  Dunbar);  —  Somes- 
ville  (Rand)  ;  — near  Somesville  (Arnold  Greene). 

G.  strictum,  Ait. 

Rare.     Somesville  (Rand).     Perhaps  introduced. 
G.  rivale,  L.      WATER  AVENS. 

Common  in  wet  fields  and  meadows  in  the  north  and  west  of 
the  Island.  Also  Long  Pond  meadows  (Redfield) ;  —  meadow  at 
Schooner  Head  (Robert  B.  Worthington);  —  Cold  Brook  (Rand). 


96  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

FRAGARIA,  L.     STRAWBERRY. 
F.  Virginiana,  Mill. 

Very  common  everywhere. 

*  F.  vesca,  L. 

Fields  and  rocky  places;  rare. 

POTENTILLA,  L.     CINQUEFOIL. 
P.  Norvegica,  L. 

Fields  and  waste  places;  frequent. 

P.  Pennsylvanica,  L. 

Kare.     North  of  the  Island  (Wm.  C.  Lane?). 

P.  argentea,   L.      SILVERY  CINQDEFOIL. 
Dry  ground;  common. 

P.  palustris  (L.),  Scop.     MARSH  POTENTILLA. 

Bogs ;  rare.  Somesville  (Hand)  ;  —  Great  Cranberry  Isle 
(Redfield). 

P.  fruticosa,  L.      SHRUBBY  CINQUEFOIL. 

Infrequent.  Asticou  (Wm.  C.  Lane) ;  —  Sargent  Mt.  (Rand) ; 
—  Jordan  Mt.  (Arthur  Chase) ;  —  Southwest  Harbor  (Annie  S. 
Downs);  —  Long  Pond  meadows  (Redfield).  Generally  in  dry 
ground. 

P.  tridentata,  Ait.     WHITE  POTENTILLA. 

Shores  and  mountain  summits;  common. 
P.  Anserina.     SILVER  WEED. 

Salt  marshes  and  muddy  beaches ;  common  on  the  coast. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.      COMMON  CINQUEFOIL.    FIVE-FINGER. 

Fields  and  waysides;  common.  The  typical  form  —  which  is 
low  or  dwarf,  silky-hairy,  with  prostrate  and  decumbent  stems  — 
is  rare.  Northeast  Harbor  (Rand).  The  common  form  of  the 
Island  is  var.  simplex  (Mx.),  T.  &  G.  This  is  less  hairy  and 
greener,  larger,  the  ascending  stem  l°-2°  long,  seldom  if  ever 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  97 

creeping;  from  a  thicker  and  harder  caudex;  leaflets  obovate- 
oblong,  sometimes  almost  glabrous.  (Torr.  &  Gray,  Fl.  N.  A., 
i.  443;  Gray,  Man.,  5th  ed.  154.)  Although  intermediate  forms 
between  this  and  the  type  are  found,  it  seems  that  this  is  a  good 
variety.  Observations  at  Mt.  Desert  and  elsewhere  do  not  ac- 
cord with  those  of  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton  (Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club, 
xviii.  365). 

AGRIMONIA,  L.     AGRIMONY, 

A.  Eupatoria,  L.      COMMON  AGRIMONY. 

Hare.  Woods,  Roberts  Point,  Northeast  Harbor;  woods,  Had- 
lock  Upper  Pond  (Rand) ;  —  near  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 

ROSA,  L.     KOSE. 
R.  Carolina,  L.     SWAMP  ROSE. 

Swamps  and  borders  of  streams;  frequent. 
R.  lucida,  Ehrh.      COMMON  WILD  ROSE. 

Abundant  everywhere,  usually  in  dry  ground.  A  form  with 
downy  petioles,  in  rich  soil,  north  of  Long  Pond  (Redfield). 

R.  humilis,   Marsh. 

A  plant  answering  to  the  description  of  this  species  has  been 
found  in  woods,  Somesville  (M.  L.  Fernald).  It  is  very  de- 
sirable that  the  occurrence  of  this  species  should  be  further 
verified. 

R.  nitida,  Willd.     EARLY  SWAMP  ROSE. 

In  bogs  throughout  the  Island,  and  on  Cranberry  Isles; 
common. 

R.   RUBIGINOSA,   L.      SWEET  BRIER. 

Rare.  Naturalized  from  Europe  in  fields  remote  from  dwell- 
ings, High  Head;  Bass  Harbor  (Annie  S.  Downs);  — Seal  Har- 
bor (Rand). 

R.    CINNAMOMEA,     L.        ClNNAMON   ROSE. 

Stems  5°-8°  high  with  brownish-red  bark,  and  some  straight- 
ish  prickles;  leaves  pale,  downy  beneath;  flowers  small,  pale 

7 


98  FLORA   OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

pink,  cinnamon-scented,  mostly  double,  not  showy. 
Field,  For.  &  Gard.  Bot.,  127.  Roadsides,  escaped  from 
gardens.  Hulls  Cove;  Oak  Hill  (Rand).  Introduced  from 
Europe. 

PYRUS,  L.     APPLE.     PEAR. 
P.  MALUS,  L.     APPLB. 

Infrequently  spontaneous  by  waysides,  in  old  fields,  etc. 
Northeast  Harbor  ;  Somesville;  Canada  Valley;  Sutton  Island 
(Rand). 

P.  arbutifolia    (L.),    L.  f.,    var.    melanocarpa    (Mx.),    Hook. 
BLACK  CHOKEBERRY. 

Common  in  both  wet  and  dry  ground.  Very  variable  in  height 
from  4°-5°  in  swamps  to  6'-l°  on  mountains.  A  double- 
flowered  form,  Breakneck  Ponds  (Rand). 

Forma  pubescens. 

Pedicels  and  petioles  very  tomentose.  Not  uncommon. 
Somesville  (R.  &  R.,  M.  L.  Fernald) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (Mary 
Mi  not). 

P.  Americana  (Marsh.),  DC.     MOUNTAIN  ASH. 

Rocky  woods;  common.  Leaves  commonly  less  taper-pointed, 
and  a  darker  green  in  color  than  farther  south.  Somewhat  ap- 
proaching the  next  in  general  appearance. 

P.   sambucifolia,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.     NORTHERN  MOUNTAIN  ASH. 
Rare.     Beech  Cliff  (E.  Faxon);  —  Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L. 
Fernald;  — Beech  Hill  (Rand). 

CRATJEGUS,  L.     HAWTHORN.     THORN. 
C.  coccinea,  L.     SCARLET-FRUITED  THORN. 

Infrequent.  Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch  (Rand) ;  —  Denning 
Brook  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

Var.  macracantha  (Lodd.),  Dudley. 

Frequent  by  waysides,  rocky  banks,  beaches,  etc.  The  com- 
mon Thorn  of  the  Island. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  99 

AMELANCHIER,  Medic.     SHADBUSH.     SUGAR  PEAR. 

A.  Canadensis  (L.),  Medic.     SHADBUSH. 

Rocky  woods ;  common.  Large  trees  of  this  species  in  Little 
Harbor  Brook  Notch. 

Var.  oblongifolia,  T.  &  G. 
Common. 

SAXIFRAGACEJ2.    SAXIFRAGE  FAMILY. 

SAXIFRAGA,  L.     SAXIFRAGE, 
S.  Virginiensis,  MX.     EARLY  SAXIFRAGE. 

Kocky  places;  infrequent.  Valley  Cove;  Dog  Mt. ;  Flying 
Mt. ;  Beech  Cliff  (Eand) ;  —  Sargent  Mt.  (Greenleaf,  Lane  & 
Hand);  —  Schooner  Head  (Clara  L.  Walley)  ; — ledges  on  road 
between  Seal  Harbor  and  Hunters  Brook  (Redfield) . 

MITELLA,  L.     MITREWORT. 
M.  nuda,  L. 

Cool,  mossy  woods ;  rare.  Hadlock  Valley  (Redfield) ;  —  Cold 
Brook  (R.  &  R.);  —  woods,  head  of  Barcelona  meadow  (Rand). 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM,  L.     GOLDEN  SAXIFRAGE. 
C.  Americanum,  Schwein. 

Brooks  and  wet  places ;  infrequent.  On  trail  between  Jordan 
Pond  and  Northeast  Harbor;  Doctors  Brook;  Little  Harbor 
Brook;  Canada  Brook;  Cold  Brook  (Rand);  —  Two  Mile  Brook 
(M.  L.  Fernald). 

RISES,  L.     GOOSEBERRY.     CURRANT. 

R.  oxyacanthoides,  L.     WILD  GOOSEBERRY. 
Common,  usually  in  rocky  ground. 

R.  lacustre,  Poir. 

Rare.     In  wet  pasture,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.). 


100  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

R.  prostratum,  L'Her.     SKUNK  CURRANT. 
Common  in  rocky  places. 

R.  floridum,  L'Her.      WILD  BLACK  CURRANT. 

Uncommon.  Clearing,  Canada  Valley  (Rand)  ;  —  on  Somes 
Stream  (R.  &  K.,  M.  L.  Fernald) ;—  Beech  Hill  (Redfield). 
Without  doubt  introduced  in  the  last-named  station,  and 
doubtless  escaped  from  cultivation  in  the  others. 

R.  rubrum,  L.     RED  CURRANT. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  cultivation.  Beech  Hill,  etc. ;  near 
High  Head,  remote  from  dwellings  (Kand). 

CRASSULACE^E.    ORPINE  FAMILY. 

SEDUM,  L.     STONECROP.     ORPINE. 
S.  ACRE,  L.     MOSSY  STONECROP. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  cultivation  to  roadsides,  rocky  places, 
etc.  Roadside,  Southwest  Harbor  (William  H.  Dunbar); — 
established  in  abundance  on  rocks,  Southwest  Harbor  (Henry 
L.  Rand)  ;  —  among  stones,  near  the  cemetery,  Somesville 
(Redfield).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

S.  TELEPHIUM,  L.     LIVE-FOR-EVER. 

Escaped  from  cultivation  to  roadsides  and  fields;  frequent. 
Southwest  Harbor ;  Fernald  Cove  ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle 
(Rand);  — Hulls  Cove  (F.  M.  Day) ;  —  Somesville  (R.  &  R.). 
Adventive  from  Europe. 

S.  Rhodiola,  DC.     ROSEROOT. 

Rare.  Dog  Mt.  (Henry  C.  Jones,  Rand) ;— Egg  Rock  (Henry 
Smith). 

DROSERACEuE.    SUNDEW  FAMILY. 

DROSERA,  L.     SUNDEW. 
D.  rotundifolia,  L.      ROUND-LEAVED  SUNDEW. 

Common  in  sphagnous  bogs,  and  in  wet  places  generally. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  101 

D.  intermedia,  Drev.  &  Hayne,  var.  Americana  (Willd.),  DC. 
Bogs  aod  borders  of  ponds;  common. 

HAMAMELIDEJE.    WITCH  HAZEL  FAMILY. 

HAMAMELIS,  L.     WITCH  HAZEL. 
H.  Virginiana,  L. 

Occasional  in  woods  and  by  roadsides. 

HALORAGE^E.     WATER  MILFOIL  FAMILY. 

MYRIOPHYLLUM,  L.     WATER  MILFOIL. 
M.  verticillatum,  L. 

Rare.     Eipples  Pond  (M.  L.  Fernald,  Kand). 

PROSERPINACA,  L.     MERMAID  WEED. 
P.  palustris,  L. 

Rare.  Meadow  at  head  of  Northeast  Creek  (Kand,  M.  L. 
Fernald). 

HIPPURIS,  L.     MARE'S  TAIL. 
H.  vulgaris,  L. 

Uncommon.  Shallow  pools  at  Sea  Wall  and  vicinity,  near 
shore  (Henry  C.  Jones,  Elizabeth  G.  Britton,  Kand) ;  —  marsh, 
Great  Duck  Island  (Redfield) ;  —  not  rare,  Great  Cranberry  Isle 
(Rand,  Redfield,  Arnold  Greene). 

CALLITRICHE,  L.     WATER  STARWORT. 
C.  veraa,  L. 

Frequent  in  muddy  streams  and  ditches.  Ditch,  Bass  Har- 
bor (Rand)  5  —  Somes  Stream  (R.  &  R.);  —  Hunters  Brook 
(Redfield)  ;  —  Two  Mile  Brook  j  Northeast  Creek  (M.  L. 
Fernald). 


102  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

MELASTOMACE^E.    MELASTOMA  FAMILY. 

RHEXIA,  L.     MEADOW  BEAUTY. 
R.  Virginica,  L. 

Sandy  or  gravelly  pond  shores;  infrequent.  Duck  Brook 
meadows;  Breakneck  Ponds;  Great  Pond  (Eand); —  Eagle 
Lake;  Witch  Hole  (Eedfield). 

LYTHBACE^E.    LOOSESTRIFE  FAMILY. 

DECODON,  Gmelin.     SWAMP  LOOSESTRIFE. 

D.  verticillatus  (L.),  Ell.     Nescea  verticillata  (L.),  HBK. 
Eare.     Swamp,  Somes  Pond  (E.  &  E.). 

(XNAGRACE^E.     EVENING  PRIMROSE  FAMILY. 

LUDWIGIA,  L.     FALSE  LOOSESTRIFE. 
L.  palustris  (L.),  Ell.     WATER  PURSLANE. 

Abundant  on  flats,  Eipples  Pond  (Eand).  The  only  station 
thus  far  reported  on  the  Island. 

EPILOBIUM,  L.     WILLOW  HERB. 

E.  angustifolium,  L.     FIREWEED. 

Common,  especially  in  clearings  and  in  burnt  ground. 

Forma  albiflornm. 

Flowers  pure  white.  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (William  H. 
Dunbar) . 

E.  lineare,  Muhl. 

Bogs  and  in  wet  ground;  common.  A  simple  form  approach- 
ing E.  palustre,  Western  Mt.  (Eand). 

Forma  latifolium. 

Leaves  larger,  often  4"  broad  and  2'  long.  Bog,  north  of 
Beech  Hill  (Eand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  103 

E.  strictum,  Muhl. 

Bogs  and  wet  ground;  frequent.  Near  Sea  Wall;  High  Head; 
Southwest  Harbor;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Eand);  —  Salisbury 
Cove  (Clara  L.  Walley) .  A  form  said  by  Prof.  Trelease  to  be 
" perhaps  crossed  with  E.  lineare,"  bog,  north  of  Beech  Hill 
(Kand). 

E.  coloratum,  Muhl. 

Apparently  rare  on  the  Island.  Bog,  north  of  Beech  Hill; 
Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 

A  hybrid,  E.  coloratum  X  E.  adenocaulon,  roadside,  south  of 
Bubble  Pond  (Kand). 

E.  adenocaulon,  Hausskn. 
Common  in  low  ground. 

(ENOTHERA,  L.     EVENING  PRIMROSE. 
OS.  biennis,  L.     COMMON  EVENING  PRIMROSE. 

Fields,  waysides,  and  sea  beaches;  common.  Variable.  A 
very  pubescent  form  with  long  white  hairs,  Hadlock  farm, 
near  Seal  Harbor  (Bedfield) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Sara  E.  Boggs). 

(E.  pumila,  L. 

Common  in  dry  soil.     Often  much  dwarfed. 

CIRC2BA,  L.     ENCHANTER'S  NIGHTSHADE. 
C.  alpina,  L. 

Common  in  damp,  shady  woods. 

CUCURBITACE^E.    GOURD  FAMILY. 
ECHINOCYSTIS,  T.  &  G.     WILD  BALSAM  APPLE. 
E.  lobata  (Mx.),  T.  &  G. 

Extensively  cultivated  throughout  the  Island,  and  often  spon- 
taneous and  persistent  in  waste  places  and  by  waysides.  Bar 
Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor,  etc.  (R.  &  K.)  Adventive  from 
the  West. 


104  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

FICOIDE^E. 

MOLLUGO,  L.     INDIAN  CHICKWEED. 
M.  VERTICILLATA,  L.      CARPET  WEED. 

Kare.  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning).  A  very  lately  in- 
troduced weed  on  the  Island.  Probably  naturalized  from  Tropi- 
cal America. 

UMBELLIFEILE.     PAKSLEY  FAMILY. 

DAUCUS,  L.    CARROT. 
D.  CAROTA,  L. 

Old  fields;  occasional.  Long  Pond  (Eedfield) ;—  Sea  Wall 
(Eand) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot). 

CONIOSELINUM,  Fisch.     HEMLOCK  PARSLEY. 
C.  Canadense  (Mx.),  T.  &  G. 

Wet  woods  and  meadows ;  frequent.  Seal  Harbor ;  Long  Pond 
meadows  (Eedfield) ;  —  Hadlock  Upper  Pond ;  Little  Harbor 
Brook  Valley,  etc.  (Rand). 

HERACLEUM,  L.     Cow  PARSNIP. 
H.  lanatum,  MX. 

Frequent,  especially  near  sea  beaches.  Somesville  (E.  & 
R.);  — -Fernald  Point;  Southwest  Harbor;  Sea  Wall;  Great 
Cranberry  Isle,  etc.  (Eand) ;  —  Baker  Island  (Redfield). 

PASTINACA,  L.     PARSNIP. 

P.   SATIVA,   L. 

Eoadsides,  waste  grounds,  and  old  fields;  frequent.  Northeast 
Harbor  (Henry  C.  Jones) ;  —  Long  Pond ;  Somesville ;  Southwest 
Harbor;  Bar  Harbor;  Canada  Valley,  etc.  (Eand).  Naturalized 
from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  105 

LIGUSTICUM,  L.     LOVAGE. 
L.  Scoticum,  L.      SCOTCH  LOVAGE. 

Sea  beaches,  banks  and  rocks  near  salt  water;  common. 

CCELOPLEURUM,  Ledeb. 
C.  Gmelini  (DC.),  Ledeb.     Archangelica  Gmelini,  DC. 

Frequent  on  the  seashore  in  damp  ground.  Plant  very 
strongly  aromatic. 

SIUM,  L.     WATER  PARSNIP. 
S.  cicutsefolium,  Gmelin. 

Brooks  and  pond  shores ;  common. 

CARUM,  L.     CARAWAY. 
C.  CARUI,  L. 

Common  in  fields  and  waste  places  about  settlements.  Natu- 
ralized from  Europe. 

CICUTA,  L.     WATER  HEMLOCK. 
C.  maculata,  L. 

Wet  grounds;  common.     Roots  poisonous. 

C.  bulbifera,  L. 

Wet  places  ;  infrequent.  Somesville  ;  Northeast  Harbor 
(Rand).  Also  poisonous. 

HYDROCOTYLE,  L.     WATER  PENNYWORT. 
H.  Americana,  L. 

Wet  places,  —  woods  and  meadows;  frequent.  Hadlock  Upper 
Pond;  High  Head;  Southwest  Valley  road  ;  Town  Hill,  etc. 
(Rand) ;  — Somesville  (R.  &  R.,  M.  L.  Fernald).  Stems  sto- 
loniferous,  especially  in  late  summer. 


106  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT 

SANICULA,  L.     BLACK  .SNAKEROOT. 

S.  Marylandica,  L. 

Wet  woods  and  meadows ;  infrequent.  Little  Harbor  Brook 
Notch  (E.  &  E.,  Arnold  Greene) ;  — Cold  Brook;  Long  Pond 
meadows  (Eand). 

AKALIACE^E.     GINSENG  FAMILY. 
ARALIA,  L.     WILD  SARSAPARILLA. 
A.  racemosa,  L.     SPIKENARD. 

Woods;  infrequent.  Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch  (Eand,  Eed- 
field);  —  Intervale  Brook  (F.  M.  Day) ;  — Hadlock  Valley  (G. 
Hunt)  ;  —  Southwest  Valley  road;  Wild  Cat  Valley  (Eand)  ;  — 
roadside  east  of  Seal  Harbor  ;  Bubble  Pond  (Eedfield). 

A.  hispida,  Vent.     BRISTLY  SARSAPARILLA. 

Open  rocky  places  and  burnt  clearings ;  common. 

A.  nudicaulis,  L.     WILD  SARSAPARILLA. 
Eich  rocky  woods;  common. 

CORNACEJE.    DOGWOOD  FAMILY. 
CORNUS,  L.     CORNEL.     DOGWOOD. 

C.  Canadensis,  L.     BUNCHBERRY.    DWARF  CORNEL. 

Very  common;  woods  and  everywhere.  Often  blooming  until 
late  fall. 

C.  circinata,  L'Her.     ROUND-LEAVED  CORNEL. 

Woods  and  thickets;  infrequent.  Echo  Notch  (E.  &  E.)  ;  — 
Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch;  High  Head;  Northwest  Cove; 
Somesville  (Eand). 

C.  alternifolia,  L.  f.     ALTERNATE-LEAVED  CORNEL. 
Woods  and  copses ;   common. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  107 

DIVISION  II.     GAMOPETAL-ZE. 

CAPBIFOLIACEJE.     HONEYSUCKLE  FAMILY. 

SAMBUCUS,  L.     ELDER. 
S.  Canadensis,  L.     COMMON  ELDER. 

Frequent  in  rich  soil,  but  nowhere  very  abundant.  Somes- 
ville;  Northeast  Harbor ;  Southwest  Harbor;  Gilmore  Meadow, 
etc.  (Eand)  ;  —  Long  Pond  meadows,  etc.  (Kedfield) ;  —  Bar 
Harbor  (F.  M.  Day). 

S.  racemosa,  L.      S.  pubens,  MX.     RED-BERRIED  ELDER. 

Rocky  places  and  waysides ;  more  common  than  the  last.  A 
form  with  yellowish  colored  fruit,  near  Northeast  Harbor 
(Theodore  G.  White). 

VIBURNUM,  L.     ARROW  WOOD. 

V.  lantanoides,  MX.     HOBBLE  BUSH. 

Common;  rocky  woods, —  especially  on  mountain  brooks, — 
and  sometimes  in  low  ground. 

V.  acerifolium,  L.      MAPLE-LEAVED  VIBURNUM. 

Thickets  and  borders  of  woods;  frequent;  rare  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  Island. 

V.  dentatum,  L.     ARROW  WOOD. 

Eare.  Meadow  at  head  of  Northeast  Creek  (Kand,  Kedfield, 
M.  L.  Fernald). 

V.  cassinoides,  L.     WITHE-ROD. 

Rocky  woods,  moist  banks,  and  wet  places ;  common.  Also  on 
mountain  summits. 

LINN-ZEA,  Gronov.     TWIN  FLOWER. 

L.  borealis,  Gronov.     TWIN  FLOWER. 

Woods,  especially  in  sandy  soil;  common.  Also  Cranberry 
Isles  and  Duck  Islands  (Kedfield). 


108  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

LONICERA,  L.     HONEYSUCKLE. 

L.  ciliata,  Muhl.     FLY  HONEYSUCKLE. 

Rocky  woods;  infrequent.  Hadlock  Upper  Pond ;  Sargent  Mt. 
Gorge;  Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch;  Northwest  Arm  woods,  etc. 
(Rand)  ;  —  Squid  Cove  (Wm.  C.  Lane)  ;  —  Hadlock  Valley  ; 
Jordan  Pond  road ;  Bear  Island  (Redfield) ;  —  Norway  Drive 
(Mary  Minot) ;  —  Bald  Porcupine  Island  (W.  H.  Manning) . 

L.  caerulea,  L.     MOUNTAIN  FLY  HONEYSUCKLE. 
Damp  ground;  frequent. 

DIER VILLA,  Adans.     BUSH  HONEYSUCKLE. 

D.  trifida,  Moench. 

Common  in  rocky  ground;  woods  and  clearings. 

BUBIACEJE.     MADDER  FAMILY. 

HOUSTONIA,  L. 

H.  caerulea,  L.     INNOCENTS.    BLUETS.    QUAKER  LADIES. 
Common  in  moist  grassy  places. 

MITCHELLA,  L.     PARTRIDGE  BERRY. 
M.  repens,  L. 

Thickets  and  woods,  especially  under  Conif erse ;  frequent. 

GALIUM,  L.     BEDSTRAW. 
G.  VERUM,  L.      YELLOW  BEDSTRAW. 

Well  established  for  years  in  fields,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot, 
M.  L.  Fernald).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

G.  MOLLUGO,  L. 

Established  in  field,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot).  Adventive 
from  Europe.  A  somewhat  pubescent  form  with  revolute, 
sharply  pointed  leaves,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  109 

G.  Aparine,  L.     CLEAVERS. 

Bare;  yet  in  abundance  on  beach,  Fish  Point,  Great  Cran- 
berry Isle  (Rand).  Probably  introduced. 

G.  trifidum,  L.     SMALL  BEDSTRAW. 

Common  in  wet  ground.     Variable. 
Var.  pusillum,  Gray. 

Not  uncommon  in  cold  sphagnum  bogs.  Little  Cranberry 
Isle;  Great  Duck  Island  (Redfield)  ;—•  Southwest  Harbor  (M. 
L.  Fernald). 

G.  asprellum,  MX.     ROUGH  BEDSTRAW. 

Roadsides  and  low  thickets;  frequent.  Robinson  Mt.  (Wm. 
H.  Dunbar); —  Somesville;  Emery  District  (R.  &  R.); — Sea 
Wall;  Oak  Hill,  etc.  (Rand). 

G.  triflomm,  MX.     SWEET-SCENTED  BEDSTRAW. 
Woods;  common. 

COMPOSITE.    COMPOSITE  FAMILY. 
EUPATORIUM,  L.     THOROUGHWORT. 
E.  purpureum,  L.     JOE-PYE  WEED. 

Low  grounds,  brooksides,  and  meadows;  frequent. 
E.  perfoliatum,  L.     BONESET.    THOROUGHWORT. 
Low  grounds  and  wet  roadsides ;  common. 

SOLIDAGO,  L.     GOLDEN  ROD. 

S.  squarrosa,  Muhl. 

Rare;  roadsides  and  thickets.  Emery  District  (Rand,  An- 
nie S.  Downs); — foot  of  Western  Mt.  (Rand);  —  " Salisbury 
Woods"  (Clara  L.  Walley). 

S.  latifolia,  L. 

Damp,  low  woods,  especially  by  brooksides ;  frequent.  Head 
of  Hadlock  Upper  Pond;  foot  of  Western  Mt. ;  Little  Harbor 


110  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Brook  Notch ;  Beech  Mt.  Notch ;  and  elsewhere  (Rand) ;  —  path 
to  Bubble  Pond ;  path  to  Newport  Pond ;  Hadlock  Valley 
(Redfield);  —  Dog  Mt.,  in  dry,  open  ground  (Kand). 

S.  bicolor,  L.      WHITE  GOLDEN  ROD. 
Roadsides  and  fields ;  common. 

Var.  concolor,  T.  &  G. 

Roadside,  south  of  High  Head.  The  plant,  however,  is  not 
a  very  well  marked  form  of  this  variety. 

S.  Virgaurea,  L. 

Stem  erect,  sparingly  branched,  4'-24'  high,  glabrous  or  pubes- 
cent with  curled  hairs;  leaves  linear  or  lanceolate-oblong,  l'-4' 
long,  obscurely  toothed,  obtuse  or  acute;  heads  crowded,  4"  long, 
shortly  peduncled,  golden  yellow;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear, 
acute,  glabrous,  green,  margins  scarious;  ray  flowers  10-12, 
spreading;  disk  flowers  10-20 ;  achene  pubescent,  pappus  white. 
Hooker,  Fl.  Brit.  Isles,  205.  (See  also  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx. 
207.)  Hio,  Southwest  Harbor;  foot  Pemetic  Mt. ;  Great  Cran- 
berry Isle;  path  on  Jordan  Mt. ;  Frenchman  Camp  road  (Rand) ; 
—  Seal  Harbor  (R.  &  R.).  This  Island  form  is  very  like  var. 
angustifolia,  Gaud.,  and  var.  ericetorumj  DC.,  of  the  Old  World, 
with  lower  leaves  oblong  lanceolate,  long  petioled,  and  upper 
leaves  narrower.  There  are  other  forms,  with  narrower,  thinner 
leaves,  approaching  S.  humilis,  Pursh,  but  hardly  to  be  placed 
under  that  species.  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield);  — foot  of  Western 
Mt. ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle ;  Dog  Mt. ;  east  peak  of  Western  Mt. ; 
Frenchman  Camp  road  (Rand). 

Var.  Randii,  Porter. 

More  or  less  glutinous;  stems  stout,  erect,  l°-2°  high,  often 
dark  purple,  puberulent,  or  sometimes  glabrate  below;  radical 
and  lower  leaves  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  acute,  serrate,  —  cauline 
lanceolate  or  elliptical-lanceolate,  sparingly  serrate  or  entire, 
glabrous;  inflorescence  an  ample  branched  panicle  or  loose 
virgate  thyrse;  heads  3"  or  more  long;  outer  scales  of  the 
involucre  mostly  ovate  or  lance-ovate  and  bluntish,  sometimes 
almost  linear  and  acute,  inner  ones  oblong-linear,  yellowish, 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  HI 

with  scarious  margins  and  acute  or  acuminate  tips;  achenes 
pubescent  or  nearly  smooth.  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx.  208. 
Abundant;  dry  fields,  roadsides,  and  among  rocks,  especially 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  Island.  Also  found  on  the  moun- 
tains, distinct,  or  imperceptibly  passing  into  the  next  variety. 
Frenchman  Camp;  Seal  Harbor  (R.  &  R.); —  Sea  wall,  Long 
Pond;  Northeast  Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor;  The  Cliffs,  Seal 
Harbor;  Hunters  Beach  Head;  Long  Pond  meadows;  Sargent 
Mt. ;  Dog  Mt. ;  Pemetic  Mt. ;  Western  Mt. ;  Great  Cranberry 
Isle,  etc.  (Rand). 

Var.  monticola,  Porter.      S.  puberula,  Nutt.,  var.   monticola, 

Porter,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xix.  129. 

Stems  3'-12'  high,  often  slender;  inflorescence  a  short,  com- 
pact, or  sometimes  loose  thyrse,  2' -4?  long;  heads  l£"-3"  long; 
scales  of  the  involucre  variable,  ovate  and  bluntish  or  oblong 
and  obtuse,  inner  ones  not  elongated.  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club, 
xx.  209.  Common  on  mountain  summits,  and  occasionally  at 
lower  altitudes,  even  at  the  sea  level.  Sargent  Mt. ;  Pemetic 
Mt.  ;  Jordan  Mt. ;  Western  Mt. ;  Dog  Mt. ;  Hunters  Beach 
Head;  Seal  Harbor;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

Var.  Redfieldii,  Porter. 

Very  glutinous;  stems  stout  and  rigid,  16'-18'  high;  leaves 
thickish  or  coriaceous;  branches  of  the  panicle  starting  from 
half-way  down  the  stem  or  even  from  the  base,  strict,  erect, 
bearing  short  clusters  of  heads  in  the  upper  bracts ;  heads  small, 
2"-3"  long;  scales  of  the  involucre  short,  more  or  less  scarious. 
Its  inflorescence  is  strikingly  like  that  of  S.  juncea,  Ait.,  var. 
ramosa,  Porter  &  Britt.  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx.  209.  Rare. 
Seal  Harbor,  etc.  (Redfield) ;  —  foot  of  Western  Mt. ;  Great 
Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

S.  sempervirens,  L.     SEA  GOLDEN  ROD. 

Frequent  on  sea  cliffs ;  common  in  salt  or  brackish  marshes, 
and  on  muddy  beaches. 

S,  puberula,  Nutt. 

Dry,  open  ground,  and  by  waysides ;  common ;  —  less  frequent 
in  woods.  Very  variable  in  form  of  inflorescence,  etc.  A  form 


112  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

with  panicle  much-branched,  branches  erect,  much  resembling 
S.  juncea,  Ait.,  var.  ramosa.  Porter  &  Britt.,  in  clearings, 
Sunken  Heath,  and  elsewhere  (Eand).  A  form  with  inflores- 
cence axillary,  much  prolonged,  Emery  District,  and  elsewhere 
(Eand). 

S.  rugosa,  Mill.     S.  altissima,  T.  &  G.,  non  L. 

Fields,  thickets,  and  roadsides ;  common. 
S.  neglecta,  T.  &  G.     SWAMP  GOLDEN  ROD. 

Swamps,  bogs,  and  meadows.  Especially  common  in  sphag- 
num bogs. 

Var.  linoides  (T.  &  G.),  Gray. 

Sphagnum  bogs;  infrequent.  Great  Heath;  The  Heath, 
Great  Cranberry  Isle  (E/and). 

S.  juncea,  Ait.      EARLY  GOLDEN  ROD. 

Dry  ground;  common.  The  earliest  flowering  species  of  the 
genus  on  the  Island.  A  form  more  or  less  pubescent,  Hio, 
Southwest  Harbor  (Eand) .  A  form  approaching  var.  ramosa, 
Porter  &  Britt.,  Jordan  Mt.  (Eand). 

S.  serotina,  Ait. 

Eare.  Copses,  Long  Pond  meadows  (Eedfield) ;  —  Salisbury 
Cove  (Clara  L.  Walley). 

Var.  gigantea  (Ait.),  Gray. 

Copses  and  low  grounds ;  frequent.  A  low  form,  Long  Pond 
meadows  (Eedfield).  A  form  approaching  S.  rupestris,  Eaf., 
Long  Pond  meadows  (Eedfield). 

S.  Canadensis,  L. 

Eoadsides,  fields,  and  thickets;  common. 

Var.  glabrata,  Porter. 

Low,  slender  2° -3°  high,  stems  glabrous  or  glabrate  below, 
puberulent  above;  leaves  numerous,  crowded,  linear-lanceolate, 
tapering  into  a  long  acumination,  upper  ones  entire,  lower  ones 
with  a  few  sharp  serratures,  scabrous  on  the  veins  beneath; 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  113 

panicles  small,  with  filiform  branches ;  bracts  acute  or  acutish*. 
Roadsides  and  thickets;  infrequent.  Near  Hadlock  Brook, 
Wasgatt  Cove  (Rand)  ;  —  road  between  Frenchman  Camp  and 
Hadlock  farm;  Frenchman  Camp;  above  Long  Pond  meadows 
(Redfield). 

S.  nemoralis,  Ait. 

Dry  grounds ;  very  common.  A  form  with  axillary,  much 
prolonged  inflorescence,  clusters  distant, — between  Southwest 
Harbor  and  Bass  Harbor  (Rand). 

S.  lanceolata,  L. 

Roadsides  and  fields;  very  common. 

ASTER,  L.     ASTER. 

A.  macrophyllus,  L.      GREAT-LEAVED  ASTER. 

Woods  and  clearings;  common.  Flowering  more  abundantly 
when  in  clearings  or  in  open  ground.  Often  appearing  with  few 
or  none  of  the  characteristic  root-leaves.  To  this  form,  it  seems, 
should  be  referred  specimens  collected  near  Bubble  Pond  (Red- 
field),  and  named  by  Dr.  Asa  Gray  A.  Herveyi. 

A.  radula,  Ait.      ROUGH-LEAVED  ASTER. 

Low  grounds  and  borders  of  swamps;  common.  A  form  ap- 
proaching var.  strictus,  Gray,  roadside  between  Town  Hill  and 
Emery  District  (Rand). 

A.  undulatus,  L. 

Rare.     Frenchman  Camp  road  (R.  &  R.). 

A.  cordifolius,  L.      HEART-LEAVED  ASTER. 

Wooded  banks  and  waysides;  rare.  Somesville;  Juniper 
Cove ;  near  head  of  Northeast  Harbor  (Rand) . 

A.  Lindleyanus,  T.  &  G. 

Dry  ground;  rare.  Southwest  Valley  road;  High  Head 
(Rand) ;  —  Thompson  Island  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  Frenchman 
Camp  road  (Redfield). 

8 


114          FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

A.  polyphyllus,  Willd. 

Infrequent  and  local;  in  greatest  abundance  on  the  mountains. 
Dbg  Mt. ;  Jordan  Mt. ;  Pemetic  Mt. ;  Long  Pond  meadows 
(Rand) ;  —  Frenchman  Camp ;  on  Hunters  Brook,  near  French- 
man Camp  (E.  &  E.).  The  forms  from  Jordan  Mt.  are  much 
dwarfed. 

A.  ericoides,  L. 

Eare.     Wayside,  road  to  Jordan  Pond  (E.  &  E.). 

A.  vimineus,  Lam. 

Eare.     Frenchman  Camp  (Eand). 

A.  diffusus,  Ait. 

Fields,  thickets,  and  waysides;  very  common.  Variable.  A 
form  with  purple  ray  flowers  and  panicles  less  elongated,  Little 
Harbor  (Eand). 

Van-,  thyrsoideus,  Gray. 

Eare.     Seal  Harbor  (E.  &  E.). 

A.  Tradescanti,  L. 

Eare.     Southern  foot  of  Western  Mt.  (Eand). 

A.  paniculatus,  Lam. 

Moist  ground;  frequent  and  widely  distributed,  especially  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  Island.  Shore  of  Northwest  Arm, 
Great  Pond;  Liscomb  Brook,  and  elsewhere  in  Emery  Dis- 
trict; Oak  Hill  and  northward;  Somesville;  Eipples  Pond; 
Bass  Harbor;  road  to  Great  Pond,  Southwest  Harbor,  etc. 
(Eand). 

A.  salicifolius,  Ait. 

Low  grounds  and  roadsides;  frequent.  Southwest  Harbor; 
southern  foot  of  Western  Mt. ;  Somesville ;  Beech  Hill ;  Oak 
Hill;  Town  Hill;  Bass  Harbor;  Northwest  Cove;  Eden  P.  O., 
etc.  (Eand). 

A.  junceus,  Ait. 

Eare.  Eoadside  between  Southwest  Harbor  and  Bass  Har- 
bor; between  Town  Hill  and  Emery  District  (Eand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  115 

A.  longifolius,  Lam.     Not  of  Gray,  Manual,  5th  ed. 

Low  grounds;  infrequent.  Roadside  thicket  near  Juniper 
Cove;  Cliff  walk,  Seal  Harbor;  Meadow  Brook,  Oak  Hill; 
roadside  between  Town  Hill  and  Emery  District;  Eden  P.  0. ; 
Somes ville  (Rand). 

A.  Novi-Belgii,  L. 

Abundant  everywhere  in  both  wet  and  dry  ground.  Very 
variable  in  foliage,  size  of  heads,  color  of  ray  flowers,  etc.  The 
common  form  has  smooth,  thick  leaves.  A  form  with  very 
narrow  leaves,  Somesville;  Bass  Harbor;  Emery  Cove;  foot  of; 
Western  Mt. ;  Pond  Heath,  etc.  (Rand).  Forms  of  this  species 
apparently  pass  into  A.  puniceus,  L.,  var.  lucidulus,  Gray. 

Forma  albifloms. 

Ray  flowers  pure  white.     Cliffs  east  of  Seal  Harbor  (Rand). 

Forma  roseus. 

A  salt  marsh  form,  low,  only  1°  high;  stems  dark  purple; 
leaves  linear,  thick,  with  purple  midrib,  the  lower  stem  leaves 
bearing  abundant  axillary  clusters  of  small  leaves;  rays  bright 
pink.  Near  Bass  Harbor  (Rand). 

Var.  litoreus,  Gray. 

Salt  marshes  or  wet  shores;  infrequent  or  rare.  Month  of 
Northeast  Creek;  Somes  Harbor;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 
Forms  approaching  this  variety  are  abundant,  but  the  variety 
itself  is  seldom  found. 

A.  patulus,  Lam. 

Rare.  Meadow,  head  of  Northeast  Creek  (M.  L.  Fernald) ;  — 
Town  Hill  road,  Somesville  (Rand). 

A.  tardifloms,  L. 

Rare.  Wood  road  to  Broad  Cove;  road  from  Town  Hill  to 
Thomas  Bay  (Rand). 

A.  pnniceus,  L. 

Common  in  wet  ground. 


116  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  lucidulus,  Gray. 

Frequent  in  wet  places  and  moist  ground.  Seal  Harbor  (Red- 
field)  ;  —  Town  Hill ;  Emery  Cove ;  Youngs  District ;  Eden  P. 
0.,  etc.  (Band).  Apparently  more  abundant  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  Island. 

Var.  laevicaulis,  Gray. 

Infrequent.  Beech  Mt.  Notch  (Rand);  —  stream  south  of 
Bubble  Pond  (R.  &  R.). 

A.  umbellatus,  Mill.     Diplopappus  umbellatus.  T.  &  G. 

Roadsides,  fields,  wood  clearings,  and  dry  places  ;  very 
common. 

A.  acuminatus,  MX. 

Woods  and  clearings ;  common. 

A.  nemoralis,  Ait. 

Peat  bogs  and  open  swamps;  common.  Also  summit  of 
Green  Mt.  in  boggy  depressions  (Rand.) 

Var.  Blakei,   Porter. 

Stems  l°-2£°  high,  simple,  or  often  branched,  inclined  to 
be  flexuous;  leaves  not  crowded  as  in  the  type,  2£'-3'  long, 
•  J'— !'  broad,  lanceolate,  coarsely  toothed  or  entire,  margins  not 
revolute,  thinnish;  heads  few  or  several,  sometimes  solitary, 
showy;  rays  lilac-purple.  — Intermediate  between  A.  nemoralis 
and  A.  acuminatus,  to  both  of  which  some  of  its  forms  make  a 
near  approach.  North  border  of  Somes  Pond  (Rand). 

ERIGERON,  L.     FLEABANE. 
E.  Canadensis,  L.      HORSEWEED.    BUTTERWEED. 

A  common  weed  by  roadsides  and  in  waste  places,  becoming 
yearly  more  abundant  everywhere  on  the  Island. 

E.  strigosus,  Muhl.      SMALLER  DAISY  FLEABANE. 

Fields  and  waysides ;  common.  Rays  sometimes  more  or  less 
deeply  tinged  with  violet. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  117 

ANTENNARIA,  Gsertn.     EVERLASTING. 

A.  plantaginifolia  (L.),  Hook.     MOUSE-EARS.    LADIES'  TOBACCO. 
Dry  soil;  common. 

ANAPHALIS,  DC.     PEARLY  EVERLASTING. 

A.  margaritacea  (L.),  Benth.  &  Hook.     Antennaria  marga- 

ritacea  (L.),  B.  Br.      PEARLY  EVERLASTING. 
Dry  soil,  clearings,  etc.;   common. 

GNAPHALIUM,  L.     CUDWEED. 

G.  polycephalum,  MX.      SWEET  EVERLASTING. 
Dry  fields;  common.      Very  sweet-scented. 

G.  decurrens,  Ives. 

Fields,  in  sandy  soil;  infrequent.  Sawyer  Cove;  Southwest 
Harbor;  Seal  Harbor  (Rand) ;  — Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 

G.  uliginosum,  L.      Low  CUDWEED. 

Roadsides;  common  in  damp  soil.    Also  Green  Mt.  (Redfield). 

AMBROSIA,  L.     RAGWEED. 

A.  artemisisefolia,  L.     RAGWEED. 

A  common  weed  in  waste  places.  Many  people  suppose  its 
pollen  an  effective  cause  of  hay  fever,  and  find  relief  on  the 
Island  owing  to  the  supposed  absence  of  this  plant.  This 
relief  however,  it  seems,  must  be  attributed  to  some  other 
cause,  as  the  plant  in  question  grows  everywhere,  —  even  on 
the  Cranberry  Isles,  —  in  more  or  less  abundance,  and  is  spread- 
ing with  the  increasing  settlement  of  the  Island. 

RUDBECKIA,  L.     CONE  FLOWER. 

R.  hirta,  L.      YELLOW  DAISY.     BLACK-EYED  SUSAN. 

Naturalized  in  grass  fields  from  the  West.  Very  common 
about  Somesville  and  Bar  Harbor,  and  more  or  less  abundant 
all  over  the  Island.  A  fasti giate  form,  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield). 


118  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

HELIANTHUS,  L.     SUNFLOWER. 
H.   annuus,  L.      COMMON  SUNFLOWER. 

Waste  places,  Fernald  Point;  Bar  Harbor  (Hand);—  Seal 
Harbor  (Redfield).  Escaped  from  cultivation. 

BIDENS,  L.     BUB-MARIGOLD. 
B.  frondosa,  L.     BEGGAR  TICKS.    DEVIL'S  PITCHFORK. 

Low  grounds,  wet  places,  and  damp  roadsides;  common,  and 
spreading. 

B.  cernua,  L.      SMALLER  BUR-MARIGOLD. 

Wet  places  ;  frequent.  Sawyer  Cove ;  Mill  Cove ;  Norwood 
Cove;  Valley  Cove;  northern  foot  of  Beech  Hill;  Southwest 
Harbor,  etc.  (Rand) ;  —  Somesville  (R.  &  R.) ;  —  Great  Cran- 
berry Isle  (Redfield). 

ANTHEMIS,  L.     CHAMOMILE. 
A.  COTULA,  L.     Maruta  Cotula  (L.),  DC.     MAYWEED. 

Common  by  roadsides  and  in  waste  places.  Naturalized 
from  Europe. 

ACHILLEA,  L.     YARROW. 
A.  Millefolinm,  L.     COMMON  YARROW. 

Dry  soil;  common  in  settlements,  and  often  remote  from 
dwellings.  Naturalized  from  Europe,  but  also  indigenous. 

Forma  rosea. 

Ray  flowers  rose  to  deep  rose-red  in  color.  Frequent.  North- 
east Harbor:  Fernald  Point  road;  southern  foot  of  Western 
Mt.;  Southwest  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand);—  Somesville  (R.  &  R.). 

A.  Ptarmica,  L.     SNEEZEWORT. 

Doubtless  an  escape,  although  established  for  years  by  road- 
side spring,  far  from  dwellings,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
Adventive  from  Europe  or  farther  north. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  119 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  L.     OX-EYE  DAISY. 
C.  LEUCANTHEMUM,  L.     DAISY.    WHITE-WEED. 

Fields  and  meadows;  very  common.  Naturalized  from  Eu- 
rope. A  form  with  tubular  ray  flowers,  Ovens  (Rand). 

TANACETUM,  L.     TANSY. 
T.  VULGAKE,  L.      COMMON  TANSY.    GOLD  BUTTONS. 

Near  old  dwellings,  and  by  waysides;  frequent.  Jordan 
Pond;  Beech  Hill;  "Sound";  Great  Cranberry  Isle,  etc. 
(Rand) ;  —  Bass  Harbor  Head;  Somesville  (R.  &  R.) ;  —  mouth 
of  Duck  Brook  (R.  H.  Day).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

ARTEMISIA,  L.     WORMWOOD. 

A.    VULGABIS,   L.       MUGWORT. 

Occasional  in  waste  places.  West  side  of  Southwest  Harbor; 
Hulls  Cove  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

A.  Stelleriana,  Besser.     FALSE  DUSTY  MILLER. 

Rare.  Beach,  Mt.  Desert  Narrows  (R.  &  R.,  Annie  S. 
Downs).  Adventive  from  the  north. 

PETASITES,  Gsertn.     SWEET  COLTSFOOT. 

P.  palmata  (Ait.),  Gray. 

Wet  ground;  rare.     Cold  Brook  (E.  Faxon,  R.  &  R.). 

SENECIO,  L.     GROUNDSEL. 
S.  VULGARIS,   L.      COMMON  GROUNDSEL. 

Waste  grounds  and  sea  beaches;  frequent,  especially  near 
the  seashore  and  on  the  islands.  Also,  Green  Mt.  (Annie  S. 
Downs).  On  Flying  Mt.  is  found  a  low,  slender  form  with 
aromatic  foliage  (Rand).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

S.  aureus,  L.      GOLDEN  RAGWORT. 

Rare.     Meadow,  High  Head  (Rand). 


120  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

ERECHTITES,  Raf.     FIREWEED. 
E.  hieracifolia  (L.),  Kaf. 

Wood  clearings,  especially  in  recently  burned  ground; 
common. 

ARCTIUM,  L.     BURDOCK. 
A.  LAPPA,  L. 

Common  in  waste  places,  especially  about  old  dwellings. 
Naturalized  from  Europe. 

CNICITS,  L.     THISTLE. 
C.  LANCEOLATUS  (L.),   Hoffm.      COMMON  THISTLE. 

Pastures,  fields  and  roadsides;  common.  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 

C.  ARVENSIS  (L.),  Hoffm.      CANADA  THISTLE. 

Pastures,  fields,  and  roadsides;  too  common.  Naturalized 
from  Europe. 

Forma  ALBIFLORUS. 

Flowers  pure  white.  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand)  ;  —  Seal  Har- 
bor (Wm.  C.  Lane). 

CENTAUREA,  L.     STAR  THISTLE. 
C.  CYANUS,  L.      BLUEBOTTLE.    BACHELOR'S  BUTTON. 

Occasionally  escaped  from  cultivation  to  roadsides  and  waste 
places,  Southwest  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand,  Annie  S.  Downs). 

ARNOSERIS,  Gsertn.     LAMB'S  SUCCORY. 

A  small,  annual,  scapigerous  herb;  juice  milky;  leaves  all 
radical;  heads  few,  small;  peduncles  clavate,  fistular;  involu- 
cral  bracts  in  one  series,  many,  after  flowering  arching  over  the 
fruit  ;  receptacle  flat,  naked,  pitted  ;  corollas  all  ligulate, 
yellow;  anther  cells  not  tailed;  upper  part  of  style  and  its 
short  obtuse  arms  hairy  ;  fruit  obpyramidal,  furrowed  and 
ribbed,  not  beaked,  crowned  by  a  coriaceous  angular  ring. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  121 

A.  PUSILLA,   Gsertn. 

Glabrous  or  slightly  hairy;  heads  campanulate,  4"  long,  in- 
clined in  bud;  involucral  bracts  herbaceous,  puberulous,  linear- 
lanceolate,  tips  contracted,  obtuse;  fruit  pale  brown,  rugose 
between  the  ribs;  scapes  4'-12'  high,  many,  slender,  rigid, 
sparingly  branched  above;  leaves  2'-4'  long,  narrow,  obovate- 
spatulate  or  -lanceolate,  toothed.  Hooker,  Fl.  Brit.  Isles,  229. 
Rare.  Field,  Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald).  Fugitive 
from  Europe. 

CICHORIUM,  L.     CHicour. 
C.  INTYBUS,  L. 

Kare.  Formerly  in  some  abundance  by  roadside,  Clark  Point, 
Southwest  Harbor  (John  L.  Wakefield,  Rand).  About  1887  the 
plant  was  apparently  exterminated  in  this  station.  It  still  per- 
sists, however,  in  another  locality  on  the  Point,  although  in  no 
abundance.  Adventive  from  Europe. 

LEONTODON,  L.     FALL  DANDELION. 

L.   AUTUMN ALIS,    L. 

Fields  and  roadsides;  very  common.  A  form  with  much 
aborted  ray  flowers,  Emery  District;  Southwest  Harbor;  Great 
Cranberry  Isle  (Rand).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

HIERACIUM,  L.     HAWKWEED. 

t 

H.    AURANTIACUM,     L.        FLAMING   HAWKWEED. 

Fields  and  meadows;  becoming  frequent.  Beech  Hill  (R.  & 
R.) ;  —  High  Head  meadow  (Rand) ;  —  near  Ship  Harbor  (Faxon 
&  Redfield);  — near  Otter  Creek  (Theodore  G.  White).  Natu- 
ralized from  Europe. 

H.  Canadense,  MX.      GREAT  HAWKWEED. 
Woods  and  roadsides ;  frequent. 

H.  paniculatum,  L. 

Rare.  Clearing  on  roadside  by  Denning  Pond;  east  side  of 
Northeast  Harbor  (Rand). 


122  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

H.  scabrum,  MX.     ROUGH  HAWKWEED. 
Woods  and  roadsides;  common. 

PRENANTHES,  L.     (Nabalus,  Cass.)    RATTLESNAKE-ROOT. 
P.  serpentaria,  Pursh.     Nabalus  Fraseri,  DC. 

Dry  soil;  common. 
Var.  nana  (DC.),  Gray.     Nabalus  nanus,  DC. 

Common  on  mountain  summits  and  rocky  places.  Green  Mt. 
(Wm.  C.  Lane) ;  —  Sargent  Mt. ;  Pemetic  Mt. ;  Jordan  Mt. ; 
Beech  Cliff;  Button  Island,  etc.  (Rand). 

P.  altissima,  L.      WOOD  RATTLESNAKE-ROOT. 

Rich  damp  woods ;  frequent.  A  form  with  dark  purple  his- 
pidulous  stems,  Southwest  Valley  road  (Rand) . 

TARAXACUM,  Haller.     DANDELION. 
T.  OFFICINALE,  Web.    T.  Dens-leonis,  Desf.     DANDELION. 

Becoming  common;  roadsides  and  waste  places, —  sometimes 
even  ID  woods.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

LACTUCA,  L.     LETTUCE. 
L.  SATIVA,    L.      GARDEN  LETTUCE. 

Persistent  for  years  in  waste  ground,  Fernald  Point  (Rand). 
Escaped  from  cultivation. 

L.  Canadensis,  L.     WILD  LETTUCE. 

Roadside  and  clearings ;  frequent. 
L.  integrifolia,  Bigel. 

Dry  soil;  infrequent.  Northeast  Harbor  (John  L.  Wake- 
field,  Rand);  —  Somesville;  Frenchman  Camp  (Redfield). 

L.  leucophasa  (Willd.),  Gray.     BLUE  LETTUCE. 

Low  grounds,  roadsides,  and  waste  places ;  common. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  123 

SONCHUS,  L.     Sow  THISTLE. 
S.  OLEEACEUS,   L.      COMMON  Sow  THISTLE. 

Waste  places;  rare.  Sawyer  Cove;  Fernald  Point  (Rand) ; — 
High  Head  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  Clement  farm,  Seal  Harbor 
(Redfield) .  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

S.  ASPER,   Vill.      SPINY  Sow  THISTLE. 

Waste  places;  very  common.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

LOBELIACE^E.     LOBELIA  FAMILY. 

LOBELIA,  L. 
L.  cardinalis,  L.     CARDINAL  FLOWER. 

Rare  and  local.  Borders  of  streams,  Somesville  and  vicinity 
(Rand  and  others) ;  —  also  on  brook  flowing  into  Seal  Cove  Pond 
(Annie  S.  Downs). 

L.  spicata,  Lam. 

Grassy  places ;  frequent.  Somesville;  Wasgatt  Cove  (John 
L.  Wakefield);  — fields  above  Long  Pond  (Redfield) ;  — Seal 
Harbor  (Sara  E.  Boggs); — Northeast  Harbor;  Southwest  Har- 
bor (Rand);—  "Mt.  Desert  "  (F.  M.  Day). 

L.  inflata,  L.     INDIAN  TOBACCO. 

Dry  fields  and  roadsides;  common.  Flowers  pale  blue,  violet, 
or  whitish. 

L.  Dortmanna,  L.     WATER  LOBELIA. 

Common  on  borders  of  ponds  and  often  of  meadow  streams. 
Usually  in  shallow  water;  sometimes  immersed. 

CAMPANULACE^E.    CAMPANULA  FAMILY. 
SPECULARIA,  Heist.     VENUS'S  LOOKING-GLASS. 
S.  perfoliata  (L.),  A.  DC. 

Rare.  Dry  pasture  on  road  to  Mason  Point,  Somesville 
(R.  &  R.).  Possibly  introduced. 


124  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CAMPANULA,  L.     BELLFLOWER. 

C.    RAPUNCULOIDES,  L. 

Occasionally  by  roadsides,  etc.;  escaped  from  cultivation. 
Oak  Hill  (Redfield,  Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  High  Head;  Somes- 
ville  (Eand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

C.  rotundifolia,  L.      BLUEBELL.     HAREBELL. 

Cliffs  on  seashore,  and  frequently  on  the  mountains;  common. 

Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  white.  Ovens  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  Otter  Cliffs 
(Annie  S.  Downs,  Kand). 

ERICACEAE.    HEATH  FAMILY. 

GAYLUSSACIA,  HBK.     HUCKLEBERRY. 
G.  dumosa  (Andr.),  T.  &  G.     BOG  HUCKLEBERRY. 

Frequent  in  sphagnum  bogs.  Bog  near  Somesville  (William 
H.  Dunbar) ;  —  Somes  Pond ;  Sunken  Heath ;  The  Heath, 
Great  Cranberry  Isle;  Great  Heath  (Kand). 

G.  resinosa  (Ait.),  T.  &  G.     COMMON  HUCKLEBERRY. 
Dry  or  wet  ground;  common. 

VACCINIUM,  L.     BLUEBERRY.     CRANBERRY. 
V.  Pennsylvanicum,  Lam.     DWARF  BLUEBERRY. 

Very  common  everywhere  in  dry  soil;  abundant  on  the  hills 
and  mountains.  Variable.  A  form  with  bluish-red  and  white 
fruit,  Jordan  Mt.  (Rand).  A  well  marked  form  with  dark  blue- 
green  leaves,  reddish  shoots,  and  dark  blue  fruit  with  little  or 
no  bloom,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.). 

V.  Canadense,  Kalm.     CANADA  BLUEBERRY. 

Common  in  woods  or  moist  ground.  Fruit  ripening  later 
than  that  of  the  preceeding  species,  and  more  acid. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  125 

V.   corymbosum,  L.      HIGH-BUSH  BLUEBERRY. 

Swamps  and  low  thickets ;  frequent.  Somesville  and  vicinity 
(E.  &  R.);  — Witch  Hole  (Eand) ;  —  Hulls  Cove  (F.  M.  Day, 
J.  H.  Curtis). 

Var.  amcenum  (Ait.),  Gray. 

Somesville  (Redfield,  M.  L.  Fernald) ;  —  Breakneck  Ponds 
(Rand). 

This  species  and  variety  seem  to  be  rare  except  in  the  central 
and  northern  parts  of  the  Island. 

V.  Vitis-Idaea,  L.     MOUNTAIN  CRANBERRY. 

Common  everywhere,  shore  and  mountains,  and  on  the  islands. 
Fruit  much  used  for  sauce,  largely  taking  the  place  of  V.  macro- 
carpon  for  this  purpose. 

V.  Oxycoccus,  L.     SMALL  CRANBERRY. 

Common  in  sphagnum  bogs,  and  in  wet  places  on  mountains 
and  shore.  Also  on  Cranberry  Isles. 

V.  macrocarpon,  Ait.      LARGE  CRANBERRY. 

Bogs;  common,  but  rarely  in  great  abundance.  Also  on 
Cranberry  Isles,  whence  their  name. 

CHIOGENES,  Salisb.     CHEEPING  SNOWBERRY. 

C.  serpyllifolia,  Salisb.     C.  hispidula  (L.),  T.  &  G. 
Deep  mossy  woods;  common. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS,  Adans.    BEARBERRY. 

A.  Uva-ursi  (L.),  Spreng.      COMMON  BEARBERRY. 

Open,  rocky  places;  infrequent  and  local.  Browns  Mt. 
(William  C.  Lane);  — Beech  Cliff;  Dog  Mt.  (Rand);— Barr 
Hill;  Newport  Mt.  (Redfield)  ;  —  "  Somes  Sound,  Southwest 
Harbor"  (Elizabeth  G.  Britton);  —  Robinson  Mt.  (Anna  H. 
Bee);  —  near  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 


126  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

EPIG-fflA,  L.     TRAILING  ARBUTUS. 
E.  repens,  L.     MAYFLOWER.    TRAILING  ARBUTUS. 

Frequent  in  woodlands,  but  seldom  very  abundant. 

GAULTHERIA,  L.     AROMATIC  WINTERGREEN. 
G.  procumbens,  L.     CREEPING  WINTERGREEN.    CHECKERBERRY. 
Common  everywhere  in  woods,  shady  places,  and  clearings. 

ANDROMEDA,  L. 
A.  polifolia,  L. 

Bogs;  infrequent.  Swampy  roadside,  south  of  Salisbury 
Cove;  Hadlock  Upper  Pond;  Sunken  Heath  (Rand);  —  Pond 
Heath  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Rand) ;  —  Great  Heath  (Redfield). 

CASSANDRA,  Don.     LEATHER  LEAF. 

C.  calyculata  (L.),  Don. 

Bogs  and  marshy  borders  of  ponds;  common. 

KALMIA,  L.     AMERICAN  LAUREL. 
K.  angustifolia,  L.     SHEEP  LAUREL.    LAMBKILL. 

Hillsides,  pastures,  and  thickets  in  dry  or  damp  ground; 
common.  Also  abundant  on  the  mountains. 

K  glauca,  Ait.     PALE  LAUREL. 

Sphagnum  bogs;  frequent.  Pond  Heath  (Greenleaf  &  Rand, 
E.  Faxon)  ;  —  Freeman  Heath  (Faxon  &  Rand)  ;  —  Sea  Wall 
Swamp ;  Sunken  Heath ;  Great  Heath  (Rand) ;  —  bog  by  road- 
side west  of  Sea  Wall;  The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R. 
&R.). 

RHODODENDRON,  L.     ROSE-BAY.     AZALEA. 
R.  Rhodora,  Don.     Rhodora  Canadensis,  L.     RHODORA. 

Common  in  damp  thickets  and  swamps,  and  in  wet  or  even 
in  dry  places  on  the  mountains.  Very  variable  in  color  of 
flowers.  Sometimes  three  to  five  feet  high. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  127 

Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  pure  white.     Southwest  Harbor  (Annie  S.  Downs). 

LEDUM,  L.     LABRADOR  TEA. 
L.  latifolium,  Ait. 

Common  in  bogs,  and  often  in  dry  ground.  Not  very  abun- 
dant in  the  southern  part  of  the  Island,  but  common  on  the 
Cranberry  Isles. 

CLETHRA,  L.     WHITE  ALDER. 
C.  alnifolia,  L.      SWEET  PEPPERBUSH.    WHITE  ALDER. 

Kare.  Wet  ground  near  Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (Annie  S. 
Downs).  Reported  to  grow  also  in  meadow  on  Denning  Brook, 
and  on  Great  Cranberry  Isle. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pursh.     WINTERGBEEN. 

C.  nmbellata  (L.),  Nutt.     PRINCE'S  PINE.    PIPSISSEWA.    WINTER- 
GREEN. 

Dry  woods;  frequent. 

MONESES,  Salisb.     ONE-FLOWERED  PYROLA. 
M.  grandiflora,  Salisb.     M.  uniflora  (L.),  Gray. 

Deep  mossy  woods  all  over  the  Island ;  frequent.  Also  on  the 
Cranberry  Isles  (Redfield). 

PYROLA,  L.     SHINLEAF. 
P.  secunda,  L.     ONE-SIDED  PYROLA. 

Rich  woods;  frequent. 
P.  chlorantha,  Swz. 

Deep  woods ;  infrequent.  Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch ;  Cold 
Brook  (Rand);  —Bar  Island,  Bar  Harbor  (F.  M.  Day);  — Seal 
Harbor  (Redfield) ;  —  near  Beech  Hill  (Arnold  Greene). 


128  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT, 

P.  elliptica,  Nutt. 

Common  in  woodlands. 
P.  rotundifolia,  L.      ROUND-LEAVED  PYROLA. 

Occasional  in  dry  woods.  Great  Pond ;  Salisbury  Cove  (Henry 
C.  Jones)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield);  —  Cold  Brook  (Rand). 

MONOTROPA,  L.     INDIAN  PIPE.     PINESAP. 
M.  uniflora,  L.     INDIAN  PIPE. 

Damp  woods;  not  uncommon. 
M.  Hypopitys,  L.     PINESAP. 

Dry  woods;  infrequent.  Hadlock  Upper  Pond ;  eastern  side 
of  Browns  Mt.  (William  H.  Dunbar) ;  —  Cold  Brook  (Rand) ;  — 
Green  Mt.  Gorge  (F.  M.  Day);  —  Western  Mt.  (Annie  M. 
Rand);  —  Northwest  Arm  woods  (R.  &  R.). 

PLUMBAGINACE.E.     LEADWORT  FAMILY. 

STATICE,  L.     MARSH  ROSEMARY. 
S.  Limonium,  L.,  var.  Caroliniana,  Gray.     SEA  LAVENDER. 

Muddy  beaches  and  salt  marshes  ;  frequent.  Somes  Harbor, 
and  shores  at  head  of  Somes  Sound  (Henry  C.  Jones,  R.  &  R.); 
—  near  Ovens;  Bass  Harbor;  High  Head,  and  northern  shores 
of  the  Island  (Rand) ;  —  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.). 

PKIMULACE^E.     PRIMROSE  FAMILY. 

TRIENTALIS,  L.     STAR-FLOWER. 

T.  Americana  (Pers.),  Pursh.     STAR-FLOWER.    STAR  ANEMONE, 
Low  woods;   common. 

LYSIMACHIA,  L.     LOOSESTRIFE. 
L.  quadrifolia,  L.      WHORLED  LOOSESTRIFE. 
Open  woods,  hills,  and  roadsides ;  common. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  129 

L.  stricta,  Ait.     SWAMP  LOOSESTRIFE. 

Wet  ground  and  swamps  ;  common. 
Var.  ovata. 

Stems  at  length  much  branched  above,  the  branches  often 
equalling  or  exceeding  the  inflorescence;  leaves  ovate  to  ovate- 
lanceolate,  narrowing  less  abruptly  at  the  base,  shorter-peti- 
oled,  veins  apparent  ;  raceme  short  and  few-flowered.  Wet 
ground,  Somesville  (Kedfield). 

L.  thyrsiflora,  L.     TUFTED  LOOSESTRIFE. 

Eare.  Intervale  Brook,  near  Hulls  Cove  (F.  M.  Day) ;  — 
bog,  northern  foot  of  Beech  Hill  (Band) . 

GLAUX,  L.     SEA  MILKWOBT. 
G.  maritima,  L. 

Salt  marshes  and  muddy  beaches ;  frequent. 

OLEACE^S.    OLIVE  FAMILY. 

FRAXINTJS,  L.    ASH. 
F.  Americana,  L.     WHITE  ASH. 

Moist  woods;  common. 
F.  sambucifolia,  Lam.     BLACK  ASH. 
Swamps  and  damp  woods;  frequent. 

SYRINGA,  L.     LILAC. 
S.  VULGARIS,   L.     COMMON  LILAC. 

Occasionally  escaped  to  roadsides  near  dwellings  (E.  &  E.). 
Adventive  from  Eastern  Europe  or  Asia. 

APOCYNACE^E.    DOGBANE  FAMILY. 

APOCYNTTM,  L.     DOGBANE. 
A.  androssemifolium,  L.     SPREADING  DOGBANE. 

Eoadsides  and  thickets;  infrequent.  Otter  Creek  (William 
H.  Dunbar) ;  — Northeast  Harbor,  and  elsewhere  (Eand);  — 


130  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Prettymarsh    (Kedfield) ;  —  Somesville  ;    Hadlock   farm,    Seal 
Harbor  (E.  &  R.) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (F.  M.  Day). 

GENTIANACE.E.    GENTIAN  FAMILY. 

BARTONIA,  Muhl. 

B.  tenella,  Muhl. 

Rare.     Damp  hollows,  summit  of  Green  Mt.  (Band,  William 

C.  Lane). 

MENYANTHES,  L.     BUCKBEAN. 
M.  trifoliata,  L. 

Bogs ;  rare.  Northeast  Harbor  (John  L.  Wakefield) ;  —  Somes 
Pond  (Rand);  — Great  Duck  Island  (Redfield) ;  —  Mt.  Desert 
(F.  L.  Temple). 

LIMNANTHEMUM,  Gmel.    FLOATING  HEART. 

L.  lacunosum  (Vent.),  Griseb. 

Frequent  in  ponds.  Hadlock  Lower  Pond  (William  H.  Dun- 
bar);— Witch  Hole  (Rand,  F.  M.  Day,  Redfield) ;  —  Ripples 
Pond  ;  Great  Pond  ;  Denning  Pond  (Rand) ;  —  Eagle  Lake  ; 
Mountain  Pond;  Newport  Pond  (Redfield). 

BORRAGINACEJE.    BORAGE  FAMILY. 

MERTENSIA,  Roth.     LUNGWORT. 
M.  maritima  (L.),  Don.     SEA  LUNGWORT. 

Frequent  on  sea  beaches,  especially  on  southern  coast  of  the 
Island,  and  on  the  Cranberry  Isles.  Flowers  pink  to  blue,  very 
rarely  white. 

LYCOPSIS,  L.     BUGLOSS. 
L.  ARVENSIS,  L.     SMALL  BUGLOSS. 

Naturalized  for  years  at  Fernald  Point  (William  H.  Dunbar, 
Rand);  —  also  in  waste  ground,  Somesville  (Rand).  Natural- 
ized from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  131 

CONVOLVULACE^E.    CONVOLVULUS  FAMILY. 

CONVOLVULUS,  L.     BINDWEED. 

C.  sepium,  L.,  var.  Americanus,  Sims.    WILD  MORNING  GLOBT. 
Sea  beaches ;  common. 

CUSCUTA,  L.     DODDER. 
C.  Gronovii,  Willd. 

Infrequent;  mostly  on  the  coast.  Growing  on  various 
plants,  especially  Aster,  Solidago,  and  Ligusticum.  Baker 
Island  (Henry  C.  Jones,  Redfield)  ;  —  Southwest  Harbor ; 
Somesville;  Sea  Wall,  etc.  (Kand). 

SOLANACE^E.    NIGHTSHADE  FAMILY. 

SOLANUM,  L.     NIGHTSHADE. 
S.  DULCAMARA,  L.     BITTERSWEET. 

Near  dwellings  and  in  low  grounds.  Hulls  Cove;  Breakneck 
Road  (F.  M.  Day);— Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning).  Ad- 
ventive  from  Europe. 

S.  nigrum,  L.     COMMON  NIGHTSHADES. 

Frequent  on  sea  beaches,  seldom  elsewhere.  Cranberry  Isles 
(John  L.  Wakefield,  K.  &  K.)  ;  —  Greening  Island;  Mill  Cove; 
Bar  Harbor;  Sea  Wall,  etc.  (Kand).  Probably  not  indigenous 
within  our  limits. 

NICANDRA,  Adans.     APPLE  OF  PERU. 

N.    PHYSALOIDES   (L.),   Gsdltn. 

Waste  ground,  foot  of  Long  Pond  (E.  &  K.).  Adventive 
from  South  America. 

SCROPHULARIACEuE.    FIGWORT  FAMILY. 

VERBASCUM,  L.     MULLEIN. 
V.  THAPSUS,  L.     COMMON  MULLEIN. 

Fields,  pastures,  and  roadsides ;  frequent.  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 


132  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

LINARIA,  Juss.     TOAD  FLAX. 

L.  Canadensis  (L.),  Dumont.     WILD  TOAD  FLAX. 

Frequent  in  dry  soil.  An  exceedingly  depauperate  form  in 
gravelly  hollows  among  rocks,  especially  on  the  mountains. 
Browns  Mt. ;  Flying  Mt.,  etc.  (Band) ;  —  shore,  Northeast  Har- 
bor (B.  E.  J.  Gresham);  — Baker  Island  (Redfield). 

L.  VULGARIS,  Mill.      BUTTER-AND-EGGS. 

Koadsides ;  infrequent.  Southwest  Harbor ;  Town  Hill ; 
Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand); —  Baker  Island  (Redfield). 

CHELONE,  L.     SNAKE-HEAD.     TURTLE-HEAD. 
C.  glabra,  L. 

Wet  places,  along  brooks  and  rills ;  frequent. 

ILYSANTHES,  Raf. 
I.  riparia,  Raf .     /.  gratioloides  (L.),  Benth.    FALSE  PIMPERNEL. 

Rare.  Muddy  border  of  Somes  Stream  (R.  &  R.); — shore 
of  little  mill-pond,  Somesville  (Rand). 

VERONICA,  L.     SPEEDWELL. 
V.  scntellata,  L.      MARSH  SPEEDWELL. 

Boggy  ground;  infrequent.  Northeast  Harbor  (William  H. 
Dunbar);  —  Ripples  Pond;  High  Head  meadow;  bog  near  Sea 
Wall  (Rand);—  "Mt.  Desert"  (F.  M.  Day). 

V.  officinalis,    L.     COMMON  SPEEDWELL. 

Dry  ground;  rare  and  local.  Roadsides  and  fields,  Salisbury 
Cove  (Faxon,  R.  &  R.); —  " Norway  Drive,"  south  of  Salisbury 
Cove  (Rand,  Mary  Minot).  Apparently  confined  to  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Salisbury  Cove,  and  appearing  both  introduced  and 
indigenous. 

V.  serpyllifolia,  L.      THYME-LEAVED  SPEEDWELL. 

Fields,  clearings,  and  roadsides ;  common.  Apparently  both 
introduced  and  indigenous. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  133 

V.  peregrina,  L.      PURSLANE  SPEEDWELL. 

Dry  places;  frequent.  Flying  Mt.  (Henry  C.  Jones) ; —  Nor- 
wood Cove,  etc.  (Rand)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor;  Great  Cranberry  Isle; 
Great  Duck  Island  (Redfield) ;  —  Somesville  (M.  L.  Fernald); 
—  mouth  of  Denning  Brook  (R.  &  R.).  All  plants  small  and 
dwarfed,  hardly  branched,  very  unlike  the  common  garden  form 
of  this  weed. 

V.  ABVENSIS,  L.      CORN  SPEEDWELL. 

Dry  places;  infrequent.  High  Head;  Flying  Mt.  (Rand);  — 
Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield) ;  —  mouth  of  Denning  Brook 
(R.  &  R.); — Bar  Harbor  (Dr.  H.  C.  Chapman).  Appearing 
indigenous  here,  but  said  to  be  naturalized  from  Europe. 

V.  BUXBAUMII,  Ten. 

Waste  ground;  rare.  Norwood  Cove  (Rand).  Adventive 
from  Europe. 

EUPHRASIA,  L.     EYEBRIGHT. 

E.  officinalis,  L. 

Dry  ground;  common  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Island,  and 
on  the  neighboring  islands.  Also  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 
If  introduced,  of  very  early  introduction,  but  probably  indige- 
nous. Very  variable.  A  form  from  Sea  Wall  (Rand),  having 
extremely  small  flowers  with  corolla  scarcely  spreading,  and 
leaves  less  toothed  and  cut  and  more  crenate,  corresponds  fairly 
well  to  the  description  of  var.  Tatarica,  Benth.,  but  does  not 
agree  with  herbarium  specimens.  It  appears  to  be  intermediate 
between  E.  curta,  Fries,  and  E.  gracilis,  Fries.  The  species, 
however,  is  so  variable,  and  has  been  so  subdivided,  that  it  is 
impossible  to  name  with  any  certainty  its  subspecies  and  varie- 
ties without  a  careful  study  of  the  type  specimens. 

RHINANTHUS,  L.     YELLOW  RATTLE. 
E.  Crista-galli,  L. 

Common  in  fields  and  on  roadsides.  If  introduced,  of  very 
early  introduction. 


134  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

PEDICULARIS,  L.     LOUSEWORT. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.     COMMON  LODSEWORT. 

Fields;  common  in  centre,  west,  and  north  of  the  Island; 
rare  elsewhere,  e.  g.  Beech  Hill  (E.  &  E. ) ;  —  Northeast  Har- 
bor; Southwest  Harbor  (Band). 

MELAMPYRUM,  L.     Cow  WHEAT. 

M.  Americanum,  MX. 

Frequent  in  dry,  open  woods. 

OROBANCHACE^.     BROOM-RAPE  FAMILY. 

EPIPHEGUS,  Nutt.     BEECHDROPS. 
E.  Virginiana  (L.),  Bart. 

Under  beech  trees;  rare.  Northern  end  of  Jordan  Pond 
(Eedfield);  — Clark  Valley  (Eand). 

APHYLLON,  Mitchell.     NAKED  BROOM-RAPE. 
A.  uniflorum  (L.),  Gray.     ONE-FLOWERED  BROOM-RAPE. 

Low  ground,  woods  and  copses;  rare.  Near  Little  Harbor  j 
head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow  (Eand). 

LENTIBULARIACE^E.     BLADDERWORT  FAMILY. 
UTRICULARIA,  L.    BLADDERWORT. 

IT.  inflata,  Walt.     FLOATING  BLADDERWORT. 

Bare.     Witch  Hole  (Eand,  F.  M.  Day,  Eedfield). 

U.  clandestine  Nutt. 

Eare.  Mountain  Pond  (Eand) ;  —  pools,  west  side  of  Great 
Cranberry  Isle  (E.  &  E.). 

U.  vulgaris,  L.      GREATER  BLADDERWORT. 

Marshy  ponds,  pools,  and  slow  streams;  common. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  135 

IT.  gibba,  L. 

Pond  shores ;  rare.  Breakneck  Ponds  (F.  M.  Day) ;  —  Somes 
Pond  (Band).  A  form  from  mud  flats,  Somes  Pond  (Rand), 
closely  approaches  U.  biftora,  Lam.,  and  may  perhaps  prove  to 
be  that  species.  "The  flower  has  the  spurs  of  U.  biflora  very 
decidedly,  but  the  foliage  and  the  bladders  are  those  of  U.  gibba. 
The  spur  here  is  oblong,  narrow,  not  curved  but  projecting 
straightwise,  and  the  perianth  is  somewhat  larger  than  is  gen- 
erally the  case  in  U.  gibba.  Other  specimens  with  foliage  and 
bladders  better  represented  might  show  this  to  be  U.  biflora, 
but  at  present  it  is  safer  to  call  it  '  U.  gibba  verging  towards 
U.  biftora  in  flowers.'  "  Dr.  Thomas  Morong  in  litt. 

U.  intermedia,  Hayne. 

Bogs  and  streams;  common.  Usually  sterile;  but  in  flower, 
Breakneck  Ponds  (R.  &  R.,  E.  Faxon). 

U.  purpurea,  Walt.     LARGE  PURPLE  BLADDERWORT. 

Ponds;  infrequent.  Seal  Cove  Pond  (R.  &  R.); — Aunt 
Bettys  Pond  (Rand). 

U.  resupinata,  B.  D.  Greene.     SMALL  PURPLE  BLADDERWORT. 

Pond  shores;  rare.  Breakneck  Ponds  (F.  M.  Day);  —  Rip- 
ples Pond  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

U.  cornuta,  MX.     LONG-SPURRED  BLADDERWORT. 

Very  common  on  pond  shores,  in  marshes,  and  sphagnum 
bogs. 

LABIAT^E.     MINT  FAMILY. 

TEUCRIUM,  L.     GERMANDER. 
T.  Canadense,  L.     AMERICAN  GERMANDER.    WOOD  SAGE. 

Infrequent  on  banks  and  in  low  ground  by  the  shore,  at  the 
head  of  sea  beaches.  Long  Pond  (William  L.  Worcester) ;  — 
Duck  Cove  (Rand)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield)  ;  —  Southwest 
Harbor  (Annie  S.  Downs)  ;  —  Otter  Creek  (R.  &  R.). 


136  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

MENTHA,  L.     MINT. 
M.  VIRIDIS,  L.      SPEARMINT. 

Rare.  Runlet  and  roadside  ditch,  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  — 
head  of  Ripples  Pond  (Rand).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

M.  SATIVA,  L.     WHORLED  MINT. 

Brooksides;  rare.  Northeast  Harbor;  near  Carter  Nubble 
(Rand)  ;  —  Northeast  Creek  (M.  L.  Fernald).  Naturalized 
from  Europe. 

M.  ARVENSIS,  L.      CORN  MINT. 

Roadside  ditches  and  moist  ground;  infrequent,  but  not  rare 
about  Southwest  Harbor.  Also  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.) ; 
—  field  above  Long  Pond  (Rand).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 
A  tall  form  with  thinner,  more  sharply  serrate  leaves,  wet 
roadside  by  Juniper  Cove;  brooksides,  Norwood  Cove  (Rand). 

M.  Canadensis,  L.     WILD  MINT. 

Wet  places  and  shady  banks;  frequent.  Also  Great  Cran- 
berry Isle  (Rand) ;  —  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 

LYCOPUS,  L.     WATER  HOREHOUND. 
L.  Virginicus,  L.     BUGLEWEED. 

Common  in  low  ground,  and  often  becoming  a  weed  in  culti- 
vated grounds.  Small,  depauperate  forms  are  frequent. 

L.  sinuatus,  Ell.      CUT-LEAVED  BUGLEWEED. 
Common  in  wet  places. 

THYMUS,  L.     THYME. 
T.    SERPYLLUM,  L.      CREEPING  THYME. 

Well  established  in  a  field,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot),  Ad- 
vent ive  from  Europe. 

SATUEEIA,  L.     SAVORY. 
S.  HORTENSIS,  L.      SUMMER  SAVORY. 

Escaped  from  cultivation;  in  field  and  waste  ground,  South- 
west Harbor  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  137 

HEDEOMA,  Pers.     AMERICAN  PENNYROYAL. 
H.  pnlegioides  (L.),  Pers.     AMERICAN  PENNYROYAL. 
Common  in  dry  soil. 

NEPETA,  L.     CATNIP. 
N.  CATARIA,  L.     CATNIP. 

Bare.  Roadside  near  O'Connor  Cove  ;  Thompson  Island 
(Annie  S.  Downs);  —  waste  ground  near  dwellings,  Fernald 
Point;  Sutton  Island  (Hand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

N.  GLECHOMA,  Benth.     GROUND  IVY.    GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND. 

Door  yards  and  waste  grounds  ;  infrequent.  Somesville; 
Southwest  Harbor  (Band).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

SCTJTELLARIA,  L.     SKULLCAP. 

S.  lateriflora,  L.     MAD-DOG  SKULLCAP. 

Wet  shady  places;  infrequent.  Marsh,  Valley  Cove;  head  of 
Northeast  Creek ;  High  Head  meadow  (Band) ;  —  Somesville 
(Annie  S.  Downs,  Band);—  "Mt.  Desert"  (F.  M.  Day);  — Bar 
Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 

S.  galericulata,  L.     COMMON  SKULLCAP. 

Common  on  sea  beaches  and  banks  by  the  shore ;  more  rarely 
on  pond  shores. 

Forma  rosea. 

Flowers  rose-color.     Beach,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Band). 

BRUNELLA,  L.     SELF-HEAL. 
B.  vulgaris,  L.     COMMON  SELF-HEAL. 
Woods,  fields,  and  roadsides ;  common. 

Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  pure  white.     Meadows  above  Long  Pond  (Bedfield). 


138  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

LEONURUS,  L.     MOTHEBWORT. 
L.  CARDIAC  A,  L.      COMMON  MOTHEBWORT. 

Waste  places  and  by  dwellings;  rare.  Tarr  Valley,  near  Fer- 
nald  Point  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  Oak  Hill ;  Sargent  Cove 
(Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

GALEOPSIS,  L.     HEMP  NETTLE. 
G.  TETRAHIT,  L.     COMMON  HEMP  NETTLE. 

A  common  weed  in  waste  places  and  in  cultivated  grounds. 
Said  to  be  naturalized  from  Europe,  but  appearing  indigenous, 
at  least  in  northern  New  England. 

STACHYS,  L.     HEDGE  NETTLE. 

S.    ARVENSIS,    L.        WOUNDWORT. 

Rare.  Field,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot).  Adventive  from 
Europe. 

PLANTAGINACE^E.     PLANTAIN  FAMILY. 

PLANTAGO,  L.     PLANTAIN. 
P.  major,  L.     COMMON  PLANTAIN. 

Fields  and  waysides ;  very  common.  Commonly  naturalized 
from  Europe.  This  plant,  however,  is  found  all  over  the  Island 
in  many  places  so  remote  from  dwellings  or  cultivated  grounds 
as  to  lead  to  the  inference  that  it  may  be  also  indigenous. 
Thick-leaved  saline  forms  are  frequent  on  sea  beaches.  Little 
Harbor;  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield) ; —  Great  Cranberry 
Isle  (Rand). 

P.    LANCEOLATA,    L.       RlBGRASS. 

Waysides  and  grass  lands;  formerly  rare,  but  of  late  years 
becoming  more  common.  Mill  Cove;  Little  Harbor;  Southwest 
Harbor  (Rand);  —Bar  Harbor  (Rand,  W.  H.  Manning). 

P.  decipiens,  Barn.     SEA  PLANTAIN. 

Very  common  in  salt  marshes,  on  beaches,  and  among  rocks 
on  the  shore. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  139 

P.  Patagonica,  Jacq.,  var.  aristata  (Mx.),  Gray. 

Rare.  Field,  Southwest  Harbor  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  Bar 
Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning).  Adventive  from  the  West. 

DIVISION  III.     APETAKZE. 

AMARANTACE^E.     AMARANTH  FAMILY. 

AMARANTHS,  L.     AMARANTH. 

A.    RETROFLEXUS,     L.        AMARANTH   PlGWEED. 

Eoadsides  and  cultivated  grounds  ;  becoming  frequent.  Bar 
Harbor ;  Southwest  Harbor  ;  Somesville  ;  Long  Pond,  etc. 
(Band)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor,  etc.  (Redfield).  Adventive  from  Trop- 
ical America. 

A.  albus,  L.     TUMBLEWEED. 

Cultivated  grounds;  becoming  frequent.  Southwest  Harbor; 
Long  Pond ;  Seal  Harbor,  etc.  (Rand)  ;  —  field  on  Northeast 
Creek  (M.  L.  Fernald) .  Adventive  from  the  South  and  West. 

CHENOPODIACE^E.     GOOSEFOOT  FAMILY. 
SPINACIA,  L.     SPINACH. 

Dioecious;  flowers  axillary,  glomerate.  Staminate  flowers  in 
racemose-paniculate  clusters,  calyx  4-5-parted,  the  lobes  equal. 
Calyx  of  pistillate  flowers  ventricose-tubular,  2-3-toothed;  ovary 
ovoid,  styles  4,  elongated,  filiform,  achene  included  in  the  tur- 
gid indurated  calyx,  which  is  often  2-3-horned  on  the  back; 
seed  vertical  and  compressed;  embryo  annular,  surrounding  the 
farinaceous  albumen.  Darlington,  Am.  Weeds  and  Useful 
Plants  (Rev.  ed.),  274. 

S.    GLABRA,    Mill. 

Herbaceous,  glabrous  throughout;  leaves  sagittate,  sometimes 
oblong-ovate,  entire,  acute,  slender-petioled  ;  flowers  green  ; 
fruiting  calyx  solitary,  rounded,  without  prickles,  toothed  at 


140  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

the  apex.  [For  a  more  detailed  description,  see  DC.  Prod., 
xiii.  2.  118.]  Abundant  in  waste  ground,  Somesville  (Kand). 
Adventive  from  Asia. 

CHENOPODIUM,  L.     PIGWEED. 
C.  ALBUM,  L.      PIGWEED. 

A  common  weed  in  cultivated  ground,  and  on  sea  beaches. 
Very  variable.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

ATRIPLEX,  L.     ORACHE. 
A.  patulum,  L.,  var.  hastatum  (L.),  Gray. 

Sea  beaches,  salt  marshes,  etc.;  very  common  and  variable. 
Both  prostrate  and  erect  forms  are  found. 

Var.  littorale  (L.),  Gray. 

Hare.     Beach,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

SALICORNIA,  L.     SAMPHIRE. 
S.  herbacea,  L. 

Salt  meadows,  and  muddy  shores  on  the  coast;  common. 

SU-E2DA,  Forskal.     SEA  BLITE. 

S.  linearis  (Ell.),  Moq. 
Common  on  sea  beaches. 

SALSOLA,  L.     SALTWORT. 
S.  Kali,  L. 

Sea  beaches;  frequent,  especially  on  Cranberry  Isles. 

POLYGONACE^E.     BUCKWHEAT  FAMILY. 

RUMEX,  L.     DOCK.     SORREL. 
R.  PATIENTIA,  L.      PATIENCE  DOCK. 

Hare.     Dry  fields  near  Little  Harbor  (Redfield).     Adventive 
from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  141 

R.  Britannica,  L.     GREAT  WATER  DOCK. 

Common  in  swamps  and  wet  places  back  of  sea  beaches ;  less 
common  in  wet  ground  farther  inland, —  Long  Pond  meadows; 
Somesville  (Eedfield). 

R.  salicifolius,  Weinm.     WHITE  DOCK. 

Sea  beaches;  frequent,  especially  on  Cranberry  Isles  and 
western  and  northern  shores  of  the  Island.  Also  Northeast 
Harbor;  Sea  Wall  (Rand) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (W.  H.  Manning). 

R.  verticillatus,  L.     SWAMP  DOCK. 

Hare.     Marsh  on  Northeast  Creek;  Norwood  Cove  (Rand). 

R.  CRISPUS,  L.      CURLED  DOCK. 

Common  in  cultivated  and  waste  ground.  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 

R.    OBTUSIFOLIUS,    L.        BlTTER   DOCK. 

Waste  places ;  rare.  Somesville  (Rand) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (W. 
H.  Manning).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

R.  ACETOSELLA,  L.   FlELD  SORREL. 

A  very  common  weed  in  fields  and  waste  places.  Naturalized 
from  Europe. 

POLYGONUM,  L.     KNOTWEED. 
P.  aviculare,  L.      DOORWEED. 

A  common  weed  about  dwellings,  by  roadsides,  etc.  Vari- 
able; erect  or  prostrate. 

P.  Rail,  Bab. 

Stems  long,  straggling,  prostrate;  leaves  bending  towards 
the  stem,  elliptic-lanceolate,  flat;  ochrese  lanceolate,  acute,  with 
few  distinct  simple  veins,  at  length  torn;  nut  smooth,  shining, 
exceeding  the  perianth.  Resembling  P.  aviculare  in  habit, 
but  P.  maritimum  in  fruit.  Filaments  broader  at  the  base.  It 
varies  with  smaller  leaves  and  flowers.  Babington,  Man.  Brit. 
Bot.  (4th  ed.)  285.  Common  on  sea  beaches.  This  species  has 
been  often  mistaken  for  P.  maritimum,  and  so  reported.  So 
far  as  known,  however,  P.  maritimum  is  not  found  within  the 


142  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

limits  of  this  list.  The  specimen  attributed  to  Mt.  Desert  in 
Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xix.  362,  is  now  pronounced  to  be  P. 
Rail  (fide  J.  K.  Small). 

P.  lapathifolium,  L. 

In  cultivated  grounds;  rare.  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
Doubtless  introduced. 

P.  Hartwrightii,  Gray. 

Rare.     Bog,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
P.  Careyi,  Olney. 

Rare.  Wet  ground  on  wood  road,  Town  Hill  (M.  L.  Fernald). 
P.  PERSICARTA,  L.  LADY'S  THUMB. 

Common  in  waste  and  damp  places.  Variable.  Naturalized 
from  Europe. 

P.  Hydropiper,  L.     WATER  PEPPER. 

Common  in  wet  places. 
P.  sagittatum,  L.      ARROW-LEAVED  TEAR-THUMB. 

Low  grounds ;  common. 
P.  CONVOLVULUS,  L.     BLACK  BINDWEED. 

Waste  grounds  and  beaches;  common.  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 

P.  cilinode,  MX. 

Woods  and  copses,  especially  in  clearings;  common. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Gsertn.     BUCKWHEAT. 
F.  ESCULENTUM,  Moench. 

Waste  ground,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand).  Adventive  from 
Europe. 

EUPHORBIACE^E.     SPURGE  FAMILY. 

EUPHORBIA,  L.     SPURGE. 
E.  CYPARISSIAS,  L.     GRAVEYARD  FLOWER. 

Escaped  from  cultivation  to  roadsides  and  waste  places.  Bar 
Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor;  High  Head  (Rand);  — Town  Hill 
(Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Rand);  —  Somes ville  (R.  &  R.).  Natural- 
ized from  Europe. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  143 

URTICACE^E.    NETTLE  FAMILY. 

ULMUS,  L.     ELM. 
U.  Americana,  L.     AMERICAN  ELM. 

Eare.     Fields  and   roadsides,  Eden  (Rand).     Introduced  in 
other  parts  of  the  Island. 

URTICA,  L.     NETTLE. 
U.  gracilis,  Ait. 

Frequent  about  and  at  the  heads  of  sea  beaches.     Sometimes 
in  waste  ground. 

*  U.  TJRENS,  L. 

Rare.    Shore  of  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield).    Adventive 
from  Europe. 

PAEIETARIA,  L.     PELLITORY. 
P.  Pennsylvania,  Muhl. 

Kare.     Shores  of  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield).     Doubt- 
less naturalized  from  farther  south. 


MYBICACE^E.     SWEET  GALE  FAMILY. 

MYRICA,  L.     BAYBERRY. 
M.  Gale,  L.     SWEET  GALE. 

Borders  of  ponds,  streams,  and  wet  meadows;  common. 
M.  cerifera,  L.     BAYBERRY. 

Kocks  on  coast;    common.     Also  Browns  Mt. ;  Somesville; 
Mt.  Desert  Narrows,  etc.  (Rand). 

M.   asplenifolia,  L.     Comjrtonia  asplenifolia  (L.),  Ait.     SWEET 
FERN. 

Dry  hills,  fields,  and  borders  of  woods;  common. 


144  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CUPULIFEILE.     OAK  FAMILY. 

BETULA,  L.  BIRCH. 
B.  lenta,  L.  BLACK  BIRCH.  SWEET  BIRCH. 

Woods  and  copses ;  frequent. 
B.  lutea,  MX.  f.     YELLOW  BIRCH. 

Common  in  woods. 

B.  populifolia,  Marsh.     WHITE  BIRCH.    GRAY  BIRCH. 
Very  common  in  poor  soil. 

B.  papyrifera,  Marsh.    B.  papyracea,  Ait.     PAPER  BIRCH.    CANOE 

BIRCH. 
Common  in  woods. 

ALNUS,  L.  ALDER. 
A.  viridis  (Chaix),  DC.  GREEN  ALDER. 

Very  common  at  all  altitudes  in  dry  soil. 
A.  incana  (L.),  Willd.  SPECKLED  ALDER. 

Common  in  low  grounds. 

CORYLUS,  L.     HAZEL-NUT. 

C.  rostrata,  Ait.     BEAKED  HAZEL-NUT. 

Frequent  in  woods  and  clearings,  and  by  roadsides.  North- 
west Cove;  Emery  District;  Dog  Mt. ;  Sargent  Mt.;  Aunt 
Mollys  Beach  ;  Somesville,  etc.  (Hand) ;  —  Echo  Notch  (E. 
&  E.). 

QUERCUS,  L.  OAK. 
Q.  rubra,  L.  RED  OAK. 

Frequent;  widely  distributed,  but  nowhere  very  abundant; 
rare  in  the  south  of  the  Island.  Much  dwarfed  on  the  moun- 
tains. During  the  early  history  of  the  Island  oaks  were  ap- 
parently abundant,  although  probably  of  this  species  only.  At 
a  very  early  day,  however,  the  oak  woods  began  to  be  felled  for 
timber.  At  Somesville,  it  is  said,  there  was  an  oak  wood  on 
the  shores  of  Somes  Harbor,  which  attracted  the  attention  of 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  145 

Abraham  Somes,  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  when  he  chanced  to  sail 
up  the  Sound  about  1760.    He  spent  the  summer  in  that  vicinity 
making  barrel  staves,  and  then  returned  home  with  his  cargo. 
The  following  year  he  returned  to  Somes  Harbor  for  the  same 
purpose,  and  finally,  in  1762,  built  a  house  on  the  shore  of  the 
harbor  near  the  present  steamboat  wharf,   and  began  the  per- 
manent settlement  of  Mt.  Desert  Island. 
Q.  ilicifolia,  Wang.      BEAR  OAK.    BLACK  SCRUB  OAK. 
Eare.     Dog  Mt.  (Band,  Elizabeth  G.  Britton). 

FAGUS,  L.     BEECH. 
F.  ferruginea,  Ait.     AMERICAN  BEECH. 
Woods;  common. 

SALICACE^].    WILLOW  FAMILY. 
SALIX,  L.    WILLOW. 

S.  lucida,  Muhl.     SHINING  WILLOW. 

Wet  places  and  borders  of  brooks  and  ponds ;  frequent.    Otter 
Creek  Brook ;    Great  Pond ;    Northwest  Cove,  etc.  (Rand) ;  — 
Bubble  Pond;    Jordan  Pond;    Long  Pond  meadows,  etc.  (Red- 
field). 
Forma  latifolia. 

Leaves  1^'  wide,    rounded   or   subacute  at   base,   cuspidate- 
acuminate.     Swamp  north  of  Beech  Hill;    Southwest  Harbor 
(Rand) ;— Bubble  Pond  (R.  &  R.). 
Forma  angustifolia. 

Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  tapering  to  a  long  point.     Long 
Pond  meadows;  Thompson  Island,  etc.  (Rand). 
S.  FRAGILIS,  L.      CRACK  WILLOW.    BRITTLE  WILLOW. 

Bog,   Clark  Point,   Southwest  Harbor;    Somesville  (Rand). 
Naturalized  from  Europe. 
S.  FRAGILIS  X  ALBA,  Wimmer. 

Aments  leafy-peduncled,  slender,  loosely  flowered ;  stamens  2, 
villous  at  base;  scale  yellowish,  lingulate;  capsule  very  short- 
pedicelled,  conico-cylindrical,  glabrous;  style  very  short,  stig- 

10 


146  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

inas  spreading,  recurved,  2-lobed;  gland  embracing  the  pedicel; 
leaves  broadly  lanceolate  tapering  to  a  prolonged  slender  point, 
glabrous  and  shining  above,  silvery-silky  beneath  when  young. 
Wimmer,  Salices  Europseae,  133.  Southwest  Harbor  (R.  &  R.). 
All  the  common  large  willow  trees  of  the  Island  probably  be- 
long either  to  S.  fragilis  or  to  this  hybrid.  Both  were  of  early 
introduction,  and  have  become  spontaneous  all  over  the  Island. 
Forms  of  S.  alba  may  also  be  looked  for. 

S.  rostrata,  Richardson.     S.   livida,  Wahl.,  var.  occidentalism 
Gray. 

Very  common  in  either  wet  or  dry  soil. 
S.  discolor,  Muhl.     COMMON  SWAMP  WILLOW. 

Very  common  in  low  grounds. 
S.  humilis  X  discolor,  Bebb. 

Leaves  as  broad  and  large  as  those  of  S.  kumilis,  but  duller 
green,  softly  tomentose  beneath,  and  with  shorter  petioles ;  the 
aments  thick  as  those  of  S.  humilis,  but  usually  recurved,  and 
the  capsules  on  shorter  pedicels.  Bebb,  Gray  Man.,  6th  ed., 
483.  Swamp,  Southwest  Harbor  (Redfield). 

S.  humilis,  Marsh.     Low  WILLOW.    PUSSY  WILLOW. 

Common  in  dry  or  wet  ground  everywhere  from  sea  level  to 
mountain  summits.  Forms  with  large  leaves  may  be  described 
as  follows :  — 

Var.  grandifolia,  Anders.     DC.  Prod.,  xvi.  2.  236. 

Leaves  obovate-oblong  3'-4'  long,  l£'  broad  above  the  middle, 
shining  above.  Appearing  in  the  following  forms :  — 

Forma  obtnsifolia. 

Leaves  very  short-pointed;  either  smooth  and  glaucous,  or 
slightly  tomentose  beneath.  Near  Great  Pond  (R.  &  R.)j — 
Sutton  Island  (Rand). 

Forma  acuminata. 

Leaves  more  attenuate-pointed;  glaucous  and  tomentose  be- 
neath, generally  becoming  smooth.  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  — 
wood  road  to  Denning  Pond  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  147 

This  species  and  others,  especially  S.  discolor,  often  bear  cone- 
shaped  galls  on  the  ends  of  the  branches.  These  consist  of  im- 
bricated leaves,  and  are  caused  by  the  deposit  of  eggs  of  insects. 

S.  tristis,  Ait.      DWARF  GRAY  WILLOW. 

Kare.  Hollows,  between  Northeast  Harbor  and  Little  Har- 
bor (Kand).  Perhaps  introduced  in  this  locality  from  beyond 
our  limits. 

S.  petiolaris,  Smith. 

Frequent.  Somesville;  Bass  Harbor  Marsh;  Great  Cran- 
berry Isle;  Long  Pond  meadows,  etc.  (Kand).  The  type  passes 
into  the  next  variety. 

Var.  angustifolia,  Anders.     S.  rosmarinifolia  (Herb.  Hook.), 
Barratt  &  Hooker. 

Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  almost  linear,  margin  slightly 
serrulate  or  subentire,  glaucous  beneath,  at  first  silky,  at  length 
glabrate.  DC.  Prod.,  xvi.  2.  234.  Common  on  meadows  and 
heaths.  Long  Pond  meadows ;  Pond  Heath;  Northeast  Meadow, 
etc.  (R.  &  R.).  The  silky  hairs  of  the  young  leaves  are  usu- 
ally of  a  rusty  color. 

S.  cor  data,  Muhl.     HEART-LEAVED  WILLOW. 

Kare.  Koadside  near  Denning  Pond ;  Southwest  Harbor 
(Kand). 

S.  balsamifera  (Hook.),  Barratt.     BALSAM  WILLOW. 

Widely  distributed,  but  nowhere  very  abundant.  Southwest 
Harbor;  Sargent  Mt.;  Beech  Hill;  KipplesPond;  Somes  Pond; 
Denning  Brook;  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  The  Hio;  Doctors  Brook; 
road,  west  side  of  Browns  Mt.,  etc.  (Kand);  —  Seal  Harbor 
(Kedfield); — Browns  Mt.  (E.  Faxon);  —  High  Head  meadow 
(Faxon  &  Kand);  — Long  Pond  meadows  (K.  &  R.). 

POPULUS,  L.    POPLAR.     ASPEN. 
P.  tremuloides,  MX.     ASPEN. 
Frequent  in  woods. 


148  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

P.  grandidentata,  MX.     LARGE-TOOTHED  ASPEN. 

Frequent  in  woods. 
P.  balsamifera,  L.     BALM  OF  GILEAD. 

Frequent  about  dwellings,  etc.  Apparently  introduced,  and 
naturalized  by  seedlings.  Oak  Hill,  etc.  (Rand) ;  —  Southwest 
Harbor  (Elizabeth  G.  Britton,  Rand);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Red- 
field); —  and  elsewhere.  At  Somesville,  however,  and  east  of 
Town  Hill,  remote  from  dwellings,  it  appears  to  be  indigenous. 

P.    DEL  AT  AT  A,    L.        LOMBARD Y   POPLAR. 

Occasionally  by  roadsides,  etc.,  and  sometimes  spontaneous, 
Somesville;  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand);  —  Oak  Hill  (Redfield). 
Adventive  from  Europe. 

EMPETBACE^E.     CROWBERRY  FAMILY. 

EMPETRUM,  L.     CROWBERRY. 
E.  nigrum,  L.     BLACK  CROWBERRY. 

Common  on  cliffs  along  the  coast  and  on  the  islands.  Often 
in  heaths  and  bogs ;  The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle ;  Sunken 
Heath;  Great  Heath  (Rand);  —  more  rarely  on  mountains  and 
hills ;  Barr  Hill ;  Green  Mt.  (Redfield) ;  —  Sargent  Mt.  (Rand). 
Also  Duck  Islands  (Redfield). 

COREMA,  Don.     BROOM  CROWBERRY. 
C.  Conradii,  Torr. 

Dry  rocky  places;  rare  and  local.  Asticou;  Little  Harbor 
(Lane  &  Rand) ;  —  Barr  Hill,  in  a  number  of  localities ;  hill 
between  Long  Pond  and  Little  Harbor  Brook  (Redfield);  — 
Beech  Mt. ;  Dog  Mt.  (Rand) ;  —  Beech  Hill  (Annie  S.  Downs, 
Sara  E.  Boggs) ;  —  Ship  Harbor  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  - —  in  great 
abundance  in  pine  barrens,  east  of  Ship  Harbor;  west  of  Hio 
(Rand).* 

*  Corema  also  grows  in  abundance  with  Pinus  Banksiana,  near  Prospect 
Harbor,  Gouldsborough  (Redfield). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  149 

CLASS  II.    DICOTYLEDONES  GYMNOSPERMEJE. 

CONIFEB^E.     PINE  FAMILY. 

PINUS,  L.     PINE.* 
P.  Strobus,  L.      WHITE  PINE. 

Frequent. 
P.  rigida,  Mill.     PITCH  PINE. 

Barren  soil;  not  uncommon,  but  local.  Browns  Mt.,  etc. 
(K.  &  R.).  Very  abundant  on  Newport  Mt. 

P.  resinosa,  Ait.     RED  PINE.    NORWAY  PINE. 
Frequent. 

PICEA,  Link.     SPRUCE. 
P.  nigra  (Ait.),  Link.     Abies  nigra,  Poir.     BLACK  SPRUCE. 

Common. 
P.  alba  (Ait.),  Link.     Abies  alba,  MX.     WHITE  SPRUCE. 

Common.  More  common  near  the  coast  than  the  preceding 
species.  A  very  beautiful  glaucous  or  blue  form  is  not  uncom- 
mon in  different  parts  of  the  Island. 

TSUGA,  Carr.     HEMLOCK. 
T.  Canadensis  (L.),  Carr. 

Infrequent,  except  in  old  woods.     Also  on  Cranberry  Isles. 

ABIES,  Juss.     FIR. 
A.  balsamea  (L.),  Mill.     BALSAM  FIR. 
Common. 

LARIX,  Adans.     LARCH. 

L.  Americana,  MX.     HACKMATACK.    TAMARACK. 
Common.     Also  on  Cranberry  Isles. 

*  P.  Banksiana,  Lamb.,  is  found  in  abundance  on  Schoodic  Peninsula, 
across  Frenchman  Bay,  but  has  not  yet  been  found  on  Mount  Desert  Island. 


150  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

THUJA,  L.     ARBOR-VIT.E. 
T.  Occident  alls,  L. 

Very  common.     Usually  called  White  Cedar  on  the  Island. 

JUNIPERUS,  L.     JUNIPER. 
J.  communis,  L.      COMMON  JUNIPER. 

Common  in  dry  ground,  on  rocky  cliffs,  etc.  Very  low-spread- 
ing, and  variable. 

J.  Sabina,  L.,  var.  procumbens,  Pursh.     CREEPING  JUNIPER. 

Frequent  in  dry  fields  or  on  rocky  cliffs  along  the  coast. 
Roberts  Point,  Northeast  Harbor;  Pierce  Head;  Sargent  Mt. 
(Band);  — shores  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  —  Bar  Harbor  (Bea- 
trix Jones) ;  —  Bald  Porcupine  Island  (W.  H.  Manning) ;  — 
very  common  in  dry  fields,  Sutton  Island  (Rand  et  als.). 

TAXUS,  L.     YEW. 

T.  Canadensis,  Willd.     YEW.    GROUND  HEMLOCK. 
Common  in  deep  moist  woods  and  glens. 


CLASS  III.    MONOCOTYLEDONES. 
ORCHIDACEuE.     ORCHID  FAMILY. 

MICROSTYLIS,  Nutt.     ADDER'S  MOUTH. 
M.  ophioglossoides  (Willd.),  Nutt. 

Not  infrequent,  and  very  generally  distributed  over  the  Island 
and  the  Cranberry  Isles,  in  low  moist  ground.  Also  Sargent 
Mt. ;  summit  of  Flying  Mt.  (Rand). 

LIPARIS,  Richard.     TWAYBLADE. 
L.  Loeselii  (L.),  Richard. 

Local.  On  Stanley  Brook,  Seal  Harbor  (G.  Hunt) ;  —  swamp 
on  Breakneck  road  (Brigham) ;  —  near  Kings  Point,  and  on 
Clark  Point,  Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville;  field,  Juniper 
Cove  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  151 

COEALLORHIZA,  R.  Br.     CORAL-BOOT. 

C.  innata,  E.  Br. 

Deep  woods ;  infrequent.  Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (H.  C.  Jones, 
Rand);  —  Southwest  Valley;  Cold  Brook;  Little  Harbor  Brook 
Notch;  Clark  Valley  (Rand)  ;  —  Sargent  Mt.  (Brigham);  — 
woods,  Jordan  Pond  road  (Redfield) ;  —  woods,  off  Town  Hill 
road,  Somesville  (R.  B.  Worthington). 

C.  multiflora,  Nutt. 

Infrequent,  and  not  as  widely  distributed  as  the  last.  Had- 
lock Valley  (Rand,  Redfield) ;  —  Bar  Island,  Bar  Harbor  (F. 
M.  Day) ;  —  woods,  Hadlock  Upper  Pond ;  Cold  Brook  ;  Clark 
Valley  (Rand). 

LISTERA,  R.  Br.     TWAYBLADE. 

L.  cordata  (L.),  R.  Br. 
Rare.     Cold  Brook  (Rand). 

L.  convallarioides  (Swz.),  Nutt. 

Very  rare.     Woods,  head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow  (Rand). 

SPIRANTHES,  Richard.     LADIES '  TRESSES. 

S.  Romanzoffiana,  Cham. 

Frequent  in  damp  ground  or  meadows.  Flowering  in  late 
July  and  August,  earlier  than  the  next. 

S.  cernua  (L.),  Richard. 

Very  common  in  damp  ground.  Flowering  in  late  August, 
September,  and  early  October. 

S.  gracilis  (Bigel.),  Beck. 

Infrequent.  Roadside  near  Little  Harbor  (W.  C.  Lane)  ;  — 
Beech  Cliff  ;  roadsides,  Northeast  Harbor,  and  near  Fernald 
Cove;  Norwood  Road,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand);  — Barr  Hill; 
fields  north  of  Long  Pond  (Redfield)  ;  —  Southwest  Harbor 
(Annie  S.  Downs). 


152  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

GOODYERA,  R.  Br.     RATTLESNAKE  PLANTAIN. 
G.  repens  (L.),  E.  Br. 

Frequent  in  deep  woods.     Also  on  Cranberry  Isles. 
G.  pubescens  (Willd.),  R.  Br. 

Rare.     Sargent  Mt.  Gorge  ;  Cold  Brook  (Rand). 

ARETHUSA,  L. 
A.  bulbosa,  L. 

Common  in  sphagnum  bogs.  A  form  with  two  scapes,  each 
two-flowered,  Sea  Wall  Swamp;  meadow  on  Denning  Brook 
(Rand). 

Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  pure  white.  Sea  Wall  Swamp  (Redfield,  Faxon  & 
Rand) ;  —  Somes  Pond  Swamp ;  Sunken  Heath  (Rand) ;  —  Great 
Heath,  etc.  (Annie  S.  Downs). 

Forma  subcaerulea. 

Flowers  bluish  or  lavender  in  color.  Swamp  on  Denning 
Brook  (Rand). 

CALOPOGON,  R.  Br. 
C.  pulchellus  (Willd.),  R.  Br. 

Common,  usually  in  sphagnum  bogs. 

POGONIA,  Juss. 
P.  ophioglossoides  (L.),  Ker. 

Common  in  sphagnum  bogs  and  on  wet  pond  shores.  On  the 
Island  this  and  the  two  plants  last  named  are  called  indis- 
criminately by  the  name  of  Swamp  Pink. 

Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  pure  white.  Jordan  Pond  (Rand); — Sea  Wall; 
Great  Heath  (Annie  S.  Downs). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  153 

HABENARIA,  Willd. 
H.  tridentata  (Willd.),  Hook. 

Common  in  moist  ground. 
H.  hyperborea  (L.),  E.  Br. 

Bare.  Swamp,  Northeast  Harbor  (Eand) ;  —  trail  between 
Jordan  Pond  and  Northeast  Harbor  (Eedfield). 

H.  dilatata  (Pursh),  Gray.* 

Frequent  in  swampy  ground. 
H.  obtusata  (Pursh),  Eichardson. 

Deep,  mossy  woods ;  infrequent.  Sargent  Mt.  Gorge ;  woods, 
head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow;  Cold  Brook  (Eand);  —  Seal 
Harbor  (Eedfield) ;  — Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Eedfield,  Harriet 
A.  Hill). 

H.  Hookeri,  Torr.  f 

Eare.     Woods  near  Otter  Creek  (Helen  B.  Walley). 

H.  orbiculata  (Pursh),  Torr. 

Deep  woods;  infrequent.  Sargent  Mt.  Gorge;  Northwest 
Arm  woods  (Eand); — woods,  southern  end  of  Great  Pond  (An- 
nie S.  Downs) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield,  Lizzie  Churchill) ; 

—  Little  Cranberry   Isle   (Eedfield,  Harriet  A.  Hill). 

H.  fimbriata  (Ait.),  E.  Br.     PURPLE-FRINGED  ORCHIS. 

Common  in  swampy  ground.  A  small-flowered  form  of  this 
species  has  sometimes  been  taken  for  H.  psycodes,  a  species  not 
as  yet  discovered  on  the  Island. 

Forma  albiflora. 

Flowers  pure  white.   Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (B.  E.  J.  Gresham) ; 

—  Long  Pond  meadows  (Eedfield). 

CYPRIPEDIUM,  L.     LADY'S  SLIPPER. 
C.  spectabile,  Salisb.      SHOWY  LADY'S  SLIPPER. 
Swamp,  Northeast  Harbor  (Eand). 

*  Not  of  Hooker.    See  A.  Gray,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.,  iii.  231. 

t  H.  Hookeriana,  Torr.,  is  the  more  correct  name. 


154  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

C.  acaule,  Ait.      STEMLESS  LADY'S  SLIPPEB. 

Common  in  woods. 
Forma  albiflorum. 

Flowers  pure  white,  or  white  with  indistinct  pink  veins. 
Near  Breakneck  Ponds  (Rand); — Beech  Mt.  Notch;  woods, 
Hadlock  Lower  Pond  (R.  &  R.). 

IRIDACE^E.    IBIS  FAMILY. 

IRIS,  L.     BLUE  FLAG. 
I.  versicolor,  L. 

Very  common  everywhere  in  moist  ground,  especially  in  low 
grounds  near  the  coast. 

SISYRINCHIUM,  L.     BLUE-EYED  GRASS. 
S.  angustifolium,  Mill.     S.  Bermudiana,  L.* 

Common  in  grassy  places.  Whatever  may  be  the  fact  in  re- 
gard to  the  specific  rank  of  S.  anceps  and  S.  mucronatum,  all  the 
Island  forms  must  be  referred  to  S.  angustifolium.  A  specimen 
with  a  single  spathe,  collected  by  F.  M.  Day,  in  1882,  probably 
in  the  vicinity  of  Bar  Harbor,  has  been  somewhat  doubtfully 
marked  S.  anceps  in  the  herbarium.  A  recent  and  more  careful 
examination,  however,  seems  to  show  that  it  is  nothing  more  than 
S.  angustifolium  with  smaller,  probably  immature  seeds.  It  is 
worthy  of  remark  that  not  a  specimen  of  the  true  S.  anceps  form 
has  yet  been  found  on  the  Island,  although  S.  angustifolium  is 
so  very  abundant.  This  fact  is  evidence  that  these  forms  of  the 
plant  merit  at  least  varietal  distinction. 

LILIACE^E.     LILY  FAMILY. 
HEMEROCALLIS,  L.     DAY  LILY. 

H.    FULVA,    L. 

Often  by  roadsides  near  dwellings ;  escaped  from  cultivation. 
Town  Hill  (R.  &  R.);  —  Somesville;  Emery  District;  South- 
west Harbor  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

*  See  Morong,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx.  467. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  155 

POLYGONATUM,  Adans.     SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 
P.  biflorum  (Walt.),  Ell.      SMALLER  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

Infrequent.  Head  of  Little  Harbor  Brook  Notch;  woods, 
Deer  Brook  ;  Canada  Valley;  copses,  Long  Pond  meadows 
(Eand)  ;  — Hadlock  Valley  (Redfield);  — Rum  Key,  Porcupine 
Islands  (F.  M.  Day). 

ASPARAGUS,  L. 
A.  OFFICINALIS,   L.     GARDEN  ASPARAGUS. 

Escaped  from  cultivation;  in  uncultivated  field,  Southwest 
Harbor  (Rand).  Adventive  from  Europe. 

SMILACINA,  Desf.     FALSE  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 
S.  racemosa  (L.),  Desf.     FALSE  SPIKENARD. 

Infrequent.  Head  of  Northeast  Harbor;  woods,  Deer  Brook; 
Northwest  Arm  woods;  Southwest  Valley  road  (Kand);  —  Had- 
lock Valley ;  Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Redfield) ;  —  Rum  Key,  Porcu- 
pine Islands  (F.  M.  Day). 

S.  stellata  (L.),  Desf. 

Very  rare.     Porcupine  Islands  (F.  M.  Day). 
S.  trifolia  (L.),  Desf. 

Frequent  in  peat  bogs. 

MAIANTHEMUM,  Wiggers. 

M.  Canadense,  Desf.     Smilacina  bifolia,  Ker.,  var.  Canadensis, 
Gray.     DWARF  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

Common  everywhere  in  woods,  copses,  and  clearings. 

STREPTOPUS,  MX.     TWISTED  STALK. 
S.  amplexifolius  (L.),  DC. 

Frequent  in  deep  woods,  especially  along  mountain  brooks. 

S.  roseus,  MX. 

Frequent  in  deep  woods.    Perhaps  more  common  than  the  last. 


156  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CLINTONIA,  Raf.     WILD  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY. 

C.  borealis  (Ait.),  Kaf. 

Common  in  deep,  moist  woods. 

OAKESIA,  S.  Wats. 

0.  sessilifolia  (L.),  S.  Wats.     Uvularia  sessilifolia,  L.    COMMON 

BELLWORT. 
Common  in  deciduous  woods  and  in  copses. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  L.     DOG-TOOTH  VIOLET. 
E.  Americanum,  Ker. 

Eare.  Low  ground,  Clark  Point,  Southwest  Harbor;  Fernald 
Point  (Anna  H.  Bee). 

LILITJM,  L.     LILY. 
L.  Philadelphicum,  L.     BLACKBERRY  LILT.    WILD  RED  LILY. 

Local,  and  not  widely  distributed.  Schooner  Head  (Rand)  ;  — 
Sargent  Mt.  ;  Somesville  (R.  &  R.) ;  —  Norway  Drive,  and 
country  about  Salisbury  Cove  (F.  M.  Day,  Clara  L.  Walley, 
Mary  Minot,  Margaret  A.  Rand) . 

L.  Canadense,  L.      WILD  YELLOW  LILY.    CANADA  LILY. 

Rare.  Salisbury  Cove  (Mary  Minot).  Very  common,  how- 
ever, on  the  mainland. 

MEDEOLA,  L.     INDIAN  CUCUMBER  ROOT. 

M.  Virginiana,  L. 

Frequent  in  rich  woods. 

TRILLIUM,  L.     WAKE  ROBIN. 
T.  erythrocarpum,  MX.     PAINTED  TRILLIUM. 
Frequent  in  damp  woods. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  157 

PONTEDERIACE^E.     PICKEREL-WEED  FAMILY. 

PONTEDERIA,  L.     PICKEREL- WEED. 

P.  cordata,  L. 

Streams  and  muddy  pond  shores ;  common.  Forms  are  some- 
times found  corresponding  to  var.  angustifolia  (Pursh),  Torr. 

XYRIDACE^E.     YELLOW-EYED  GRASS  FAMILY. 

XYRIS,  L.    YELLOW-EYED  GRASS. 
X.  flexuosa,  Muhl.,  var.  pusilla,  Gray. 

Peat  bogs  and  sandy  shores;  rare  and  local.  Hadlock  Ponds 
(Wm.  H.  Dunbar,  Eand) ;— Breakneck  Ponds  (A.  H.  Smith, 
K.  H.  Day);  —Jordan  Pond  (T.  G.  White,  Kedfield,  Annie  M. 
Rand).  It  is  possible  that  this  may  be  distinct  from  X.  flexuosa, 
and  entitled  to  specific  rank.  See  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xix.  38, 
where  this  plant  is  described  as  Xyria  montana,  Eies,  —  Xyria 
being  an  evident  typographical  error  for  Xyris.  The  specific 
name  montana,  there  chosen,  is  most  unfortunately  inappropriate. 

JUNCACE^E.     EUSH  FAMILY. 
JTJNCUS,  L.     EUSH. 

J.  effusus,  L.     COMMON  RUSH. 
Very  common  in  wet  ground. 

J.  filiformis,  L. 

Eare.  Edge  of  pool  on  Heaths  Brook,  Tremont,  near  head 
of  the  Marsh  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

J.  Balticus,  Dethard,  var.  littoralis,  Engelm. 

Common  in  wet  brackish  ground  on  the  coast.  Also  on 
White  Beach,  southern  end  of  Great  Pond  (Eand). 

J.  Greenei,  Oakes  &  Tuck. 

Dry  ground ;  rare.  Sargent  Mt.  (Eand)  ;  —  Southwest  Har- 
bor (M.  L.  Fernald). 


158  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

J.  tennis,  Willd. 

Fields  and  roadsides ;  very  common. 
Var.  secundus  (Beauv.),  Engelm. 

Eare.     Dog  Mt.  (Rand). 
J.  Gerardi,  Loisel.     BLACK  GRASS. 

Salt  marshes;  common. 
J.  bufonius,  L. 

Low  ground,  especially  by  roadsides ;  very  common. 
J.  pelocarpus,  E.  Meyer. 

Wet   meadows   and   pond   shores;    common.     A   proliferous 
form,  Denning  Pond  (Rand). 
J.  articulatus,  L. 

Wet  grounds  and  roadsides;  frequent.  Northeast  Harbor 
(Greenleaf,  Rand)  ;  —  Somesville  (Redfield) ;  —  Southwest  Har- 
bor; High  Head  (Rand). 

J.  militaris,  Bigel. 

Common  in  streams  and  ponds. 
J.  acuminatus,  MX. 

Mt.  Kebo  (Greenleaf)  ;  —  near  Long  Pond  (Redfield).  Prob- 
ably not  uncommon,  but  as  yet  seldom  reported. 

J.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  longicandatns,  Engelm. 

Frequent.     Great   Head    (Redfield)  ;  —  Southwest   Harbor; 
Hadlock   Upper  Pond;    Denning   Pond    (Rand);  —  Cranberry 
Isles;  Somesville  (R.  &  R.). 
Var.  coarctatus,  Engelm. 

Very  common. 

LUZULA,  DC.     WOOD  RUSH. 

L.  vernalis,  DC.     L.  pilosa  (L.),  Willd. 

Infrequent.     Clearing  north  of  Pond  Heath ;  meadow  between 
Somesville  and  Town  Hill  (Rand) ;  —  clearings  on  Indian  Point 
road,  Somesville  (R.  &  R.). 
L.  campestris  (L.),  DC. 

Common  in  fields,  clearings,  etc. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  159 

TYPHACE^E.     CAT-TAIL  FAMILY. 

TYPHA,  L.    CAT-TAIL  FLAG. 
T.  latifolia,  L. 

Bogs  and  marshes ;  frequent. 

SPARGANIUM,  L.     BUR-REED. 

S.  simplex,  Huds. 

Common   in   shallow  water,   in  brooks  and  ditches.      Very 
variable. 
Var.  androcladnm,  Engelm. 

Common.  From  a  study  of  Mt.  Desert  specimens  it  appears 
better  not  to  recognize  this  variety  as  entitled  to  specific  rank. 
There  is  no  well  defined  dividing  line  between  it  and  S.  simplex, 
and  occasionally  the  two  forms  appear  on  the  same  plant. 

Var.  fluitans,  Engelm. 

Floating  in  water  of  moderate  depth.  Somes  Pond;  South- 
east Creek,  Bass  Harbor  (Rand)  ;  — Witch  Hole  (Kedfield). 

Var.  angustifolium  (Mx.),  Engelm. 

Bare.  Seal  Cove  Pond  (R.  &  R.); —  pool,  Hunters  Brook 
(Rand).  Apparently  also  in  Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (Rand). 

S.  minimum,  Fries. 

Ponds  and  streams  ;  frequent.  The  Barcelona ;  Hadlock 
Upper  Pond,  etc.  (Rand)  ;  —  Jordan  Stream  (R.  &  R. )  j  — 
Northeast  Creek  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

ARACE^E.    ARUM  FAMILY. 

ARISJEMA,  Mart.     INDIAN  TURNIP. 
A.  triphyllum  (L.),  Torr.     JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. 

Rich  woods,  boggy  places,  and  meadows ;  infrequent.  Jordan 
Pond  trail  from  Northeast  Harbor  ;  The  Barcelona  meadow  ; 
Northeast  Meadow  (Rand) ;  —  roadside,  north  of  Doctors  Creek 
(R.  &  R.). 


160  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CALLA,  L.     WATER  ARUM. 

C.  palustris,  L.      WILD  CALLA  LILT. 

Kare.  Near  Northeast  Harbor  (F.  L.  Temple) ;  —  The  Heath, 
Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Arnold  Greene,  Kedfield). 

SYMPLOCARPUS,  Salisb.     SKUNK  CABBAGE. 

S.  foBtidus  (L.),  NUTT. 

Swamps  ;  rare.  Cranberry  Isles  (H.  C.  Jones,  Hand,  Red- 
field)  ;  Sea  Wall  and  vicinity  (Band).  So  far  as  at  present 
known  the  distribution  of  this  species  is  very  peculiar.  There 
seems  to  be  no  good  reason  why  it  should  be  confined  to  such  a 
limited  area.  It  may  be  noted  that  a  slight  elevation  of  the 
coast  line  would  connect  the  Cranberry  Isles,  where  it  occurs 
most  frequently,  with  Mt.  Desert  Island  at  the  Sea  Wall  and 
vicinity,  where  it  also  occurs. 

ACORUS,  L.     SWEET  FLAG. 
A.  Calamus,  L. 

Low  grounds  ;  rare.  Near  head  of  Doctors  Creek  ;  near 
Otter  Creek  (Eedfield)  ;  on  the  "Overflow  Brook,"  Soinesville 
(E.  &  E.). 

ALISMACEJE.     WATER-PLANTAIN  FAMILY. 

SAGITTARIA,  L.     ARROWHEAD. 
S.  variabilis,  Engelm. 

Common  in  shallow  water  or  wet  places.  Very  variable;  the 
various  so-called  varieties  or  forms  apparently  passing  into  one 
another  by  intermediate  forms. 

Forma  hastata. 

Common. 
Forma  obtusa. 

Somes  Stream  (W.  H.  Dunbar,  E.  &  E.). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  161 

Forma  angustifolia. 

Near  Bar  Harbor  (F.  M.  Day) ;  —  Seal  Cove  Pond  ;  Eipples 
Pond  (Band) ;  —  Somesville  (R.  &  R.). 

S.  graminea,  MX. 

Infrequent.  Somes  Stream  (W.  H.  Dunbar,  R.  &  R.,  Arnold 
Greene);  —  Great  Pond;  Seal  Cove  Pond  (Rand). 

NAIADACE^E.    PONDWEED  FAMILY, 

TRIGLOCHIN,  L.     ARROW  GRASS. 
T.  maritima,  L. 

Common  in  salt  marshes,  and  on  muddy  coast  shores. 

SCHEUCHZERIA,  L. 
S.  palustris,  L. 

Rare.  Sunken  Heath  (Faxon,  Rand);  —  The  Heath,  Great 
Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.). 

POTAMOGETON,  L.     PONDWEED. 
P.  natans,  L. 

Ponds  and  deep  streams;  frequent.  Seal  Cove  Pond;  Great 
Pond  (Rand) ;  — Somes  Pond  (R.  &  R.); —Northeast  Creek; 
Witch  Hole  (Redfield). 

P.  Oakesianus,  Robbins. 

Rare.     Northeast  Creek;  Bubble  Pond  (R.  &  R.). 
P.  Pennsylvanicus,  Cham.     P.   Claytonii,  Tuck. 

Common  in  ponds,  streams,  and  ditches.  A  very  slender 
deep-water  form,  Somes  Pond  (Rand). 

P.  hybridus,  MX.     P.  diversifolius,  Raf. 

Rare.  Ripples  Pond  (Fernald,  Rand).  With  and  without 
floating  leaves. 

P.  perfoliatus,  L. 

Infrequent.  Long  Pond ;  Jordan  Stream  (Redfield) ;  —  North- 
east Creek  (E.  Faxon,  Rand,  M.  L.  Fernald). 

11 


162  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  lanceolatus,  Bobbins.     Var.  IZichardsonii,  Bennett. 

Eare.     Northwest  Arm,  Great  Pond  (M.  L.  Fernald). 
P.  pusillus,  L. 

Eare.     Northeast  Creek  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

EUPPIA^  L.     DITCH  GRASS. 
E.  maritima,  L. 

Ponds  and  streams  of  brackish  water  along  coast ;  common. 

ZOSTEEA,  L.    EEL  GRASS. 
Z.  marina,  L. 

Very  common  in  shoal  water  along  the  coast. 

NAIAS,  L.     NAIAD. 
N.  flexilis  (Willd.),  Eostk.  &  Schmidt. 
Eare.     Eipples  Pond  (Eand). 

EBIOCAULE^E.    PIPEWORT  FAMILY. 

EEIOCAULON,  L.     PIPEWORT. 
E.  septangulare,  With. 

Common  in  ponds  and  along  pond  borders.  Sometimes  in 
deep  water,  sending  to  the  surface  scapes  six  to  ten  feet  in 
length,  as  in  Jordan  Pond  (E.  &  E.). 

CYPERACE^E.     SEDGE  FAMILY. 
DULICHIUM,  Pers. 

D.  spathaceum  (L.),  Pers. 

Frequent  on  borders  of  ponds  and  streams. 

ELEOCEAEIS,  E.  Br.     SPIKE  EUSH. 

E.  ovata  (Eoth),  E.  Br.     E.  obtusa,  (Willd.),  Schultes. 
Uncommon.      Muddy  margins   of  mill-pond  and  of   Somes 

Stream,  Somesville  ;  bog-hole,  High  Head;  stream  near  head  of 
Southwest  Harbor  (Eand) . 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  163 

E.  olivacea,  Torr. 

Eare.     Sandy  margin  of  Somes  Stream  (M.  L.  Fernald). 
E.  palustris  (L.),  E.  Br. 

Swamps ;  infrequent.  Seal  Harbor ;  Baker  Island  (Eed« 
field). 

Var.  glaucescens  (Willd.),  Gray. 

Very  common  in  marshy  ground  along  the  coast.  Southwest 
Harbor;  Sea  Wall;  Somesville;  Great  Cranberry  Isle,  etc. 
(Eand)  ;  —  Great  Duck  Island  (Eedfield). 

E.  tennis  (Willd.),  Schultes. 

Wet  ground  and  pond  shores ;  very  common.     Variable. 
E.  acicularis  (L.),  E.  Br. 

Muddy  places;  infrequent.  Hadlock  Lower  Pond  (Green- 
leaf);  —  Somesville  (E.  &  E.). 

E.  pygmsea,  Torr. 

Eare.     Brackish  marsh,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Eedfield). 

SCIRPUS,  L.     CLUB  EUSH. 
S.  csespitosus,  L. 

Local  and  infrequent.  Boggy  depressions,  Sargent  Mt.  (E. 
&  E.); — The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle, — in  great  abun- 
dance; Sunken  Heath  (Eand). 

S.  subterminalis,  Torr. 

Ponds  and  streams  ;  infrequent.  Bar  Harbor  (W.  Boott);  — 
Seal  Cove  Pond  and  Brook;  Somes  Pond  (E.  &  E.) ;  —  Denning 
Pond  and  Brook;  meadow  at  outlet  of  Great  Pond  (Eand). 

S.  pungens,  Vahl. 

Eare.     Bog  on  shore  south  of  Sea  Wall  (Eand). 
S.  lacustris,  L.     S.  validus,  Vahl. 

Ponds  and  marshes;  common.  In  brackish  water,  Sea  Wall 
(Eand) ;  —  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (E.  &  E.) ;  —  Little  Cranberry 
Isle  (Eedfield). 


164  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

S.  maritimus,  L. 

Salt  marshes  and  muddy  beaches  along  the  coast  ;  very 
common. 

S.  sylvaticus,  L.,  var.  digynus,  Boeckl.     S.microcarpus,  Presl. 

Wet  ground;  common.     Blooming  earlier  than  the  next. 
S.  atrovirens,  Muhl. 

Wet  ground;  frequent.  Northeast  Harbor;  High  Head; 
Prettymarsh  ;  Southwest  Harbor;  Seal  Cove,  etc.  (Hand);  — 
Seal  Harbor  (Redfield). 

ERIOPHORUM,  L.     COTTON  GRASS. 
E.  cyperinum,  L.     Scirpus  Eriophorum,  MX. 

Wet  ground;  common  and  variable. 
Var.  laxum  (Gray),  Wats.  &  Coult. 

Frequent.  Seal  Harbor ;  Long  Pond  meadows ;  Bubble  Pond 
(Redfield) ;  —  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 

E.  alpinum,  L. 

Kare.  Bog,  Northeast  Harbor  (E,.  &  R.); —  borders  of 
Upper  Breakneck  Pond  (Redfield). 

E.  vaginatum,  L. 

Peat  bogs  and  swamps;  frequent.  Southwest  Harbor;  Sar- 
gent Mt.  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Rand) ;  —  Little  Cranberry  Isle  ; 
Great  Heath  (Redfield)  ;  —  Sunken  Heath,  etc.  (Rand). 

E.  Virginicum,  L. 

Open  bogs  and  swamps;  common.  A  form  bearing  unequally 
peduncled  spikelets,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

E.  polystachyon,  L. 

Frequent.  Meadow  on  Sunken  Heath  Brook  (Redfield);  — 
Sea  Wall  Swamp  (Rand); — Prettymarsh  (Greenleaf,  Lane  & 
Rand). 

Var.  latifolium  (Hoppe),  Gray. 

More  common  than  the  type, —  if  the  varietal  distinction  is 
valid.  Sargent  Mt.  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Rand);  —  Hulls  Cove; 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  165 

Somesville,  etc.  (Rand) ;  —  Seal  Harbor,  etc. ;  Cranberry  Isles 
(Kedfield). 

E.  gracile,  Koch. 

Frequent.  Seal  Harbor;  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Kedfield) ;  — 
Southwest  Harbor;  High  Head;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Hand); 
—  "Mt.  Desert "  (F.  M.  Day). 

RHYNCHOSPORA,  Vahl.     BEAK  EUSH. 

R.  fusca  (L.),  Eoem.  &  Schultes. 

Frequent.  Long  Pond  meadows;  Sea  Wall  (Kedfield);  — 
Somes  Pond  Swamp  (K.  &  K.,  Fernald)  ;  —  Denning  Brook; 
at  outlet  of  Great  Pond;  Kipples  Pond,  etc.  (Kand). 

R.  alba  (L.),  Vahl. 
Wet  ground;  common. 

CLADIUM,  P.  Br.     TWIG  KUSH. 

C.  mariscoides  (Muhl.),  Torr. 

Infrequent.  Outlet  of  Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (K.  &  K.);  — 
"Mt.  Desert77  (F.  M.  Day) ;  — Somesville  (M.  L.  Fernald);  — 
swamp  above  Long  Pond  (Kedfield). 

CAREX,  L.     SEDGE. 
C.  pauciflora,  Lightf. 

Kare.  Borders  of  Sea  Wall  Swamp  (K.  &  K.) ;  —  Sunken 
Heath  (Kand). 

C.  Michauxiana,  Boeckl.     C.  rostrata,  MX.     C.  abacta,  Bailey. 

Kare.     Bog,  Somes  Pond  (Kand). 
C.  folliculata,  L. 

Common  in  swamps  and  damp  meadows. 
C.  intumescens,  Kudge. 

Common  in  swamps  and  wet  ground. 


166  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

C.  oligosperma,  MX. 

Eare.  "  Meadow  at  Gorge,  near  Bar  Harbor  "  (W.  Boott, 
spec,  in  Gray  Herb.) ;  —  "  Mt.  Desert  "  (Kandall  Spaulding) ;  — 
marsh,  foot  of  Lower  Breakneck  Pond  (E.  Faxon). 

C.  ntriculata,  Boott. 

Swamps;  common.  A  form  with  very  narrow  spikes,  Pond 
Heath  (E.  &  E.). 

Var.  minor,  Boott. 

Infrequent.  Long  Pond  meadows  (Eedfield); —  Northeast 
Meadow  (E.  &  E.). 

C.  lurida,  Wahl.     C.  tentaculata,  Muhl. 

Common  in  swamps  and  wet  ground  everywhere. 

C.  hystricina,  Muhl. 
Eare.     Meadow  on  Little  Harbor  Brook  (Eedfield). 

C.  Pseudo-Cyperus,  L. 

Not  uncommon.  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield);  —  bog  south  of  Sea 
Wall ;  bog  at  northern  foot  of  Beech  Hill  (Eand). 

C.  scabrata,  Schw. 

Common  in  wet  ground. 

C.  Hough tonii,  Torr. 

Frequent  by  roadsides  and  in  clearings.  Eoadside,  Intervale 
Brook  valley;  Sea  Wall  (E.  &  E.);  — clearings,  Youngs  Dis- 
trict (Faxon  &  Eand);  —  East  Peak  of  Western  Mt. ;  near 
Oak  Hill ;  road  west  of  Browns  Mt.  (Eand) ;  —  Southwest 
Harbor  (Faxon) ;  —  Bubble  Pond  road  (T.  G.  White). 

C.  filiformis,  L. 

Common  in  bogs  and  on  boggy  shores  of  ponds  and  streams. 
An  immature  form,  probably  var.  latifolia,  by  roadside  south 
of  Salisbury  Cove  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Eand). 

C.  fusca,  All.     C.  Buxbaumii,  Wahl. 

Eare.     Summit  of  Green  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  167 

C.  vulgaris,  Fries.     C.  rigida,  Good.,  var.  Goodenovii  (J.  Gay), 

Bailey  (Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  2d  issue,  735  c). 
Common  in  low  grounds;  variable.     A  singular  dwarf  form, 
with  small  very  black  spikes,  Sea  Wall  (Hand) ;  —  Somesville 
(Faxon  &  Eand). 

Var.  strictiformis,  Bailey.     C.  rigida,  Good.,  var.  strictiformis, 
Bailey,  I.  c. 

Frequent.  Northeast  Harbor  (Greenleaf) ;  —  Somesville  (E. 
&  E.); —  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Band); — Northwest  Arm, 
Great  Pond;  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Eedfield). 

C.  stricta,  Lam. 

Common  in  wet  ground. 
Var.  angustata  (Boott),  Bailey. 

Infrequent.  Intervale  Brook  valley  (Eand) ;  —  Somesville 
and  vicinity  (Eedfield,  Faxon,  Eand). 

Var.  decora,  Bailey. 

Eare.     Meadow  on  Sunken  Heath  Brook  (Eand). 
C.  lenticularis,  MX. 

Gravelly  borders  of  ponds  and  streams;  frequent.  Stanley 
Brook,  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield);  —  Jordan  Pond;  Great  Pond 
(E.  &  E.). 

C.  maritima,  0.  F.  Mueller. 

Marshy  shores  on  the  coast;  common.  Southwest  Harbor; 
Northeast  Harbor;  Seal  Harbor;  Otter  Creek;  Thomas  Bay; 
High  Head;  Seal  Cove;  Bass  Harbor,  etc. 

C.  crinita,  Lam. 

Low  ground;  common. 
Var.  minor,  Boott. 

Eare.  On  Little  Harbor  Brook,  at  crossing  of  Northeast 
Harbor  trail  to  Jordan  Pond  (Eedfield). 

C.  Magellanica,  Lam.       C.  irrigua,   Smith. 

Frequent  in  cold  bogs.  Also  Green  Mt.  (Eedfield); — Sar- 
gent Mt.  (E.  &  E.);  — Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Eedfield). 


168  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

C.  arctata,  Boott. 

Common  in  woodlands. 

C.  debilis,  MX.,  var.  Rudgei,  Bailey. 
Common. 

C.  gracillima,  Schw. 

Meadows  and  low  ground ;  frequent.  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield)  •, 
—  south  of  Town  Hill ;  High  Head  meadow  (Rand)  ;  —  North- 
east Meadow  (R.  &  R.),  and  elsewhere. 

C.  flava,  L. 

Common  in  low  ground. 

Var.  graminis,  Bailey. 

Uncommon.  Shores,  Northwest  Arm,  Great  Pond;  Ripples 
Pond  (Rand) ;  —  field  near  Ship  Harbor  (Redfield  &  Faxon) ;  — 
Long  Pond  meadows  (Redfield).  Depauperate  forms  of  this  va- 
riety are  found  in  abundance  on  shores  of  Great  Pond  (Rand). 

Var.  viridula  (Mx.),  Bailey.     C.  (Ederi,  Gray,  Man.,  5th  ed. 
Common  in  both  wet  and  dry  ground. 

C-  pallescens,  L. 

Common  in  low  ground. 

C.  conoidea,  Schk. 

Low  ground  about  Long  Brook,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Red- 
field,  Rand);  —  Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

C.  laxiflora,  Lam. 

Grassy  places;   common  and  variable. 

Var.  varians,  Bailey. 

With  the  type,  and  as  common. 
C.  PANICEA,  L. 

Rare.  Low  grassy  ground  at  mouth  of  Long  Brook,  Great 
Cranberry  Isle  (Theodore  G.  White,  Redfield).  Appearing 
indigenous,  but  probably  naturalized  here  from  Europe  for  many 
years. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  169 

C.  deflexa,  Hornem.      C.  Novce-Anglice,  Gray,   Man.,  5th  ed., 

mostly;  non  Schweinitz. 

Not  uncommon  on  mountains,  and  in  dry  ground  in  woods  and 
clearings.  Sargent  Mt. ;  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  Breakneck  road; 
Southwest  Valley  road;  Southwest  Harbor;  Hadlock  Lower 
Pond;  Somesville  (Rand).  On  Town  Hill  road,  Somesville,  a 
form  approaching  var.  Deanei  (Rand). 

Var.  Deanei,  Bailey. 

Frequent   in  dry  clearings.     Somes  Pond  pastures  ;    Hulls 
Cove;   Beech  Hill  cross-road  (Rand) ;  —  Somesville;    Seal  Har- 
bor  (Redfield) ;  —  Indian   Point   road,    Somesville    (Faxon    & 
Rand). 
C.  varia,  Muhl.     C.  JEmmonsii,  Dewey. 

Infrequent.  In  dry  ground,  Sutton  Island  (Redfield);  — 
Beech  Hill  cross-road  (Rand) ;  —  Norwood  Road,  Southwest 
Harbor  (Faxon  &  Rand). 

C.  Novae-Angliae,  Schw. 

Common,  especially  in  dry  clearings.  Beech  Cliff  ;  Somes 
Pond  pastures ;  Intervale  Brook  valley;  Sargent  District;  Seal 
Cove;  Indian  Point  road,  Somesville;  Norwood  Road,  South- 
west Harbor;  head  of  The  Barcelona,  etc.  (Rand);  — Breakneck 
road,  etc.  (Redfield). 
C.  Pennsylvanica,  Lam. 

Infrequent.  Abundant,  however,  along  the  Indian  Point 
road  between  Somesville  and  Oak  Hill  (R.  &  R.);  —  Break- 
neck road,  near  Hulls  Cove  (Redfield). 

C.  communis,  Bailey.      C.  varia,  Gray,  Man.,  5th  ed. 

Common  in  dry  ground  everywhere.  A  form  from  Beech 
Mt.  Notch  "approaching  var.  Wheeleri,  Bailey"  (Rand).  A 
form  from  clearing  on  Meadow  Brook,  Indian  Point  road,  Somes- 
ville, with  very  soft,  short,  bright  green  leaves  (Faxon  &  Rand). 
Perigynia  of  this  species  much  infested  by  a  smut. 

C.  umbellata,  Schk. 

"  Very  low  and  compact,  with  the  spikes  all  closely  clustered 
near  the  surface  of  the  ground."  L.  H.  Bailey,  Bull.  Torr. 


170  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Bot.  Club,   xvi.   219.     Frequent.     High  Head;    Browns   Mt.  ; 
Youngs  District,   etc.  (Rand) ;  —Breakneck  road  (Eedfield). 

Var.   vicina,  Dewey. 

"  Looser  and  taller  than  the  type,  with  many  of  the  peduncles 
elongated  and  becoming  true  culms."  Bailey,  I.  c.  More  com- 
mon than  the  type.  Sargent  Mt. ;  clearings,  near  Sunken 
Heath  ;  Intervale  Brook  valley  ;  Beech  Mt.  Notch,  etc. 
(Eand);  — Somesville;  Sargent  Mt.;  Beech  Cliff  (E.  &  E.). 
Forms  intermediate  between  this  and  the  type  are  not  in- 
frequent. 

C.  polytrichoides,  Muhl. 

Low  ground,  and  damp  grassy  places ;  common. 

C.  stipata,  Muhl. 

Very  common,  and  variable. 

C.  tenella,  Schk. 

Damp  places  ;  infrequent.  Sargent  Mt. ;  woods  on  Town 
Hill  road,  Somesville  (Eand). 

C.  exilis,  Dewey. 

Swamps  and  pond  borders ;  frequent.  Breakneck  Ponds  (E. 
&E.);  —  Somes  Pond  (E.  Faxon);  —  Sunken  Heath  (Eand). 
Perigynia  much  infested  by  a  smut. 

C.   sterilis,  Willd.     C.   echinata,   Murray,   var.   microstachys, 

Boeckl.      Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  618. 

Short,  stiff,  and  erect  (usually  not  much  exceeding  1°  in 
height),  the  old  leaves  often  persistent;  head  tawny  or  greenish- 
yellow,  short,  composed  of  from  three  to  five  small  loosish  con- 
tiguous spikes,  of  which  the  uppermost  is  usually  conspicuously 
attenuated  at  the  base  by  the  presence  of  staminate  flowers, — 
sometimes  the  terminal  spike,  or  even  the  whole  head,  is  entirely 
staminate;  perigynium  thin  and  flat,  conspicuously  contracted 
into  a  slender  beak, —  which  is  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the 
body  and  spreading  so  as  to  give  the  spike  an  echinate  appear- 
ance,—  sharp-edged  and  rough  on  the  upper  margins,  variously 
nerved  and  very  sharply  toothed.  L.  H.  Bailey,  Bull.  Torr. 
Bot.  Club,  xx.  424.  Common  in  bogs  and  meadows.  Head  of 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  171 

Northeast  Creek  ;    Sargent  Mt. ;    High  Head,   and   elsewhere 
(Rand);  —  Somesville;  Sea  Wall  (R.  &  R.). 

Var.  excelsior,  Bailey. 

Taller  and  more  slender  (often  2°  high),  the  heads  usually 
more  scattered  and  mostly  somewhat  greener.  Bailey,  I.  c. 
Common  in  bogs  and  low  grounds  throughout  the  Island. 

Var.  cephalantha,  Bailey.     C.  echinata,  Murray,  var.  cepha- 

lantha,  Bailey.  Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  618. 
Rather  stiff  but  slender  and  tall,  or  the  top  of  the  culm  weak 
(l°-2°  high) ;  head  mostly  continuous  or  more  or  less  dense  and 
composed  of  five  to  eight  approximate  (rarely  scattered),  large 
(15-30-flowered)  green  or  greenish  loose  spikes,  in  which  the  ma- 
ture narrow  long-beaked  perigynia  usually  spread  nearly  or  quite 
at  right  angles.  Bailey,  I.  c.  Frequent.  Little  Cranberry  Isle ; 
Barr  Hill ;  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield)  ;  —  meadow,  Doctors  Brook ; 
High  Head  meadow  (Rand)  ;  —  Salisbury  Cove  (R.  &  R.). 

Var.   angustata   (Carey),   Bailey.      C.  echinata,  Murray,   var. 

angustata,  Bailey.     Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  618. 

Very  slender,    sometimes  almost  thread-like,   weak,  bearing 

long  and  narrow  divaricate  perigynia,  which  are  either  in  loose 

small  heads  or  in  scattered  spikes.     Bailey,  I.  c.     Rare.     Wet 

ground  at  junction  of  Prettymarsh  and  Seal  Cove  roads  (Rand). 

C.    Atlantica,    Bailey.      C.   echinata,   Murray,    var.    conferta, 

Bailey.     Gray,  Man.,   6th  ed.,  618. 

Tall  (16'-24')  and  very  stiff  and  strong,  the  leaves  broad 
but  stiff  and  usually  becoming  somewhat  involute  when  dry; 
spikes  contiguous  or  scattered,  spreading,  globular  or  short- 
cylindrical,  densely  flowered,  green;  the  terminal  one  slenderly 
contracted  below  or  even  entirely  staminate;  perigynium  large 
and  very  broad  (the  body  about  as  broad  as  long),  with  a  dis- 
tinct rough,  bifid  beak,  strongly  many-nerved,  especially  upon 
the  back,  squarrose  or  usually  retrorse  at  maturity,  shelling 
off  readily  when  ripe.  Bailey,  I.  c.  Frequent.  Sargent  Mt. ; 
Freeman  Heath  ;  meadow  on  Sunken  Heath  Brook  ;  wood  road 
to  Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Rand).  None  of  the  specimens  thus  far 
collected  are  really  typical. 


172  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

C.  canescens,  L. 

Wet  grounds  ;  common  everywhere.  Forms  approaching 
var.  alpicola,)  Wahl.,  occur  on  Indian  Point  road,  Somesville  ; 
in  woods  near  Spruce  Point,  Eden ;  and  near  northern  end  of 
Denning  Pond  (Rand). 

Var.  vulgaris,  Bailey. 

Common  as  the  type  ;  in  woods  and  drier  places. 
C.  Norvegica,  Willd. 

Rare.  Borders  of  salt  marsh,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Red- 
field). 

C.  trisperma,  Dewey. 

Common  in  bogs  and  wet  ground. 
C.  Deweyana,  Schw. 

Rare.     Southwest  Valley  road  (Greenleaf,  Lane  &  Rand). 
C.  tribuloides,  Wahl. 

Northeast  Meadow  (R.  &  R.); —  burnt  woods,  Youngs  Dis- 
trict (Rand).  Commonly  appearing  in  the  next  named  variety. 

Var.  re  duct  a,  Bailey. 

More  common  than  the  type.  In  copse,  near  bridge  at  mouth 
of  Northeast  Creek;  High  Head  meadow;  Oak  Hill;  bog  at 
northern  foot  of  Beech  Hill  (Rand). 

Var.  cristata  (Schw.),  Bailey.      C.  cristata,  Schw. 

Rare.  Damp  roadside  at  northern  foot  of  Beech  Hill  (Rand). 
C.  scoparia,  Schk. 

Common  everywhere. 
Var.  minor,  Boott. 

Dry  ground ;  infrequent.  Beech  Mt.  Notch ;  Youngs  District  j 
Somesville;  road  west  of  Browns  Mt.  (Rand). 

C.  adusta,  Boott.      C.  pinguis,  Bailey,  not  C.  adusta  of  Gray, 

Man.,  5th  ed. 

Local,  but  not  uncommon.  Mt.  Kebo  (Greenleaf) ;  —  burnt 
woods,  south  of  Sunken  Heath  (Faxon  &  Rand);  —  Sea  Wall 
road,  Southwest  Harbor;  Intervale  Brook  valley;  road  west  of 
Browns  Mt.  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  173 

C.  fcenea,  Willd.     C.  adusta  of  Gray,  Man.,  5th  ed. 

Dry  ground;  common. 
Var.  perplexa,  Bailey. 

Eare.     Somesville  (Redfield)  ;  —  Beech  Hill  (Rand). 

C.  silicea,  Olney. 

Rare.     Beach  near  Thumbcap,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (R.  &  R.). 

C.  straminea,  Willd.    C.  straminea,  var.  tenera  of  Gray,  Man., 

5th  ed. 

Infrequent.  Woods,  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  —  meadow  on 
Denning  Brook;  Somesville  (Rand). 

Var.  brevior,  Dewey. 

Infrequent.  Mt.  Kebo  (Greenleaf) ;  —  Seal  Cove  (Rand) ;  — 
Town  Hill  (M.  L.  Fernald).  A  depauperate  form,  Newport  Mt. 
(Rand). 

Var.  aperta,  Boott. 

Common  in  wet  ground,  especially  near  the  coast. 
Var.  invisa,  W.  Boott. 

Rare.  Schooner  Head  (W.  Boott,  spec,  in  Herb.  Gray) ;  — 
bog  on  shore  south  of  Sea  Wall  (Rand) ;  —  Southwest  Harbor 
(M.  L.  Fernald).  A  form  nearly  approaching  this  variety,  Bass 
Harbor  (Rand). 

Var.  alata  (Torr.),  Bailey.     C.  alata,  Torr. 

Seal  Harbor  (Redfield).  Specimens  not  entirely  characteris- 
tic, but  apparently  this  variety. 

C.  albolutescens,  Schw.    C.  straminea,  Willd.,  var.  foenea,  Torr. 

Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  622.* 

Infrequent.  Road  west  of  Browns  Mt.  (Rand),  and  probably 
elsewhere. 

Var.  cumulata,  Bailey.     C.  straminea,  Willd.,  var.  cumulata, 

Bailey.     Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  622. 
Dry  ground,  especially  in  newly  disturbed  soil ;  common. 

*  See  also  Bailey  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx.  421,  422. 


176  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

ANTHOXANTHUM,  L.     SWEET  VERNAL  GRASS. 

A.    ODORATUM,   L. 

Fields  and  meadows;  becoming  common.  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 

HIEROCHLOE,  Gmelin.     SWEET  GRASS. 
H.  borealis,  Boem.  &  Scbultes. 

Borders  of  salt  or  brackish  meadows  and  marsbes.  Bass 
Harbor ;  Southwest  Harbor ;  Little  Harbor ;  Seal  Harbor ; 
Northeast  Meadow;  Thomas  Bay;  Cranberry  Isles;  Duck  Isl- 
ands, and  elsewhere.  Much  used  by  the  Indians  for  basket 
work. 

STIPA,  L.    FEATHER  GRASS. 

S.  Macounii,    Scribner.*      S.  Eichardsonii,  Gray,   non   Link. 

Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  641. 

Rare.  Burnt  woods,  Youngs  District  (Band,  E.  Faxon);  — 
wood  clearings,  Somesville  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

ORYZOPSIS,  MX.     MOUNTAIN  BICE. 
0.  asperifolia,  MX. 

Dry  woods  and  clearings;  not  uncommon. 

MUHLENBERGIA,  Schreb.     DROP-SEED  GRASS. 

M.  glomerata  (Willd.),  Trin. 

Infrequent.  Damp  field,  Northeast  Harbor  (Band)  ;  —  Long 
Pond  meadows  (Bedfield);  —  Sargent  Mt. ;  Beech  Mt.  Notch; 
shore,  Jordan  Pond  (Band). 

*  M.  diffusa,  Schreb. 

"In  abundance,"  western  slope  of  Green  Mt.  (Arnold 
Greene). 

BRACHYELYTRUM,  Beauv. 
B.  aristatum  (Pers.),  Beauv. 

Low  woods  throughout  the  Island;  frequent,  but  not  abundant. 

*  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xix.  154. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  177 

PHLEUM,  L.     CAT'S-TAIL  GRASS. 

P.   PRATENSE,  L.      TIMOTHY. 

Common  in  fields  and  meadows.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

ALOPECURUS,  L.     FOX-TAIL  GRASS. 

A.  PRATENSIS,  L.     MEADOW  FOX-TAIL. 

Fields  and  by  roadsides  ;  infrequent.  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ; 
—  Southwest  Harbor;  Bar  Harbor;  Hulls  Cove;  Somesville 
(Kand).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

SPOROBOLUS,  R.  Br.     DROP-SEED  GRASS. 

S.  serotinus  (Torr.),  Gray.     MIST  GRASS. 
Meadows  and  low  ground;  frequent. 

AGROSTIS,  L.     BENT  GRASS. 

A.  ALBA,  L.     WHITE  BENT  GRASS.     HERD'S  GRASS. 

Meadows  and  fields;  common.  Naturalized  from  Europe 
through  cultivation. 

Var.  SYLVATICA  (L.),  Scribner. 

A  viviparous  form  of  the  species.  Beech  Hill;  Somes  Stream 
(Rand). 

Var.  coarctata  (Hoffm.),  Scribner. 

Panicle  dense;  branches  short,  flower-bearing  to  the  base; 
plant  not  stoloniferous.  In  wet  ground ;  frequent.  Baker 
Island  (Redfield);  —  High  Head;  bog,  Kings  Point,  Southwest 
Harbor  (Rand);  —  head  of  Somes  Sound  (Greenleaf).  Doubt- 
less indigenous. 

Var.  stolonifera  (L.),  Vasey, 

Panicle  dense,  but  the  spikelets  less  crowded  than  in  var. 
coarctata,  narrow,  often  linear;  plant  stoloniferous.  On  beaches 
by  the  shore,  and  elsewhere.  Hunters  Beach;  High  Head 
(Rand)  ;  —  Little  Cranberry  Isle;  Little  Harbor  (Redfield). 
Doubtless  indigenous. 

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CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  177 

PHLEUM,  L.     CAT'S-TAIL  GRASS. 

P.    PRATENSE,   L.       TlMOTHT. 

Common  in  fields  and  meadows.     Naturalized  from  Europe. 

ALOPECURUS,  L.     FOX-TAIL  GRASS. 

A.  PRATENSIS,  L.     MEADOW  FOX-TAIL. 

Fields  and  by  roadsides ;  infrequent.  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ; 
—  Southwest  Harbor;  Bar  Harbor;  Hulls  Cove;  Somesville 
(Band).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

SPOROBOLUS,  It.  Br.    DROP-SEED  GRASS. 

S.  serotinus  (Torr.),  Gray.     MIST  GRABS. 
Meadows  and  low  ground;  frequent. 

AOROSTI3,  L.    BENT  GRASS. 

A.  ALBA,  L.      WHITE  BENT  GRASS.     HERD'S  GRASS. 

Meadows  and  fields;  common.  Naturalized  from  Europe 
through  cultivation. 

Var.  SYLVATICA  (L.),  Scribner. 

A  viviparous  form  of  the  species.  Beech  Hill;  Somes  Stream 
(Rand). 

Var.  coarctata  (Hoffm.),  Scribner. 

Panicle  dense;  branches  short,  flower-bearing  to  the  base; 
plant  not  stolon iferous.  In  wet  ground ;  frequent.  Baker 
Island  (Redfield);-— High  Head;  bog,  Kings  Point,  Southwest 
Harbor  (Rand) ;  —  head  of  Somes  Sound  (Greenleaf).  Doubt- 
less  indigenous. 

Var.  stolonifera  (L.),  Vasey. 

Panicle  dense,  but  the  spikelets  less  crowded  than  in  var. 
coarctata,  narrow,  often  linear;  plant  stolon  iferous.  On  beaches 
by  the  shore,  and  elsewhere.  Hunters  Beach;  High  Head 
(Rand)  ;  — Little  Cranberry  Isle;  Little  Harbor  (Redfield). 
Doubtless  indigenous. 

12 


178  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  VULGABIS  (With.),  Thurb.      RED- TOP. 

Meadows  and  fields;  common.  Naturalized  from  Europe 
through  cultivation,  and  perhaps  also  indigenous. 

A.  perennans  (Walt.),  Tuck. 

Frequent  in  damp  shady  places  and  by  brooksides.  Beech 
Mt.  Notch;  Deer  Brook,  Jordan  Pond ;  Gilmore  Brook;  Little 
Harbor  Brook  Notch,  and  elsewhere  (Rand); — Southwest  Harbor 
(M.  L.  Fernald).  It  seems  doubtful  whether  these  northern  plants 
belong  to  the  true  southern  A.  perennans.  A  form  from  woods 
south  of  Beech  Mt.  may  be  A.  Novce-Anglice,  Tuck. 

A.  scabra,  Willd.     HAIR  GRASS. 

Dry  soil;  common.  A  dwarf  form  growing  in  tufts  in  rock 
hollows  and  dry  places  is  var.  montanum  (Torr.).  Sargent 
Mt.  (Greenleaf,  Band) ;  —  Western  Mt. ;  White  Beach,  Great 
Pond  (Rand). 

A.  canina,  L. 

Infrequent.     Sargent  Mt.  (Greenleaf,  Rand). 

CINNA,  L.     WOOD  REED  GRASS. 
C.  pendula,  Trin. 

Damp  woods.  Cold  Brook  ;  Little  Harbor  Brook  valley; 
Beech  Mt.  Notch  (Rand) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield).  A  very 
robust  form,  head  of  Beech  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 

CALAMAGROSTIS,  Adans.     REED  BENT  GRASS. 

C.  Canadensis  (Mx.),  Beauv.     BLUE  JOINT. 

Common  in  moist  or  wet  ground  from  sea  level  to  mountain 
summits. 

DESCHAMPSIA,  Beauv.     HAIR  GRASS. 

D.  flexuosa  (L.),  Trin. 

Common  in  dry  places,  especially  on  hills  and  mountains. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  179 

TRISETUM,  Pers. 

T.  subspicatum  (L.),  Beauv.,  var.  molle  (Mx.),  Gray. 
Bare.     Bluff  by  shore,  Northwest  Cove  (Eand). 

DANTHONIA,  DC.    WILD  OAT  GRASS. 

D.  spicata  (L.),  Beauv. 

Common  everywhere  in  poor  soil. 

DACTYLIS,  L.     ORCHARD  GRASS. 

D.    GIOMERATA,    L. 

Sparingly  introduced.  Northeast  Harbor;  "  Fox  Dens/' 
Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville  (Rand).  Naturalized  from 
Europe. 

POA,  L.     SPEAR  GRASS.     MEADOW  GRASS. 

P.  ANNUA,   L.     Low  SPEAR  GRASS. 

Eoadsides  and  cultivated  grounds.  Bar  Harbor;  Southwest 
Harbor;  Northeast  Harbor;  Somesville,  and  elsewhere.  Intro- 
duced, and  becoming  common.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

P.  COMPRESSA,  L.      WIRE  GRASS. 

Frequent  in  dry  soil,  or  rocky  places.  Appearing  indigenous 
in  many  places  on  the  Island,  but  doubtless  naturalized  from 
Europe. 

P.  nemoralis,  L. 

Somesville  (Rand). 
P.  serotina,  Ehrh.     FALSE  RED-TOP. 

Common  and  very  variable.  This  species  runs  gradually  into 
P.  nemoralis  ;  specimens  from  Bubble  Pond  (Kand)  can  hardly 
be  distinguished.  A  large  form  with  ample  panicle  (P.  fer- 
tilisj  Host),  Somes  Pond,  at  outlet,  in  water  (Rand). 

P.  pratensis,  L.      KENTUCKY  BLUE  GRASS. 

Common.  Perhaps  indigenous,  but  mostly  naturalized  from 
Europe. 


180  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

GLYCERIA,  E.  Br.     MANNA  GRASS. 
G.  Canadensis  (Mx.),   Trin.     RATTLESNAKE  GRASS.    JOB'S  TEARS. 

Common  in  wet  places. 
G.  laxa,  Scribner. 

A  coarse  leafy  grass,  2°-4°  high,  with  a  diffuse  ample  panicle 
and  oblong,  somewhat  turgid  spikelets.  Sheaths  scabrous,  the 
lower  exceeding  the  interuodes.  Ligule  about  V  long,  thin, 
lacerate.  Leaves  8'-15'  long,  3"-4"  wide,  very  rough-scabrous, 
both  sides  tapering  to  a  sharp  point  or  the  lower  ones  abruptly 
sharp-pointed.  Panicle  7'— 9'  long,  the  main  axis  and  branches 
strongly  scabrous,  lower  branches  in  twos  or  threes,  the  upper 
solitary,  the  longer  and  usually  widely  spreading  lower  ones 
3' -5'  long.  Spikelets  oblong  or  broadly  ovate,  3-5-flowered, 
about  2"  long,  much  exceeding  the  pedicels,  and  from  l"-l£" 
wide.  Empty  glumes  unequal,  scarious-margined,  the  larger 
second  glume  about  one  half  the  length  of  the  first  floret. 
Flowering  glumes  rounded  on  the  back,  l"-l£"  long,  broadly 
obovate,  obtuse,  with  a  narrow  scarious  margin  above,  7-nerved, 
nerves  not  prominent.  Palea  nearly  equalling  the  glume,  the 
keels  smooth,  strongly  curved  above.  Closely  allied  to  G.  Cana- 
densis, but  the  smaller  spikelets  are  green  or  purple  tinged,  and 
the  more  obtuse  floral  glume  scarcely  exceeds  the  narrower  palea. 

F.  Lamson-Scribner  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xxi.  37,  sub  nom. 
JPanicularia  laxa,  and  republished  here  as  above  at  his  desire. 
Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ; — Somesville  (Rand).     A  form  appar- 
ently of  this   species  with  smaller  and  imperfectly  developed 
spikelets,  Great  Cranberry  Isle;  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield). 

G.  obtusa  (Muhl.),  Trin. 

Common  in  wet  grounds  about  Somesville.  Also  Southwest 
Harbor;  Sea  Wall  (Rand). 

G.  elongata  (Torr.),  Trin. 

Wet  woods.  Near  Beech  Hill  (Arnold  Greene) ;  —  Canada 
Valley;  Seal  Harbor;  Beech  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 

G.  nervata  (Willd.),  Trin. 
Common  in  meadows. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  181 

G.  pallida  (Torr.),  Trin. 

A  narrow-leaved  form  in  bog  at  northern  foot  of  Beech  Hill 
(Rand). 
G.  grandis,  S.  Watson.      G.  aquatica  (L.),  Sm. 

Somes  Stream,  Somesville  (Rand). 
G.  fluitans  (L.),  R.  Br. 

Brooksides  and  ditches ;  frequent. 

PUCCINELLIA,  Parl.*     (Atropis,  Rupr.) 

P.  maritima  (Huds.),  Parl.    Atropis  maritima  (Huds.),  Griseb'. 

Glyceria  maritima  (Huds.),  Wahl.     SEA  SPEAR  GRASS. 
Rare.     Shore.  Somes  Harbor  (Redfield).     A  puzzling  form, 
perhaps  a  hybrid  between  this  species  and  P.  distans,  Norwood 
Cove  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

Var.  (?)  minor,  S.  Watson.  Atropis  maritima,  var.  Nutkaensis 
(Presl),  Scribner.  Atropis  angustata  (R.  Br.),  Griseb. 
Puccinellia  angustata  (R.  Br.).  Glyceria  angustata  (R. 
Br.),  Fries. 

Sea  beaches.  Somesville;  Ovens;  Thomas  Bay;  Southwest 
Harbor;  Mt.  Desert  Narrows,  and  elsewhere.  "  This  form  is 
distinguished  from  P.  maritimaby  its  smaller  and  weaker  habit, 
and  by  having  the  keels  of  the  palea  smooth  below  and  only  very 
minutely  scabrous  above.  In  P.  maritima  the  keels  of  the  palea 
are  strongly  fringed  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base."  F.  Lamson- 
Scribner.  More  recent  examination  shows  this  form  to  be  spe- 
cifically distinct,  and  should  bear  the  name  in  the  Manual  of 
P.  angustata  (R.  Br.). 

PESTUCA,  L.     FESCUE  GRASS. 

F.  ovina,  L.     SHEEP'S  FESCUE. 

Common  especially  on  or  near  the  shore.  Also  on  Cranberry 
Isles.  All  specimens  from  Mt.  Desert  and  vicinity  are  referred, 
however,  to  F.  rubra,  L.,  by  Prof.  F.  Lamson-Scribner,  which 

*  Better  considered  as  a  sub-genus  of  Glyceria. 


182  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

he  considers  without  doubt  a  distinct  species  from  F.  ovina. 
Specimens  from  High  Head,  Great  Cranberry  Isle,  Little 
Cranberry  Isle,  and  Thompson  Island,  may  be  referred  to  var. 
genuine^  Hack.  A  specimen  from  Indian  Point  road,  Somes- 
ville,  appears  to  be  var.  fallax,  Hack. 

"In  F.  rubra  the  leaves  of  the  culm  and  sterile  shoots  are 
similar,  the  ligules  in  the  latter  are  not  auriculate,  and  the 
shoots  themselves  are  extra-vaginal;  i.  e.  the  buds  of  the 
branches  at  the  base  of  the  culm  burst  through  the  base  of 
the  leaf  sheath  in  the  axil  of  which  they  are  formed.  In 
F.  ovina  the  leaves  of  the  flowering  culms  and  sterile  shoots 
are  unlike,  the  ligules  on  the  latter  are  auriculate  and  the 
shoots  themselves  are  intra-vaginal;  i.  e.  the  buds  in  the  lower 
leaf  axils  grow  up  out  of  the  sheaths  and  do  not  break  through 
them  below.  F.  ovina  is  strictly  tufted,  while  F.  rubra  extends 
more  or  less  by  rootstocks."  F.  Lamson-Scribner. 

F.  DURIUSCULA,  L.  F.  ovina,  L.,  var.  duriuscula,  Koch. 
Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed. 

Rare.  Near  Hulls  Cove  (Rand).  Naturalized  from  Europe. 
F.  ELATIOR,  L. 

Fields  and  roadsides;  common.  Northeast  Harbor;  South- 
west Harbor;  Bar  Harbor;  Somesville;  Seal  Harbor;  High 
Head.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

Var.  PRATENSIS  (Huds.),  Gray. 

Fields.  Seal  Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor;  Somesville;  High 
Head,  and  elsewhere.  Naturalized  from  Europe. 

BROMUS,  L.     BROME  GRASS. 
B.  ciliatus,  L. 

Frequent  in  rocky  woods  and  low  ground.     Variable. 

AGROPYRUM,  Gsertn.     (Triticum,  L.)     FALSE  WHEAT. 

A.  repens   (L.),   Beauv.     Triticum  repens,   L.     QUITCH  GRASS. 

WITCH  GRASS. 

Fields,  waysides,  and  shores;  common  and  very  variable. 
Naturalized  from  Europe  in  cultivated  grounds,  and  also  in- 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  183 

digenous.  The  Island  forms  appear  for  the  most  part  to  be 
indigenous  northern  and  coast  forms,  and  abound  on  beaches 
and  on  banks  by  the  shore. 

Var.  glaucum  (Desf.),  Boiss.      Triticum  repens,  L.,  var.  inter- 
medium, Fries. 

A  glaucous,  rigid,  maritime  form,  with  large  crowded  spikelets 
and  glumes  blunt  or  mucronate.  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield)  ;  — 
Northeast  Harbor;  Southwest  Harbor,  etc.  (Eand). 

Var.  pilosum,  Scribner. 

Upper  surface  of  leaves  pilose,  rhachis  of  spike  pubescent  fo 
hirsute,  flowering  glumes  awnless  or  short  cuspidate  pointed. 
Southwest  Harbor  (Rand).  This,  however,  may  be  the  same 
as  var.  agreste,  Anders. 

Other  well  marked  forms  are  numerous ;  but  it  seems  impos- 
sible to  identify  them  with  any  certainty  without  a  careful 
comparison  with  authentic  specimens  in  European  herbaria. 

A.  caninum  (L.),  Eoem.  &  Schultes.      Triticum  caninum,  L. 

Eare.  Field  near  the  head  of  Northeast  Harbor  (Eand). 
Naturalized  from  Europe,  and  also  indigenous.  Probably  intro- 
duced on  the  Island. 

HORDEUM,  L.     BARLEY. 
H.  jubatum,  L.     SQUIRREL-TAIL  GRASS. 
Common  on  the  coast. 

ELYMUS,  L.     WILD  EYE.     LYME  GRASS. 
E.  Virginicus,  L. 

Common  on  the  coast. 
E.  mollis,  Trin. 

Muddy  or  sandy  shores  on  the  coast ;  frequent.  Considered 
by  many  authors  as  identical  with  E.  arenarius,  L.,  which 
occurs  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


184  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

SERIES  II.     CRYPTOGAMIA;     FLOWERLESS    PLANTS. 

CLASS  I.    PTERIDOPHYTA. 
EQUISETACE^S.     HORSETAIL  FAMILY. 

EQUISETUM,  L.     HORSETAIL.     SCOURING  RUSH. 

E.  arvense,  L.      COMMON  HORSETAIL. 

Moist  gravelly  soil;  common. 
E.  sylvaticum,  L. 

Wet  banks  and  shady  places;  frequent. 
E.  limosum,  L. 

Borders  of  ponds;  rare.  Bubble  Pond  (F.  M.  Day,  Redfield) ; 
—  Great  Pond  (Rand). 

FILICES.     FERNS. 

POLYPODIUM,  L.     POLYPODY. 
P.  vulgare,  L. 

Rocks;  very  common. 

PTEEIS,  L.     BRAKE. 
P.  aqnilina,  L. 

Dry  soil ;  very  common. 

ASPLENIUM,  L.     SPLEENWORT. 

A.  Filix-foBmina  (L.),  Bernh.     LADY  FERN. 

Damp  shady  places;  frequent,  and  very  variable. 

Var.  angustatum   (Willd.),    D.   C.    Eaton.     Var.    Michauxii, 

Mett. 

Fronds  l°-3°  high,  rather  rigid,  narrow  in  outline,  nearly 
bipinnate;  pinnse  obliquely  ascending  or  curved  upwards,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate ;  segments  oblong,  crowded,  crenated  or  serrate; 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  185 

sori  usually  abundant,  straight  or  curved.     Eaton,  Ferns  N.  A. 
227.     Woods;  infrequent.     Salisbury  Cove  (Clara  L.  Walley). 

Var.  exile,  D.  C.  Eaton. 

Fronds  3'-6r  high,  lanceolate,  pinnate;  pinnae  oblong-lanceo- 
late, deeply  cut  into  oblong  laciniae  which  are  two-  to  three- 
toothed  at  the  end.  Eaton,  Ferns  N.  A.  227.  Woods;  rare. 
Breakneck  road  (Clara  L.  Walley). 


PHEGOPTERIS,  Fee.     BEECH  FERN. 
P.  polypodioides,  Fee.     Polypodium  Phegopteris,  L. 

Common  in  damp  woods.  A  form  closely  approaching  P.  hex- 
agonoptera,  Fee,  in  woods,  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield).  A  form 
with  the  main  rhachis  forked  at  the  apex,  woods,  head  of  The 
Barcelona  meadow  (Rand). 

P.  Dryopteris  (L.),  Fee. 

Damp  woods  and  shaded  rocky  places ;  common. 

ASPIDIUM,  Swz.     SHIELD  FERN. 

A.  Thelypteris  (L.),  Swz. 

Damp  ground;  not  uncommon.  Seal  Harbor;  Long  Pond 
meadows ;  Sutton  Island ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle ;  Baker  Island 
(Redfield);  —on  Somes  Stream  (R.  &  R.). 

A.  Noveboracense  (L.),  Swz. 

Damp  woods;  frequent.  Seal  Harbor;  Great  Cranberry  Isle, 
etc.  (Redfield) ;  —  Breakneck  road  (Clara  L.  Walley);  —  "Mt. 
Desert  "  (F.  M.  Day). 

A.  spinulosum  (Retz),  Swz. 

Damp  woods;  not  uncommon.  Breakneck  road  (Clara  L. 
Walley) ;  — Seal  Harbor;  Ovens  (Redfield). 

Var.  intermedium  (Muhl.),  D.  C.  Eaton. 
Woods;  common. 


186  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  dilatatum  (Hoffm.),  Hook. 

Woods ;  infrequent.  Breakneck  road  (Clara  L.  Walley) ;  — 
west  of  Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald).  A  dwarf  form  in 
woods,  Breakneck  road  (Clara  L.  Walley). 

A.  cristatum  (L.),  Swz. 

Wet  ground;  frequent. 
Var.  Clintonianum,  D.  C.  Eaton. 

Eare.     Near  Breakneck  road  (Clara  L.  Walley). 
A.  marginale  (L.),  Swz. 

Eocky  woods ;  frequent. 
A.  acrostichoides  (Mx.),  Swz.     CHRISTMAS  FERN. 

Deep  rocky  woods;  frequent. 

CYSTOPTERIS,  Bernh.    BLADDER  FERN. 

C.  fragilis  (L.),  Bernh. 

Eare.  Caves,  Barr  Hill  (Eedfield) ;  —  wet  cliffs,  West  Branch 
of  Hadlock  Brook  (Eand). 

ONOCLEA,  L.     SENSITIVE  FERN. 
0.  sensibilis,  L. 

Common  in  low  ground. 

WOODSIA,  E.  Br. 
W.  Ilvensis  (L.),  E.  Br. 

Infrequent  and  local.  Dog  Mt.  (Eand) ;  —  Flying  Mt.  (An- 
nie S.  Downs,  H.  C.  Jones,  and  others);  — Beech  Cliff  (Annie 
S.  Downs,  E.  &  E.). 

DICKSONIA,   L'Her. 

D.  pilosiuscula,  Willd.     D.  punctilobula  (Mx.),  Gray. 
Common  everywhere. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  187 

OSMUNDA,  L.     FLOWERING  FERN. 

0.  regalis,  L.      FLOWERING  FERN. 

Swamps  and  wet  meadows ;  common. 
0.  Claytoniana,  L.      INTERRUPTED  FLOWERING  FERN. 

Common  in  low  ground.  A  form  with  upper  pinnae  of  sterile 
frond  partly  fertile,  Bar  Harbor  (Mary  Minot).  A  form  with 
middle  pinnae  of  fertile  frond  partly  sterile,  and  undeveloped, 
Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield). 

0.  cinnamomea,  L.      CINNAMON  FERN. 
Common  in  damp  ground  everywhere. 

OPHIOGLOSSACE^E.    ADDER'S  TONGUE  FAMILY. 
BOTRYCHIUM,  Swz.     MOONWORT. 

B.  simplex,  Hitchcock. 

Kare.  High  Head  (Eand,  Eedfield  &  Faxon) ;  —  Beech  Cliff 
(Eand). 

B.  matricariaefolium,  A.  Br. 

Infrequent.  Jordan  Pond  road  (Harriet  A.  Hill) ;  —  field, 
Northwest  Cove;  Cold  Brook;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Kand). 

B.  ternatum  (Thunb.),  Swz. 

Somewhat  frequent  in  low  fields  and  pastures;  occasionally 
in  woods.  Seal  Harbor;  Long  Pond  meadows  (Eedfield); —  Sut- 
ton  Island;  Sawyer  Cove  (Harriet  A.  Hill);  — Duck  Brook  road 
(Clara  L.  Walley)  ;  —  woods,  north  of  Jordan  Pond  (Theodore 
G.  White); — meadow,  head  of  Northeast  Creek;  Southwest 
Valley  road  (Eand). 

Var.  intermedium,  D.  C.  Eaton. 

Eare.     High  Head  meadow  (Eand). 
Var.  obliquum  (Muhl.),  Milde. 

Not  uncommon.  Duck  Brook  road  (Clara  L.  Walley) ;  — 
meadow,  head  of  Northeast  Creek ;  Southwest  Harbor  (Eand) ; 
fields  above  Long  Pond  (E.  &  E.). 


188  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  dissectum  (Spreng.),  Milde. 

Frequent.  Duck  Brook  road  (Clara  L.  Walley)  j  —  meadow, 
head  of  Northeast  Creek;  High  Head  meadow;  fields,  Clark 
Point,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand) ;  —  fields  above  Long  Pond 
(Redfield);  —  Sawyer  Cove  (Harriet  A.  Hill). 

OPHIOGLOSSUM,  L.     ADDER'S  TONGUE. 
0.  vulgatum,  L. 

Rare.  Wet  field,  head  of  Southwest  Harbor  (Annie  S. 
Downs). 

LYCOPODIACE^E.    CLUB  Moss  FAMILY. 

LYCOPODIUM,  L.    CLUB  Moss. 
L.  Selago,  L. 

Kare.     Sargent  Mt.  (H.  C.  Jones,  Rand,  Kedfield). 
L.  lucidulum,  MX. 

Deep  moist  woods;  common. 
L.  inundatum,  L. 

Bogs  and  wet  places;  frequent.  Cedar  Swamp;  Southwest 
Harbor;  Sea  Wall  Swamp;  Aunt  Bettys  Pond;  Ripples  Pond; 
Gilmore  Meadow ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle.  etc.  (Rand)  ;  —  bog, 
Hadlock  Upper  Pond,  etc.  (Redfield). 

Var.  Bigelovii,  Tuck. 

Bogs;  uncommon.  Border  of  Upper  Breakneck  Pond;  border 
of  Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Rand). 

L.  annotinum,  L. 

Woods  and  damp  thickets  ;  frequent.  Also  Sargent  Mt. 
(Theodore  G.  White). 

L.  obscurum,  L. 

Rare.  Roadside  between  Somesville  and  Southwest  Harbor, 
near  Canada  Valley  (Rand). 

Var.  dendroideum  (Mx.),  D.  C.  Eaton.     GROUND  PINE. 
Woods;  common. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  189 

L.  clavatum,  L. 

Woods  and  thickets;  very  common. 
L.  complanatum,  L.     TRAILING  CHRISTMAS  GREEN. 

Dry  woods  and  thickets ;  common. 
Var.  Chamsecyparissus  (Braun),  D.  C.  Eaton. 

Woods  and  mountain  thickets ;  infrequent.  Between  Jordan 
Pond  and  Eagle  Lake  (Eedfield) ;  —  between  Jordan  Pond  and 
Northeast  Harbor  (E.  &  E.);  — Pemetic  Mt.;  woods,  Aunt 
Bettys  Pond  (Eand). 

SELAGINELLACE^E. 

SELAGINELLA,  Beauv. 

S.  rupestris  (L.),  Spring. 

Eare  and  local.  Flying  Mt.  (H.  C.  Jones,  Eand);  —  Dog 
Mt.  (Elizabeth  G.  Britton,  Eand,  E.  Faxon). 

ISOETES,  L.     QUILLWORT. 

I.  lacustris,  L. 

Infrequent.     Mouth  of  Deer  Brook,  Jordan  Pond  (Eedfield); 

—  west  shore  of  Jordan  Pond  (Eand).     A  very  small  form  on 
west  shore  of  Jordan  Pond  (Eand).     A  peculiar  form,  probably 
of  this  species,  Deer  Brook  (Eand);  —  Northwest  Arm,   Great 
Pond  (Fernald). 

I.  echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  Braunii  (Durieu),  Engelm. 

Sandy  and  gravelly  brook  courses  and  pond  shores ;  frequent. 
Jordan  Stream;  Deer  Brook;  shores  of  Jordan  Pond  (E.  &  E.); 

—  Somes  Stream;  Denning  Brook  (Eand). 

I.  riparia,  Engelm. 

Eare.  Somes  Stream  (George  G.  Kennedy)  ;  —  southeast  end 
of  Eipples  Pond  (Eand).  A  form  "not  typical  I.  riparia,  and 
yet  quite  a  departure  from  /.  lacustris,"  — Eipples  Brook  (Eand, 
M.  L.  Fernald),  fide  L.  M.  Underwood. 


190  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CLASS  II.    BRYOPHYTA. 
DIVISION  I.    MUSCI;   MOSSES. 

ORDER  I.     SPHAGNACE.E.     PEAT  MOSSES. 

List  prepared  by  Edward  L.  Hand,  assisted  greatly  by  Edwin 
Faxon  and  Prof.  Daniel  C.  Eaton,  and  arranged  mainly  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  writings  of  Dr.  Carl  Warnstorf,  of  Neuruppin, 
Germany. 

The  plants  catalogued  in  the  following  list  have  been  col- 
lected mostly  by  Edwin  Faxon  and  Edward  L.  Rand  ;  the 
determinations  are  by  Dr.  Carl  Warnstorf.  In  view  of  the 
great  difficulty  of  finding  descriptions  of  the  various  species 
and  varieties,  it  has  been  thought  wise  to  give  freely  refer- 
ences to  Lesquereux  and  James's  " Mosses  of  North  America," 
and  to  Dr.  Warnstorf's  articles  on  North  American  Sphagna, 
to  be  found  in  Coulter's  Botanical  Gazette,  Vol.  XV.,  in  the 
numbers  for  the  months  of  June,  August,  September,  and  Oc- 
tober, 1890, —  both  of  which  works  can  be  consulted  with  little 
trouble.  In  cases,  furthermore,  where  descriptions  are  not 
there  given,  they  have  been  either  translated  or  specially  pre- 
pared for  this  list  by  Prof.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Faxon.  It  has 
not  seemed  best  to  include  forms  and  sub-forms  herein,  since 
most  of  them  have  little  value  except  for  the  critical  stu- 
dent. Very  many  of  them  are,  however,  represented  in  the 
Mt.  Desert  Herbarium.  On  the  other  hand,  all  varieties  are 
given,  without  regard  to  the  distinctions  on  which  they  are 
founded.  The  value,  however,  of  most  of  the  so-called  color 
varieties  is  very  doubtful,  since  careful  observations  seem  to 
prove  beyond  question  that  the  color  of  Sphagnum  varies  greatly 
with  the  season.  It  is  even  a  matter  of  doubt  whether  a  given 
plant  of  any  species  may  not  quickly  vary  through  the  influence 
of  temporary  external  conditions,  assuming  at  one  time  the  form 
of  one  variety,  at  another  time  the  form  of  another.  This  doubt- 
ful value  of  varieties  of  Sphagnum  furnishes  an  additional  reason 
for  the  exclusion  of  mere  forms  and  sub-forms  from  a  local  cata- 
logue of  plants. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  191 

SPHAGNUM,  L.     PEAT  Moss. 

§  1.      ACUTIFOLIA. 

S.  fimbriatum,  Wils.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  14.     Var.  tenue. 
Gravet.     Bot,  Gaz.,  xv.  128. 

Swamp  west  of  Sea  Wall ;  Red  Rocks,  Great  Cranberry  Isle ; 

Bass  Harbor   (Rand) ;  — Little   Cranberry   Isle    (Redfield)j 

Sargent  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 

S.  Girgensohnii,  Russ.     S.  strictum,  Lindb.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses 

N.  A.,  13. 
Common. 

Var.  stachyodes,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  129. 

Southwest  Harbor;  western  side  of  Browns  Mt. ;  Seal  Har- 
bor; Long  Pond  meadows  (Rand). 

Var.  hydrophilum,  Russ. 

Plant  5-8  cm.  high,  pale  green,  mostly  drepanocladous, 
growing  in  wet  places,  the  coma  indistinct;  stem  leaves  narrow, 
nearly  twice  longer  than  broad,  very  narrowly  margined  except 
at  the  very  base,  hyaline  cells  often  partitioned,  pores  and 
fibrils  none;  branch  leaves  loosely  imbricate  with  spreading 
tips.  High  Head  (Rand). 

Var.  teretiusculum,  Warnst. 

In  extremely  compact  tufts,  5-7  cm.  high;  plants  very  slender; 
stem  leaves  very  small,  lingulate,  about  one  and  one  half  times 
as  long  as  wide;  branch  leaves  also  small,  closely  imbricated,  so 
that  the  short  branches  are  perfectly  terete.  Warnst.,  Hedwigia, 
xxxii.  (1893)  15.  Summit  of  Sargent  Mt.  (Rand). 

Var.  sphserocephalum,  Warnst. 

In  compact  tufts  about  10  cm.  high ;  stem  leaves  small,  lingu- 
late, little  longer  than  broad;  branches  of  the  coma  united  into 
a  large,  thick,  almost  spherical  head,  with  leaves  remarkably 
large  and  in  part  squarrosely  spreading.  Warnst.,  Hedwigia, 
xxxii.  (1893)  15.  Reservoir,  Jordan  Pond  road  (Rand). 


192  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

S.  Russowii,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  130. 

Pemetic  Mt.  (Rand). 
Var.  poBcilum,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  132. 

Beech  Mt.  (Rand). 
Var.  rhodochroum,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  132. 

Breakneck  Ponds  (E.  Faxon). 
Var.  carneum,  Russ. 

Upper  part  of  plant  pale  flesh-color,  passing  below  into  pale 
gray  or  grayish  green.  Woods,  Norwood  Cove ;  woods,  southern 
foot  of  Dog  Mt.  (Rand). 

S.  fuscum  (Schimp.),  von  Klinggraef.  Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  133. 
S.  acutifolium,  var.  fuscum,  Schimp.  L.  &  J.,  Mosses  K. 
A.,  13.  Var.  fuscescens,  Warnst.  Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  135. 

Common  in  dry  hogs.  Freeman  Heath;  Sunken  Heath; 
Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Faxon  &  Rand);  — The  Heath,  Great  Cran- 
berry Isle;  Sea  Wall,  etc.  (Rand). 

S.  tenellum  (Schimp.),  von  Klinggraef.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  135. 
Browns  Mt.;  woods,  Sea  Wall  Swamp  (E.  Faxon). 

Var.  rubellum  (Wils.),  von  Klinggraef.  Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  137. 
S.  rubellum,  Wils.  L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  13. 

Common  in  various  forms. 
Var.  versicolor,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  137. 

Pond  Heath;  Sunken  Heath  (E.  Faxon). 
Var.  violascens,  Warnst. 

Color  above,  a  livid  mixture  of  violet,  red,  and  green;  below, 
pale  reddish.  Lower  Breakneck  Pond  (E.  Faxon). 

S.  Warnstorfii,  Russ.     Bot.    Gaz.,  xv.  138.     Var.  violascens, 

Warnst. 

Plants  pale  yellowish  green  mixed  with  pale  violet  or  violet- 
red.  High  Head  meadow  (E.  Faxon). 

Var.  purpurascens,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  140. 
High  Head  meadow  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  193 

S.  acutifolium  (Ehrh.   in  part),   Russ.  &  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz., 

xv.  191. 
Common. 

Var.  rubmm  (Brid.),  Warnst. 

Plants  rosy-red  above,  gradually  becoming  paler  below. 
Common. 

Var.  versicolor,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  193. 

Frequent.  Freeman  Heath  ;  Beech  Hill  (E.  Faxon) ;  — 
Breakneck  Ponds;  Sargent  Mt.;  Beech  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 

Var.  viride,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  193. 

Beech  Mt. ;  Cold  Brook ;  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
Var.  pallescens,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  193. 

Sargent  Mt.;  Beech  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 

S.  subnitens,  Russ.  &  Warnst.,  var.  flavicomans,  Card.     Bot. 

Gaz.,  xv.  194-196. 

Frequent.  Swamp,  Meadow  Brook,  Somesville;  Breakneck 
Ponds ;  Freeman  Heath ;  Sea  Wall  Swamp  (E.  Faxon)  ;  —  bog 
west  of  Hio;  Great  Cranberry  Isle;  Somes  Pond,  etc.  (Rand). 

Var.  obscnrum,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  196. 

Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 
Var.  violascens,  Warnst. 

Whole  plant  very  pale,  soft;  white  with  faint  tinge  of  violet; 
coma  faint  pink.  Breakneck  Ponds  (Rand). 

Var.  pallescens,  Warnst. 

Plant  soft,  whitish,  becoming  pale  green  toward  the  coma, 
but  without  any  tinge  of  brownish  yellow.  Breakneck  Ponds 
(Faxon  &  Rand);  — bog  west  of  Hio  (Rand). 

§  2.    CUSPIDATA. 

S.  recurvum  (Beauv.),  Russ.  &  Warnst.    S.  intermedium,  Hoffm. 

L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  15. 

Sea  Wall  Swamp;  Sargent  Mt.  (E.  Faxon) ;—- Breakneck 
Ponds  (Rand). 

13 


194  FLORA  OF   MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  pulchrum,  Lindb.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  218. 

Frequent;  found  in  many  forms,  of  which  forma  fuscescens, 
with  the  whole  plant  rich  golden  brown  in  color,  is  the  most 
beautiful.      Abundant   at    Sunken    Heath  ;    Breakneck   Ponds 
(Faxon  &  Band) ;  —  Sea  Wall ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 
Var.  mucronatum,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  218. 

Breakneck  Ponds;  Otter  Cliffs  (Rand). 
Var.   amblyphyllum,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  219. 

Northwest  Arm  woods  (Rand);  — near  Northwest  Cove;  Sea 
Wall  Swamp  (E.  Faxon). 

Var.  parvifolium  (Sendt.),  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  219. 
Pond  Heath  (E.  Faxon); —  bog  near  Sea  Wall  (Rand). 

S.  cuspidatum  (Ehrh.),  Russ.  &  Warnst.,   var.  Miquelonense, 

Ren.  &  Card.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  230. 

Frequent.  Round  Pond;  near  Northwest  Cove  (E.  Faxon)  ;  — 
Aunt  Bettys  Pond;  Northwest  Arm  woods,  etc.  (Faxon  & 
Rand);  —  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

Var.  falcatum,  Russ.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  15. 

Branches  distinctly  falcate  at  the  apex.  Pools,  Great  Heath; 
The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

Var.  submersum,  Schimp. 

Tufts  loose,  very  soft,  deep  green,  nearly  or  quite  submersed 
or  floating;  stem  very  long  and  slender,  green;  branches  rather 
long,  decurved;  stem  leaves  broadly  ovate-oblong,  pointed,  fibril- 
lose  near  the  apex ;  branch  leaves  rather  long  and  narrow,  green, 
flexuous  when  dry;  fruit  scattered  along  the  stem  below  the 
coma,  pseudopodia  often  very  long,  perichaetial  leaves  scattered, 
fibrillose.  Plant  softer  than  var.  Miquelonense,  and  much 
smaller  than  var.  Torreyanum.  Frequent.  In  pools,  Freeman 
Heath ;  Dog  Mt.  (Faxon) ;  —  Beech  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  Sea 
Wall;  Sunken  Heath  (Rand) ;— Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 

Var.  plumulosum,  Schimp.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  15. 

Tufts  soft,  compact;  stems  short  and  branches  erect;  leaves 
short,  lanceolate-subulate,  very  narrow.  Pools,  Sunken  Heath 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  195 

(Faxon  &  Rand);  —  The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle;  Great 
Heath  (Rand). 

S.  Dusenii  (Jens.),  Russ.  &  Warnst.     S.  Mendocinum,  Warnst. 
in  Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  221,  not  of  S.  &  L.     Var.  parvifolinm, 

Warnst. 

Plants  soft  and  slender,  in  dense  tufts,  partly  immersed; 
stem  leaves  small,  about  0.54-0.60  mm.  long  and  as  broad  at 
base,  triangular-lingulate,  without  fibrils  or  somewhat  fibrillose 
toward  the  usually  rounded  and  slightly  fimbriate  apex ;  branch 
leaves  also  small,  about  1.14-1.37  mm.  long  and  0.54  mm.  broad, 
almost  always  falcate-secund,  narrowly  bordered;  outer  pores 
numerous,  often  passing  into  large  membrane-gaps  toward  the 
apex.  Warnst.,  Hedwigia,  xxxii.  (1893)  14.  In  pool,  Dog  Mt. 
(E.  Faxon). 

S.  molluscum,  Bruch.     S.  tenellum,  Ehrh.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N. 
A.,  20. 

Abundant,  Sunken  Heath  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  Great  Heath 
(E.  Faxon) ;  —  The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand).  The 
more  robust  forms  are  var.  robustum,  Warnst. 

§  3.       SQUARR03A. 

S.  squarrosum,  Pers.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N".  A.,  16. 

Frequent.  Near  Northwest  Cove  (Faxon) ;  — Seal  Harbor; 
woods,  Somes  Pond  (Rand). 

Var.  spectabile,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  224. 
Not  uncommon. 

Var.  semisquarrosum,  Russ.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  224. 

Southwest  Valley  road  (Rand) . 
S.  teres,  Angstr.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  16. 

Rare.     The  Barcelona  meadow  (E.  Faxon). 
Var.  imbricatum,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  224. 

Bog,  north  of  Beech  Hill  (Rand). 


196  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

§  4.       POLYCLADA. 

S.  Wulfianum,  Girgens.    L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  16.    Var.  viride, 
Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  225. 

Bare.     Cold  Brook;  Beech  Mt.  (Rand). 

§  5.     RIGIDA. 

S.  compactum,  DC.     S.  rigidum,  Schimp.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses 

N.  A.,  17. 
Frequent  in  its  three  varieties. 

Var.  squarrosum,  Kuss.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  226. 

Woods,  Lower  Breakneck  Pond  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  South- 
west Harbor;  Seal  Harbor;  Sargent  Mt.  (Rand);  —  Robinson 
Mt.  (Faxon). 

Var.  subsquarrosum,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  226. 

Sargent  Mt.  (Faxon) ;  —  Lower  Breakneck  Pond ;  Browns  Mt. ; 
Dog  Mt. ;  Southwest  Harbor;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

Var.  imbricatum,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  226. 
Sargent  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  Dog  Mt.  (Rand). 

S.  Garberi,  L.  &  J.     Mosses   N.  A.,  18.     Var.  squarrosnlum, 

Warnst. 

Tufts  pale  or  bluish-green,  low  or  even  20  cm.  high,  and 
then  quite  similar  in  habit  to  S.  compactum,  var.  squarrosu- 
lum  ;  branch  leaves  all  with  the  apical  half  squarrose-recurved. 
Warnst.,  Hedwigia,  xxxii.  (1893)  15.  Very  rare.  Sargent  Mt. 
(Rand).  The  specimens  are  forma  sphcerocephalum,  Warnst., 
which  is  extremely  robust,  with  the  comal  branches  gathered  into 
a  large  globular  head.  This  form  is  exceedingly  rare,  there  being 
only  one  other  known  station. 

Var.  subsquarrosum,  Warnst. 

Branch  leaves  generally  merely  curved  outward,  only  here  and 
there  squarrose.  Warnst.,  Hedwigia,  xxxii.  (1893)  15.  Rare. 
Beech  Mt.  (Rand  &  Faxon)  ;  —  Sargent  Mt.  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  J97 

§  6.       SUBSECUNDA. 

S.  Pylaesii,  Brid.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  23.     Var.  ramosum, 
Warnst.    Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  243. 

Frequent  in  very  wet  places,  from  the  sea  level  to  moun- 
tain summits.  Appearing  in  a  number  of  forms  distinguished 
merely  by  color,  black  (/.  nigricans,  Brid.),  green  (/.  virescens, 
Warnst.),  yellow  (/.  flava,  Warnst.),  and  red-brown  (/.  rufes- 
censj  Warnst.).  Green  Mt.  ;  Browns  Mt.  (E.  Faxon);  —  Sea 
Wall;  Sunken  Heath;  Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Faxon  &  Rand)  ;  — 
Breakneck  Ponds;  Pemetic  Mt.  (Rand). 

S.  subsecundum,  Nees.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  19. 

Meadow  on  Denning  Brook;  Town  Hill;  Sea  Wall  Swamp; 
Southwest  Valley  road  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  Bass  Harbor  Marsh 
(Eand). 

Var.  macrophyllum,  Roell. 

Stem  leaves  lingulate,  evenly  bordered,  1.14-1.45  mm.  long, 
nearly  two  thirds  as  broad,  the  upper  part  porose  and  fibrillose; 
hyaline  cells  often  partitioned  ;  branch  leaves  ovate,  1.71- 
1.90  mm.  long,  little  more  than  half  as  broad,  inner  pores  in 
the  cell  angles,  mostly  near  the  margins.  Southwest  Harbor  ; 
Upper  Breakneck  Pond  (Rand);  —  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Red- 
field). 

Var.  mesophyllum,  Warnst. 

Stem  leaves  lingulate,  evenly  bordered,  1-1.40  mm.  long,  two 
thirds  to  four  fifths  as  broad,  the  upper  part  porose  and  fibril- 
lose;  hyaline  cells  much  partitioned;  branch  leaves  ovate,  about 
as  long  and  broad  as  the  stem  leaves,  inner  surface  with  feebly 
ringed  pores  towards  the  apex.  Breakneck  Ponds ;  Beech  Mt. 
Notch;  woods,  Norwood  Cove;  Deer  Brook  (Rand). 

Var.  microphyllum,  Roell. 

Stem  leaves  small,  somewhat  triangular,  border  widened  to 
the  base,  about  0.57mm.  long,  and  the  same  in  greatest  breadth, 
usually  without  pores  or  fibrils ;  hyaline  cells  not  partitioned ; 
branch  leaves  lance-ovate,  about  0.80  mm.  long,  and  little  more 


198  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

than  half  as  broad,  loosely  somewhat  secund,  inner  surface  with- 
out pores.     Southwest  Harbor  (Band). 

S.  rufescens,  Bryol.  Germ.    Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  246.    S.  subsecundum, 
Nees,  var.  contortum,  Schimp.     L.  &.  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  19. 
In  water.    Upper  Breakneck  Pond  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  border 
of  Somes  Pond  (E.  Faxon). 

§  7.    CYMBIFOLIA. 

S.  imbricatuxn  (Hornsch.),  Euss.  Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  249.  S.  Austini, 
Sulliv.  L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  21.  Var.  sublaeve,  Warnst. 
Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  250. 

Woods,  The  Barcelona  meadow  (Kand) ;  —  Gilmore  Meadow  ; 
Little  Harbor  Brook  (Redfield). 

Var.  cristatum,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  250. 

Sea  Wall  Swamp  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  Breakneck  Ponds  ;  bogs, 
southwest  of  Sea  Wall,  and  north  of  Beech  Hill  (Rand). 

Var.  affine  (Ren.  &  Card.),  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  250. 

Swamp  on  Meadow  Brook,  Somesville ;  Clark  Cove ;  The  Bar- 
celona meadow  (E.  Faxon);  —  bog  north  of  Beech  Hill;  Sutton 
Island;  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  Deer  Brook  (Rand). 

S.  cymbifolium,  Ehrh.     L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  21. 

Canada  Valley ;  bogs,  southwest  of  Sea  Wall ;  Southwest  Har- 
bor; Sutton  Island,  and  elsewhere  (Rand). 

Var.  glaucescens,  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  251. 
Cold  Brook  (Rand). 

S.  papillosum,  Lindb.  L.  &  J.,  Mosses  N.  A.,  21.  S.  cymbi- 
folium,  Ehrh.,  var.  papillosum  (Lindb.),  Schimp.  Bot.  Gaz., 
xv.  251.  Var.  normale,  Warnst. 

Hadlock  Upper  Pond  ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand) ;  — 
Sunken  Heath  (E.  Faxon). 

S.  medium,  Limpr.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  252. 

Common.  Beech  Hill  road  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  bogs  south- 
west of  Sea  Wall,  and  north  of  Beech  Hill  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  199 

Var.   purpurascens,  Russ.     S.  medium,  var.  Iceve,  f.  purpuras- 

cens  (Russ.),  Warnst.     Bot.  Gaz.,  xv.  253. 
Somes  Pond  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  Aunt  Bettys  Pond ;    bogs  south- 
west of  Sea  Wall ;  Red  Rocks,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand)  j  — 
Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 

Var.  pallescens,  Warnst. 

Color  very  pale  yellowish-green.  Bog  on  Prettymarsh  road, 
west  of  Soinesville  (Rand). 

ORDER  II.     ANDRE^EACE^E.     SCHIZOCARPOUS  MOSSES. 

ANDRE-EA,   Ehrh. 
A.  petrophila,  Ehrh. 

Frequent  on  wet  rocks  on  the  mountains.  Sargent  Mt. 
(Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  Green  Mt.  (D.  C.  Eaton) ;  —  Beech  Mt. 
(Rand);  —  Robinson  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 

A.  crassinervis,  Bruch. 

On  wet  rocks,  summit  of  Sargent  Mt.  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  Beech 
Mt.;  Beech  Cliff  (Faxon  &  Rand).' 

ORDER  III.     BRYACE^.     TRUE  MOSSES. 

List  prepared  by  Edward  L.  Rand,  under  the  supervision  of 
Elizabeth  G.  Britton.  Plants  collected  mainly  by  Walter  L. 
Burrage,  John  H.  Redfield,  Edward  L.  Rand,  Edwin  Faxon, 
and  Theodore  G.  White,  determinations  by  Elizabeth  G.  Brit- 
ton  and  Dr.  Charles  R.  Barnes. 

In  view  of  the  great  importance  of  following  the  arrangement 
and  nomenclature  adopted  in  some  standard  work  of  ready  ref- 
erence, and  in  view  also  of  the  great  disagreement  on  these  very 
matters  of  arrangement  and  nomenclature  among  the  authorities, 
it  has  seemed  wise  to  follow  Lesquereux  and  James's  "  Mosses 
of  North  America  "  in  the  preparation  of  this  list.  Synonyms, 
however,  have  been  given  where  they  seemed  of  real  value; 
some  necessary  descriptions  have  been  added;  and  a  few  cor- 
rections made  where  they  were  of  real,  not  merely  of  verbal 
importance. 


200  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

SECTION  I.     ACROCARPI. 

Tribe  WEISIEJE. 
CYNODONTIUM,  Schimp. 

C.    polycarpum    (Ehrh.),    Schimp.      Oncophorus   polycarpus 

(Ehrh.),  Brid. 

On  decayed  wood.  Wood  road  to  Great  Pond,  Southwest  Har- 
bor (Rand). 

C.  virens  (Swz.),  Schimp.,  var.  Wahlenbergii  (Brid.),  Schimp. 

Oncophorus  Wahlenbergii,  Brid. 
On  decayed  wood.     Upper  Breakneck  Pond  (Rand). 

TREMATODON,   MX. 
T.  ambiguum  (Hedw.),  Hornsch. 

On  the  ground.  Green  Mt.  (D.  C.  Eaton)  ;  —  moist  woods, 
north  of  Long  Pond  (Theodore  G.  White). 

DICRANELLA,  Schimp. 

D.  squarrosa  (Starke),  Schimp. 

In  dense  mats  on  sandy  shore,  Jordan  Pond ;  submersed  (Rand). 
As  the  specimens  found  are  all  sterile,  some  doubt  has  arisen 
as  to  their  identity.  They  are  almost  identical  with  specimens 
collected  by  E.  Faxon  at  Ammonoosuc  Lake,  Crawfords,  N.  H., 
June  14,  1883,  and  very  similar  to  specimens  collected  by  Oakes 
at  the  White  Mts.,  N.  H.  (Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  Musci  Bor.  Am., 
No.  245).  The  latter  specimens  were  distributed  as  "  Meesia 
longiseta,  Hedw.  var.  ?"  Faxon's  specimens,  however,  are 
Dicranella  squarrosa,  and  so  with  very  little  doubt  are  the 
Mt.  Desert  specimens.  The  true  identity  of  Oakes's  specimens 
is  still  in  doubt.  Especial  thanks  are  due  Dr.  C.  R.  Barnes 
and  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton  for  the  solution  of  these  puzzling  ques- 
tions of  identification. 

D.  heteromalla  (L.),  Schimp. 

On  the  ground  ;  common  (Rand).  Also  Great  Cranberry  Isle 
(Theodore  G.  White). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  201 

DICRANUM,  Hedw. 

D.  Blyttii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     D.  Schisti  (Gunn.),  Lindb. 
Falls,  Sargent  Mt.  Gorge  (Theodore  G.  White). 

D.  montanum,  Hedw. 

On  decaying  trees.  Woods,  Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (Walter  L. 
Burrage) ;  —  near  Eipples  Pond;  Beech  Mt. ;  Oak  Hill  (Eand). 

D.  viride  (Sull.  &  Lesq.),  Lindb. 

On  decaying  trees;  sterile.  Near  Aunt  Bettys  Pond;  Cold 
Brook;  Seal  Harbor  (Eand); — on  ledges,  Seal  Harbor  (Theo- 
dore G.  White). 

D.  flagellare,  Hedw. 

On  decaying  tree  trunks;    common  (W.  L.  Burrage,  Eand, 

E.  Faxon,  T.  G.  White). 

D.  fulvum,  Hook. 

On  granitic  rocks,  West  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook;  South- 
west Valley  road  (Eand).  On  ground,  woods,  head  of  The  Bar- 
celona meadow  (Eand) ;  —  also  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

D.  longifolium,  Ehrh. 

Dry  woods,  behind  schoolhouse,  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G. 
White). 

D.  fuscescens,  Turn. 

On  decaying  tree  trunks ;  common  (Eand,  Theodore  G.  White). 
Yar.  longirostre,  Schimp. 

Woods  on  Sargent  Mt.  (Walter  L.  Burrage). 

D.  congestum,  Brid.     D.  fuscescens,  Lesq.  &  J.,  in  part. 

On  decayed  wood.  Northern  foot  of  Beech  Mt. ;  Upper  Break- 
neck Pond;  Jordan  Pond  trail,  Northeast  Harbor  (Eand). 

D.  scoparium  (L.),  Hedw. 

On  ground,  rocks,  etc. ;  common  (Walter  L.  Burrage,  Eand, 
Theodore  G.  White) ;  —  also  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Theodore 
G.  White). 


202  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  squarrosum,  Lesq.  &  J. 

Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 
Var.  paludosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 
Var.  pallidum,  C.  Mueller. 

Jordan  Pond  trail,  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

Var.  rupestre,  Austin. 

Leaves  short,  curled  and  twisted  when  dry;  plants  small  and 
usually  sterile.  Musci  App.,  No.  90  (1870).  S.  &  L.,  Musci 
Bor.  Am.,  ed.  2,  No.  76  (1865).  On  rocks  in  woods.  Break- 
neck Ponds  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G. 
White). 

Var.  recurvatum  (Schultz),  Brid. 

Plants  tall  and  slender,  usually  sterile,  bright  yellow ;  leaves 
uncinate,  recurved,  narrow  and  plumose  at  tip;  distant,  not 
crowded  on  the  stems.  Prettymarsh  Harbor  (Theodore  G. 
White). 

D.  majus,  Smith. 

Damp  ground.  Cold  Brook;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand)  ;  — 
Sutton  Island  (Theodore  G.  White). 

D.  palustre,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     D.  JBonjeani,  DeNot. 

Moist  ground.  Sargent  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  Western 
Mt.;  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  woods,  Norwood  Cove;  wood  road  to 
Great  Pond,  Southwest  Harbor;  Seal  Harbor  (Rand)  ;  —  Pretty- 
marsh;  The  Cleft;  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

D.  Schraderi,  Web.  &  Mohr.     D.  Beryeri,  Bland. 

Moist  ground  in  woods  and  on  the  mountains.  Browns  Mt. 
(Faxon  &  Rand); — Dog  Mt.  (E.  Faxon);  —  Norwood  Cove; 
Intervale  Brook;  Beech  Cliff;  near  Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Rand). 

D.  spurinm,  Hedw. 

Dry  ground.  Browns  Mt.  (Redfield,  Faxon  &  Rand);  — 
Browns  Mt.  Notch;  Seal  Harbor;  West  Branch  of  Hadlock 
Brook  (Rand);— Barr  Hill  (Theodore  G.  White). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  203 

D.  brachycaulon,  Kindb. 

Allied  to  D.  spurium,  but  differing  in  the  short  stem  only 
1  cm.  high,  the  leaves  smaller  and  shorter,  oblong-ovate,  acute, 
not  acuminate,  entire,  not  papillose  at  back,  costa  elevate,  per- 
current  and  smooth,  alar  cells  brown,  capsule  small,  pedicel 
1  cm.  long.  Peculiar  in  its  short  leaves  and  its  elevate  costa. 
Kindberg  in  Macoun,  Cat.  Canadian  Plants,  part  vi.  34. 
Not  uncommon  in  dry  places  on  the  hills  and  mountains. 
High  Head  (Faxon  &  Eand);— Dog  Mt. ;  Eobinson  Mt.  (E. 
Faxon) ;  —  Sargent  Mt. ;  Jordan  Mt.  (Eand). 

D.  Drummondi,  C.  Mueller. 

On  ground,  mostly  in  woods;  frequent.  Browns  Mt.  (E. 
Faxon); — Western  Mt.;  Norwood  Cove;  Upper  Breakneck 
Pond  (Eand) ;  —  between  Hadlock  farm  and  Frenchman  Camp 
(Eedfield);  —  Seal  Harbor;  High  Head  (Theodore  G.  White). 

D.  undulatum,  Ehrh. 

On  ground  in  woods;  very  common  (A.  B.  Eaton,  Burrage, 
Eand,  Faxon,  Eedfield,  White).  An  unusual  form,  with  five 
pedicels  in  a  cluster,  Beech  Cliff  (Theodore  G.  White). 

FISSIDENS,  Hedw. 

F.  adiantoides  (L.),  Hedw. 

On  wet  rocks.     Western  Mt.;  Southwest  Valley  road  (Eand). 

LEUCOBRYUM,  Hampe. 

L.  vulgare,  Hampe.     L.  glaucum  (L.),  Schimp. 

On  ground,  woods  and  hills;  common  (Eand,  Eedfield,  White). 
L.  minus,  Sulliv.  L.  albidum  (Brid.),  Lindb. 

On  ground.     Great  Cranberry  Isle;    Seal  Harbor  (Theodore 

G.  White). 

CERATODON,  Brid. 

C.  purpureus  (L.),  Brid. 

On  rocks  and  ground  ;  common  (Burrage,  Faxon,  Eand, 
White).  Also  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Theodore  G.  White). 


204  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

C.  conicus  (Hampe),  Lindb. 

"  Differs  from  C.  purpureus  in  the  long  excurrent  costa,  the 
capsule  erect  and  symmetric,  faintly  sulcate,  the  lid  shorter, 
the  teeth  pale,  red  at  base,  with  fewer  articulations."  Kind- 
berg  in  Macoun,  Cat.  Canadian  Plants,  part  vi.  39.*  On  rocks. 
Browns  Mt.  (Walter  L.  Burrage,  Faxon  &  Rand). 

Tribe  FOTTIE^E. 
LEPTOTRICHUM,  Hampe.     (Ditrichum,  Timm.) 

L.  pallidum  (Schreb.),  Hampe.    D.pallidum  (Schreb.), Hampe. 
A  depauperate  form  on  ground,  Long  Pond,  Eden  (Rand). 

BARBULA,  Hedw. 

B.  tortuosa  (L.),  Web.  &  Mohr. 

On  ground.    West  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook  (Rand). 

Tribe  GRIMMIEJE. 

GRIMMIA,  Ehrh. 
G.  conferta,  Funck. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

G.  apocarpa   (L.),   Hedw.,  var.   gracilis    (Schleich.),  Web.  & 

Mohr. 
On  rocks.     East  Point,  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

RACOMITRIUM,  Brid. 

R.  aciculare  (L.),  Brid. 

Wet  rocks,  in  brooks,  etc.  Little  Harbor  Brook  (Redfield, 
Rand)  ;  —  Intervale  Brook  (Rand). 

R.  heterostichum  (Hedw.),  Brid. 

On  rocks.    Beech  Cliff  (Rand) ;  — -  Dog  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 

*  See  also  Braithw.,  British  Moss  Flora,  175. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  205 

R.  fasciculare  (Schrad.),  Brid. 

On  rocks.  Browns  Mt. ;  Sargent  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Band) ;  — 
The  Cleft  (Theodore  G.  White). 

R.  microcarpum,  Brid. 

On  rocks.  Browns  Mt.;  Beech  Mt.;  north  of  Beech  Hill 
(Kand) ;  —  Kobinson  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 

R.  lanuginosum,  Brid.     R.  hypnoides  (L.),  Lindb. 

On  rocks,  mountain  summits.  Sargent  Mt.  (E.  Faxon) ;  — 
Green  Mt.  (D.  C.  Eaton) ;  —  Pemetic  Mt.  (Eand). 

HEDWIGIA,  Ehrh. 
H.  ciliata,  Ehrh. 

On  rocks;  common.  Sargent  Mt.,  and  elsewhere  (Faxon  & 
Eand) ;  —  Beech  Hill ;  Somesville,  and  elsewhere  (Band) ;  — 
Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

Var.  viridis,  Schimp. 

Browns  Mt.  (Kedfield) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

Tribe  ORTHOTRICHEJE. 

AMPHORIDIUM,    Schimp. 
A.  Lapponicum  (Hedw.),  Schimp. 

On  wet  rocks.     Canada  Cliff  (E.  Faxon). 
A.  Mougeotii  (Benth.),  Schimp. 

On  rocks.     Green  Mt.  Gorge  (D.  C.  Eaton). 

ULOTA,  Mohr.     (Weissia,  Ehrh.*) 

U.  Ludwigii,  Brid.      Weissia  coarctata  (Beauv.),  Lindb. 

On  trees;  common  (Burrage,  Faxon,  Kand,  Eedfield,  White). 
d.  crispa,  Brid.  Weissia  ulophylla,  Ehrh. 

On  trees;  common  (Burrage,  Eand,  Eedfield).  On  rocks. 
Balance  Eock,  Seal  Harbor;  north  of  Beech  Hill  (Eand). 

*  See  Elizabeth  G.  Britton,  N.  A.  Species  of  Weissia,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot 
Club,  xxi.  66. 


206  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

U.  crispula,  Brid.      Weissia  crispula,  Lindb. 
On  trees.     Sargent  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Rand). 

U.  phyllantha,  Brid.      Weissia  phyllantha  (Brid.),  Lindb. 
On  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

U.  Hutchinsias  (Smith),  Hammar.    Weissia  Americana  (Beauv.), 
Lindb. 

On  rocks;  common  (Redfield,  Band,  White). 

ORTHOTRICHUM,  Hedw. 

0.  fallax,  Schimp.     O.  Schimperi,  Hammar. 
On  willow  trees.     Somesville  (Rand). 

Tribe  TETRAFHIDR2E. 
TETRAPEIS,  Hedw.     (Georgia,  Ehrh.) 
T.  pellucida  (L.),  Hedw.     Georgia  pellucida  (L.),  Ehrh. 
On  decaying  wood ;  common  (Burrage,  Rand,  White). 

Tribe  SPLACHNE^. 

SPLACHNUM,  L. 
S.  ampullaceum,  L. 

On  cow  dung.  Bog  hole  on  wood  road  to  Aunt  Bettys  Pond, 
Youngs  District  (Hand,  Faxon).  On  rotten  wood.  Woods 
north  of  Long  Pond  (Theodore  G.  White). 

Tribe  PHYSCOMITRIE2E. 

FUNARIA,  Schreb. 
P.  hygrometrica  (L.),  Sibth. 

On  ground;  common,  especially  on  burnt  soil  (Rand,  White). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  207 

Tribe  BARTRAMIBJB. 
BARTRAMIA,  Hedw. 

B.  pomiformis  (L.),  Hedw. 

Rocks  and  shady  banks.  Sargent  Mt.  Gorge  (Walter  L. 
Burrage); —  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  High  Head;  Western  Mt. 
(Rand); —  Triad  Pass  (Theodore  G.  White). 

Var.  crispa  (Swz.),  Schimp. 

Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Rand)  ;  —  between  Hadlock  farm  and 
Frenchman  Camp  (Redfield). 

PHILONOTIS,  Brid. 

P.  Muhlenbergii,  Brid. 

Wet  places.  Sargent  Mt. ;  Browns  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  — 
Beech  Hill  (Rand). 

P.  fontana  (L.),  Brid. 

Wet  places  and  moist  rocks;  common  (Rand,  Faxon,  White). 

Tribe  BRYRffi. 

LEPTOBRYUM,  Schimp. 
L.  pyriforme  (L.),  Wils. 

Ox  Hill,  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

"WEBER A,  Hedw.     (Pohlia,  Hedw.) 
W.  nutans  (Schreb.),  Hedw.    Pohlia  nutans  (Schreb.),  Lindb. 

On  ground,  and  rock  hollows  on  mountains ;  common  (Faxon, 
Rand,  White). 

BRYUM,  L. 
B.  bimum,  Schreb. 

Moist  places.  Somesville  (Redfield,  Rand) ;  —  shore  of  North- 
west Arm,  Great  Pond  (Rand). 


208  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

B.  csespiticium,  L. 

On  ground.  Long  Pond,  Eden;  High  Head  (Rand);  —  Seal 
Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

B.  capillare,  L. 

In  rich  soil.     Triad  Pass;  banks  of  Somes  Stream  (Rand). 

B.    pseudotriquetrum    (Hedw.),    Schwaegr.      B.    ventricosum, 
Dicks. 
Shores.    Ripples  Pond;  Northwest  Arm,  Great  Pond  (Rand). 

MNIUM,  L.     (Astrophyllum,  Neck.) 

M.  cuspi datum,  Hedw.     Astrophyllum  sylvaticum,  Lindb. 
On  ground,  shady  places ;  common  (Rand,  White) . 

M.  rostratum,  Schwaegr.     Astrophyllum  rostratum  (Schrad.), 
Lindb. 

Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 
M.  affine,  Bland.     Astrophyllum  cuspidatum  (L.),  Lindb. 

In  moist  ground,  shady  places  by  watercourses,  etc;  common 
(Burrage,  Rand). 

M.  hornum,  L.     Astrophyllum  hornum  (L.),  Lindb. 

Moist,  shady  woods.  Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  —  Otter  Cliffs ; 
High  Head;  Norwood  Cove;  head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow ; 
Somesville  (Rand) ;  —  Barr  Hill ;  Great  Cranberry  Isle;  Sutton 
Island  (Theodore  G.  White). 

M.  cinclidioides  (Blytt),  Hueben.     Astrophyllum  cinclidioides 
(Blytt),  Lindb. 

Woods,  Beech  Hill  road,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 

M.  punctatum  (L.),  Hedw.      Astrophyllum  punctatum   (L.), 
Lindb. 

Moist  woods  and  wet  places  ;  common  (Rand,  Redfield, 
White).  A  small  form,  Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  209 

AULACOMNIUM,  Schwaegr.     (Sphcerocephalus,  Neck.) 

A.  palustre  (L.),   Schwaegr.     Splicerocephalus  palustris  (L.), 

Lindb. 
Marshy  places ;  common  (Burrage,  Eand,  White). 

Var.  polycephalum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Frequent.  Near  Northwest  Cove  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  Beech  Hill ; 
near  Eipples  Pond,  and  elsewhere  (Eand); —  near  Long  Pond 
(Theodore  G.  White). 

Tribe  POLYTRICHE-ffi. 
ATRICHUM,  Beauv.     (Catharinea,  Ehrh.) 

A.  undulatum  (L.),  Beauv.     Catharinea  undulata  (L.),  Web. 

&  Mohr. 

In  damp  ground.  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  brookside,  Southwest 
Valley  road  ;  Stanley  Brook  ;  Somesville  (Rand)  ;  —  Great 
Cranberry  Isle  (Theodore  G.  White). 

A.  angustatum,   Bruch    &    Schimp.       Catharinea   angustata, 
Brid. 

On  ground.  Beech  Mt.  Notch;  High  Head;  Seal  Harbor; 
Southwest  Valley  road  (Eand). 

POGONATUM,  Beauv. 

P.  brevicaule,  Beauv.     P.  tenue  (Menz.),  E.  G.  Britton. 

On  clay  banks.  Wood  road  to  Great  Pond,  Southwest  Har- 
bor; Beech  Cliff  road,  Somesville  (Eand); — Southwest  Harbor 
(M.  L.  Fernald). 

P.  alpinum  (L.),  Eoehl. 

On  rocks.  Browns  Mt.  (Walter  L.  Burrage) ;  —  Ovens  ; 
Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Eand) ;  —  slope  of  Green  Mt.  (D.  C. 
Eaton)  ;  —  Triad  Pass  (Theodore  G.  White). 

14 


210  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

POLYTRICHUM,  L. 

P.  Ohioense,  Ken.  &  Card.     P.  formosum,  Lesq.  &  J.,  Mosses 
N.  A.,  264  in  part. 

Stem  erect,  simple  or  bipartite,  3-6  cm.  long,  a  little  tomen- 
tose  below;  leaves  spreading  when  moist,  erect-flexuous  when 
dry,  from  a  sheathing  base,  linear-acuminate,  cuspidate,  serrate ; 
lamellse  about  50,  each  in  section  of  a  row  of  5-7  cells,  the  mar- 
ginal one  much  larger,  transversely  dilated,  about  twice  broader 
than  high,  very  slightly  convex,  often  almost  plane;  perichaetial 
leaves  longer,  with  a  longer  hyaline  base.  Pedicel  4-8  cm.  long, 
reddish  below,  pale  above  ;  capsule  erect,  finally  horizontal, 
tetragonal  or  pentagonal,  rarely  hexagonal,  acute-angled,  rather 
narrowed  toward  the  base,  with  a  very  small  or  indistinct  hy- 
pophysis; length  5-7 mm.,  diameter  2-2 £  mm.;  lid  conic-acu- 
minate, red  at  margin.  Distinguished  from  P.  formosum  by  the 
form  of  the  capsule,  more  or  less  narrowed  toward  the  base,  and 
with  an  indistinct  hypophysis ;  and  further  chiefly  by  the  form 
of  the  marginal  cells  of  the  lamellae.  Ken.  &  Card.,  Kev.  Bryol. 
(1885),  11.  Bot.  Gaz.,  xiii.  199.  Macoun,  Cat.  Canadian  Plants, 
part  vi.  153.  On  ground.  Woods,  Hadlock  Valley  (Kedfield). 

P.  piliferum,  Schreb. 

Dry  grounds,  and  in  rock  hollows.  Sargent  Mt. ;  Browns 
Mt.  (Walter  L.  Burrage) ;  —  Flying  Mt.  (K.  &  K.) ;  — -  Newport 
Mt.  (Theodore  G.  White). 

P.  juniperinum,  Willd. 

Dry,  open  ground.  Dog  Mt. ;  Browns  Mt. ;  Asticou  Hill 
(Walter  L.  Burrage) ;  —  Otter  Creek  quarries  (Theodore  G. 
White). 

P.  alpinum,  L.     P.  juniperinum,  Willd.,  var.  alpinum  (L.), 
Schimp. 

Barr  Hill,  and  elsewhere  (Theodore  G.  White). 
P.  strictnm,  Banks. 

Dry  ground.  Browns  Mt.  (Kand) ;  —  Southwest  Harbor  (A. 
B.  Eaton) ;  —  Salisbury  Cove  (Walter  L.  Burrage)  ;  —  Long 
Pond  (Theodore  G.  White). 


CATALOGUE  OE  PLANTS.  211 

P.  commune,  L. 

Dry  or  moist  ground,  woods  and  open  places ;   very  common 
(Burrage,  Kand,  White). 

Tribe  BUXBAUMIEJE. 
DIPHYSCIUM,  Mohr.     (Webera,  Ehrh.) 

D.  foliosum  (Web.),  Mohr.     Webera  sessilis  (Schmid.),  Lindb. 
On  clay  bank,  shore  south  of  Aunt  Mollys  Beach  (Kand). 

SECTION  II.    PLEUROCARPI. 
Tribe  FONTINALEJE. 

FONTINALIS,  L. 
P.  antipyretica,  L.,  var.  gigantea,  Sulliv. 

Frequent  on  stones  in  brooks.     Cold  Brook;    brook,    Clark 
Valley,  and  elsewhere  (Kand) ;— Bubble  Pond  (Kedfield). 

P.  Dalecarlica,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

On  stones  in  brooks;  common  (Burrage,  Kand).    Also  in  still 
water  on  the  shore  of  Great  Pond  (Kand). 

P.  Novae-Angliae,  Sulliv. 

Kivulet  flowing  into   Denning  Pond  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  Somes 
Stream  (Kand) ;  — Hunters  Brook  (Theodore  G.  White). 

P.  Lescurii,  Sulliv. 

Doctors  Brook  (Kedfield). 
P.  Sullivantii,  Lindb. 

In  swift  and  still  water.     Long  Pond,  Eden  (E.  Faxon)  ;  — 
runlet  near  head  of  Denning  Pond  (Kand). 

DICHELYMA,  Myrin. 
D.  pallescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

On  twigs  in  wet  hole  in  woods,  head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow 
(Kand). 


212  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Tribe  NECKEREJE. 

NECKERA,  Hedw. 
N.  pennata  (L.),  Hedw. 

On  trees ;  frequent.  Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield) ;  —  Canada  Val- 
ley; Upper  Breakneck  Pond,  etc.  (Rand);  —  slopes  of  Green 
Mt.  (D.  C.  Eaton);  — Southwest  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald);  — 
Barr  Hill  (Theodore  G.  White). 

Tribe  LEUCODONTRZE. 

LEUCODON,  Schwaegr. 
L.  sciuroides  (L.),  Schwaegr. 

On  willow  trees,  Somesville  (Hand). 

Tribe  LESKEE^l. 
MYURELLA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

M.  julacea  (Vill.),  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
On  ground.    Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 

LESKEA,  Hedw. 
I.  tristis,  Cesati. 

On  trees.     Deer  Brook,  near  Jordan  Pond  (Rand). 

Tribe  ORTHOTHECIEJJE. 
PLATYGYRIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     (Entodon,  C.  Mueller.) 

P.  repens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     E.  palatinus  (Neck.),  Lindb. 
On  willow  trees,  Somesville  (Rand). 

PYLAISIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

P.  polyantha  (Schreb.),  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
On  old  plank,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  213 

P.  velutina,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

On  trees.     Canada  Valley;  West  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook; 
Deer  Brook  j  Intervale  Brook  (Rand). 

CLIMACIUM,  Web.  &  Mohr. 

C.  dendroides  (L.),  Web.  &  Mohr. 

On  ground.    Woods,  head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow;   Clark 
Valley  (Kand). 

C.  Americanum,  Brid. 
On  ground.     Moist  thicket,  Somes  Stream  (Band). 

Tribe  HYPNE-SJ. 

HYPNUM,  L. 
SUBGENUS  THUIDIUM. 
H.  recognitum,  Hedw. 

On  ground,  rocks,  etc. ;  common  (Walter  L.  Burrage,  Band). 
H.  delicatuluxn,  L. 

On  ground,  rocks,  etc.     Western  Mt. ;  Cold  Brook  (Band)  ;  — 
Triad  Pass  (Theodore  G-.  White). 

SUBGENUS  BRACHYTHECIUM. 

H.  Isetum,  Brid. 

On  trees.     West  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook  (Band). 
H.  salebrosum,  Hoffm.     H.  plumosum,  Huds. 

On  trees.     Boadside  near  Bipples  Pond;  near  Seal  Harbor 
reservoir;  Clark  Valley  (Band). 

Var.  palustre,  Lesq.  &  J. 

Wet  ground.     Woods,  head  of  The  Barcelona  meadow;  junc- 
tion of  Prettymarsh  and  Seal  Cove  roads  (Band) . 

H.  velutinum,  L. 

On  ground.     Dry  woods,  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 


214  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

H,  rutabulum,  L. 

On  rocks  or  stumps.  North  of  Beech  Mt. ;  Northwest  Arm 
woods  (Rand);  — on  Jordan  Stream  (Theodore  G.  White). 

H.  campestre,  Bruch. 

On  ground,  rocks,  and  logs.  Near  head  of  Denning  Pond; 
Southwest  Harbor;  Intervale  Brook;  woods,  Upper  Breakneck 
Pond;  Western  Mt.  (Kand). 

H.  Novae-AnglisB,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 

On  ground.  Asticou  Hill ;  Baker  Island  (Theodore  G.  White) ; 
—  Seal  Harbor;  Cold  Brook  (Eand). 

H.  plumosum,  Swz.     H.  pseudoplumosum,  Brid. 

On  rocks.  Road  to  Beech  Hill,  Somesville  (Rand) ;  —  New- 
port Mt.  (Theodore  G.  White). 

SUBGENUS  EURHYNCHIUM. 
H.  strigosnm,  Hoffm. 

Bog  hole,  Prettymarsh  road  west  of  Ripples  Pond  (E.  Faxon). 
H.  Sullivantii,  Spruce. 

On  ground.     Woods  at  Salisbury  Cove  (Walter  L.  Burrage). 

SUBGENUS   RAPHIDOSTEGIUM. 
H.  recurvans  (Mx.),  Schwaegr. 

On  tree  roots  and  old  logs.     Foot  of  Western  Mt. ;  Salisbury 
Cove  (Walter  L.  Burrage) ;  —  woods,   Norwood  Cove  ;  Upper 
Breakneck  Pond  (Rand). 
H.  cylindricarpum,  C.  Mueller. 

On  trees.     Browns  Mt.  (R.  &  R.). 
H.  Jamesii,  Lesq.  &  J. 

On  ground.     Triad  Pass  (Theodore  G.  White). 

SUBGENUS  RHYNCHOSTEGIUM. 
H.  deplanatum,  Schimp. 

On  decaying  wood.  Jordan  Pond  trail  from  Northeast  Har- 
bor (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  215 

H.  serrulatum,  Hedw. 

On  wet  rocks.  Western  Mt.  On  wet  ground.  Near  Kipples 
Pond  (Rand). 

H.  rusciforme,  Weis. 

Wet  rocks.  East  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook  (Walter  L.  Bur- 
rage)  ;  —  Browns  Mt.  (Eedfield) ;  —  Sargent  Mt. ;  West  Branch 
of  Hadlock  Brook  (Rand). 

SUBGENUS  PLAGIOTHECIUM. 
H.  micans,  Swz. 

On  decaying  wood.     Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 
H.  turfaceum,  Lindb. 

On  ground  and  old  logs  in  woods ;  common  (Redfield,  Rand, 
White). 

H.  elegans,  Hook. 

Crevices  of  rocks.  Dog  Mt.  (Rand);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Theo- 
dore G.  White). 

H.  denticulatum,  L. 

On  decaying  tree  trunks.  Browns  Mt.  Notch;  Norwood  Cove 
(Rand) ;  —  Browns  Mt.  (Redfield) ;  —  woods  north  of  Long 
Pond  (Theodore  G.  White).  On  rocks.  Northern  foot  of  Beech 
Mt.  (Rand). 

H.  Muhlenbeckii,  Spruce.     H.  striutellumj  Brid. 
On  rocks ;  frequent  (Rand). 

SUBGENUS  AMBLYSTEGIUM. 

H.  serpens,  L. 

On  decaying  wood.     Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 

H.  orthocladon,  Beauv. 

On  old  trees.     Woods,  Intervale  Brook  (Rand). 
H.  Lescurii,  Sulliv. 

On  wet  rocks.     Intervale  Brook,  near  bridge  (Rand). 


216  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

H.  riparium,  L. 

On  decaying  wood,  Stanley  Brook  (Rand) ;  —  immersed  among 
Fontinalis  Dalecarlica,  shore  of  Northwest  Arm,  Great  Pond 
(Hand). 

Var.  flaccidum,  Lesq.  &  J. 

Deep  woods,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 

SUBGENUS  CAMPYLIUM. 

H.  hispidulum,  Brid. 

On  wet  rocks.     Western  Mt.  (Eand). 

H.  chrysophyllum,  Brid. 

On  tree  roots  in  moist  ground.  Long  Pond  (Theodore  G. 
White);  —  meadow  on  Sunken  Heath  Brook  (Rand). 

Var.  rupestre,  Aust. 

Plants  large,  in  dense  cushions;  stems  usually  long,  branch- 
ing; generally  sterile.  Austin,  Musci  App.,  No.  396  (1870).  On 
rocks  in  brooks.  Sargent  Mt.  Gorge  (Walter  L.  Burrage). 

Var.  caespitosum,  Aust. 

Plants  slender,  densely  csespitose.  Austin,  Musci  App.,  No.  395 
(1870).  About  tree  roots.  Seal  Harbor  (Theodore  G.  White). 

H.  polygamum,  Wils. 

In  wet  ground.     Somesville  (Rand). 

SUBGENUS  HARPIDIUM. 

H.  aduncum,  Hedw. 

In  wet  ground.     Sea  Wall ;  Beech  Cliff;  Somes  Pond  (Rand). 

H.  uncinatum,  Hedw.     H.  aduncum,  L. 

On  ground,  rocks,  and  decaying  wood;  very  common.  (Bur- 
rage,  Rand,  Redfield.) 

Var.  gracilescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

On  ground  in  woods,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  217 

H.  fluitans,  L. 

In  ditches,  bog  holes,  and  wet  places.  Near  Spruce  Point, 
Eden  (E.  Faxon);— Sea  Wall  (Redfield) ;  — Ripples  Pond; 
Pemetic  Mt.;  Jordan  Mt.;  Browns  Mt.,  a  very  slender  form 
(Band). 

SUBGENUS   CTENIUM. 

H.  Crista-castrensis,  L. 

On  ground  and  old  logs;  frequent.  Upper  Hadlock  Pond 
(Walter  L.  Burrage) ;  —  Sargent  Mt.  (Faxon  &  Rand) ;  —  High 
Head  (H.  S.  Rand); — Southwest  Valley  road,  etc.  (Rand);  — 
between  Hadlock  farm  and  Frenchman  Camp  (Redfield); — 
Great  Head  (Theodore  G.  White). 

SUBGENUS  HYPNUM,   PROPER. 

H.  reptile,  MX. 

On  ground  or  on  trees.  South  end  of  Great  Pond;  Cold 
Brook;  Southwest  Valley  road;  Western  Mt. ;  Beech  Mt.; 
Northwest  Arm  woods;  Intervale  Brook  (Rand). 

H.  fertile,  Sendt. 

On  moist  rocks,  old  logs,  etc.  Browns  Mt.  Notch ;  Intervale 
Brook  (Rand);  —  woods,  north  of  Long  Pond  (Theodore  G. 
White). 

H.  imponens,  Hedw. 

On  ground,  old  logs,  etc.  Canada  Valley;  Norwood  Cove; 
Northwest  Arm  woods ;  Intervale  Brook  (Rand) ;  —  The  Cleft 
(Theodore  G.  White). 

H.  cupressiforme,  L. 

On  rocks,  old  trees,  etc.;  common  and  variable.  Hadlock 
Upper  Pond  (Walter  L.  Burrage) ;  —  south  end  of  Great  Pond, 
and  elsewhere  (Rand);  —  Seal  Harbor;  Sutton  Island  (Theodore 
G.  White). 

Var.  filiforme,  Brid. 

On  Jordan  Stream  (Theodore  G.  White). 


218  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

Var.  ericetomm,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Northwest  Arm  woods  (Rand). 

Var.  resupinatum  (Wils.),  Schimp. 

Csespitose,  pale  green  ;  leaves  falcate  or  curved,  yellow  at 
angles;  capsule  suberect  or  incurved,  lid  rostrate.  On  Jordan 
Stream  (Theodore  G.  White);  —  woods,  Intervale  Brook  (Rand). 

H.  curvifolium,  Hedw. 

Wet  rocks  and  old  logs.  Waterfall,  East  Branch  of  Hadlock 
Brook  (Theodore  G.  White); — Somes  Pond;  Intervale  Brook 
(Rand). 

H.  pratense,  Koch. 

In  wet  ground,  Seal  Cove  road,  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand). 
H.  Haldanianum,  Grev. 

Wet  clayey  ground  and  on  tree  trunks.  Ripples  Pond;  be- 
tween Bass  Harbor  and  Southwest  Harbor  (Rand); — Pretty- 
marsh  (Theodore  G.  White). 

SUBGENUS  LIMNOBIUM. 

H.  palustre,  Huds. 

On  rocks.     Woods  on  Intervale  Brook  (Rand). 

H.  molle,  Dicks.     H.  dilatatum,  Wils. 

On  wet  rocks.  Brook,  Western  Mt.  (Walter  L.  Burrage);  — 
Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 

H.  eugyrium,  Schimp. 

Woods,  north  of  Long  Pond  (Theodore  G.  White) ;  —  Inter- 
vale Brook  (Rand). 

H.  ochraceum,  Turn. 

In  cold  mountain  brooks.  North  of  Sargent  Mt. ;  near  head 
of  Denning  Pond  (Rand);  —  at  waterfall,  East  Branch  of  Had- 
lock Brook  (Theodore  G.  White).  A  very  slender  form,  head 
waters  of  Gilmore  Brook  (E.  Faxon). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  219 

SUBGENUS  CALLIERGON. 

H.  cordifolium,  Hedw. 

Common  in  swamps  and  wet  boggy  ground.     (E.  Faxon,  Eand, 
White.) 
H.  Schreberi,  Willd.     H.  parietinum,  L. 

On  ground;  common.     (Burrage,  E.  Faxon,  Eand,  Eedfield, 
White.) 

H.  stramineum,  Dicks. 

Among  sphagnum  in  bogs.  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Eedfield) ; 
—  Breakneck  Ponds;  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Eand). 

SUBGENUS  PLEUROZIUM. 

H.  splendens,  Hedw.     H.  proliferum,  L. 

Moist  rocks  and  on  ground  in  woods ;  common.  (Burrage, 
Eedfield,  Eand,  White.) 

H.  brevirostre,  Ehrh. 

Gorge,  West  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook  (Eand). 

SUBGENUS  HYLOCOMIUM. 

H.  squarrosum,  L. 

On  ground.     Cold  Brook  (Eand). 

H.  triquetrum,  L. 

Woods,  on  ground;  common.     (Burrage,  Eand.) 

DIVISION  II.    HEPATIC^E;   LIVERWORTS. 

List  prepared  by  Edward  L.  Eand  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  L.  M.  Underwood,  by  whom  many  annotations  and  some 
necessary  descriptions  have  been  furnished.  Plants  collected 
by  Edward  L.  Eand  and  others ;  determined  by  Dr.  Underwood. 
The  arrangement  followed  is  that  given  in  the  sixth  edition  of 
Gray's  Manual. 


220  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

JUNGEBMANNIACE^E.     SCALE  MOSSES. 

FRULLANIA,  Eaddi. 
F.  Eboracensis,  Lehm. 

Common  on  trees;  sometimes  on  rocks. 
F.  Asagrayaua,  Mont. 

On  spruce  trees,  Beech  Mt.  (Rand) ;  —  on  rocks,  near  Little 
Harbor  (Eedfield)  ;  —  among  moss  on  old  log,  Great  Pond 
(Eand). 

JUBULA,  Dumort. 

J.  Hutchinsiae  (Hook.),  Dumort.,  var.  Sullivantii,  Spruce. 
Wet  rocks  in  Intervale  Brook  (Band). 

PORELLA,  L. 

P.  platyphylla  (L.),  Lindb.     Madotheca  platyphylla,  Dumort. 
Frequent,  usually  on  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield);  — Deer 
Brook;  Hadlock  Brook;  Breakneck  road  (Eand). 

PTILIDIUM,  Nees. 
P.  ciliare  (L.),  Nees. 

Very  common  on  ground,  rotten  trees,  etc.  Variable.  An 
unusually  small  form  on  old  log,  path  to  Beech  Cliff  (Eand). 
A  large  form,  among  sphagnum  in  bog  hole  on  The  Heath, 
Great  Cranberry  Isle,  appears  to  be  P.  pulcherrimum  (Web.), 
Nees. 

TRICHOCOLEA,  Dumort. 
T.  tomentella  (Ehrh.),  Dumort. 
In  moss,  Cold  Brook  (Eand). 

BAZZANIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 

B.  trilobata  (L.),  S.  F.  Gray.    Mastigobryum  trilobatum,  Nees. 
Very  common  on  ground  in  damp  woods.     A  very  delicate 
form  on  wet  rocks,  northern  end  of  Beech  Mt.  (Eand). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS,  221 

LEPIDOZIA,   Dumort. 

L.  reptans  (L.),  Dumort. 

On  wet  rocks  among  moss,  northern  end  of  Beech  Mt. ;  on 
ground,  Norwood  Cove  (Band). 

L.  setacea  (Web.),  Mitt. 

In  sphagnum,  border  of  Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Faxon  &  Rand). 
This  seems  to  be  a  floating  form. 

BLEPHAROSTOMA,  Dumort. 

B.  trichophyllum  (L.),  Dumort. 

On  clay  banks,  Stanley  Brook,  Seal  Harbor  (Band). 

CEPHALOZIA,  Dumort. 

C.  Virginiana,  Spruce. 

In  wet  ground.     Southern  end  of  Great  Pond  (Band). 

C.  multiflora,  Spruce. 

In  wet  ground.  Sunken  Heath;  Sunken  Heath  Brook ,•  Beech 
Mt.  (Band). 

C.  bicuspidata  (L.),  Dumort. 

On  the  ground.  Jordan  Pond  trail  from  Northeast  Harbor; 
Norwood  Cove  (Band). 

C.  curvifolia  (Dicks.),  Dumort. 

On  rotten  logs.     Northwest  Arm  woods  (Band). 
C.  fluitans  (Nees),  Spruce. 

Very  abundant  in  shallow  pools  and  among  sphagnum, 
Sunken  Heath  (Faxon  &  Band) ;  —  Sunken  Heath  Brook 
(Band). 

C.  divaricata  (Sm.),  Dumort. 

On  rocks  with  Andresea,  Sargent  Mt.  (Band). 


222  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

KANTIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 

K.  Trichomanis  (L.),  S.  F.  Gray. 

On  ground.  Wood  road  to  Western  Mt. ;  Jordan  Pond  path, 
Seal  Harbor  (Rand). 

SCAPANIA,  Dumort. 
S.  undulata  (L.),  Dumort. 

On  stones  in  brooks,  usually  submersed;  frequent. 
S.  irrigua  (Nees),  Dumort. 

On  rocks  in  water.     Jordan  Pond;  Stanley  Brook  (Rand). 
S.  nemorosa  (L.),  Dumort. 

On  wet  rocks  and  damp  ground;  very  common. 

DIPLOPHYLLUM,  Dumort. 
D.  albicans  (L.),  Dumort. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  D.  taxifolium  "by  the 
presence  in  the  two  lobes  of  a  pseudo-nerve,  which  is  often 
colorless,  and  consists  of  a  series  of  from  4  to  6  elongated 
cells.  A  cross-section  of  the  leaf  shows  the  cells  to  be  of 
equal  diameter  as  the  others,  only  with  the  outer  walls  thick- 
ened considerably."  Pearson,  Canadian  Hepaticse,  15.  On 
rocks.  Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Rand). 

D.  taxifolium  (Wahl.),   Dumort.     D.  albicans,  Dumort.,  var. 
taxifolium,  Nees.     Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  715. 

On  rocks.     West  Branch  of  Hadlock  Brook  (Rand). 
D.  Dicksoni  (Hook.),  Dumort. 

Stems  prostrate,  copiously  rooting  below,  mostly  simple  with 
ascending  apices;  leaves  deeply  2-lobed,  spreading  or  somewhat 
involute  when  dry,  pale  or  becoming  whitish,  the  lower  lobe 
obliquely  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  falcate,  the  upper 
lobe  a  half  smaller,  lanceolate,  acute;  leaf  cells  rather  large, 
nearly  uniform;  perianth  ovate,  with  a  plicate-laciniate  mouth. 
On  rocks.  Northern  end  of  Beech  Mt.  (Rand). 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  223 

GEOCALYX,  Nees. 
G.  graveolens  (Schrad.),  Nees. 

On  rotten  stumps.     Beech  Mt.  (Rand). 

LOPHOCOLEA,  Dumort. 
L.  bidentata  (L.),  Dumort. 

In  rill  by  roadside,  near  head  of  Great  Pond  (Kand). 

CHILOSCYPHUS,  Corda. 
C.  polyanthos  (L.),  Corda. 

On  ground.  Southern  end  of  Great  Pond;  Cold  Brook 
(Kand). 

Var.  rivularis,  Nees. 

On  dripping  rocks,  northern  end  of  Beech  Mt.  (Kand). 

PLAGIOCHILA,  Dumort. 
P.  asplenoides  (L.),  Dumort. 

On  wet  rocks.  Cold  Brook;  Intervale  Brook;  northern  end 
of  Beech  Mt.  (Kand). 

MYLIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 
M.  Taylori  (Hook.),  S.  F.  Gray. 

Among  sphagnum,  shore  of  Aunt  Bettys  Pond  (Kand). 
M.  anomala  (Hook.),  S.  F.  Gray. 

Differs  from  M.  Taylori,  of  which  it  may  be  only  a  variety, 
in  its  rather  distant  leaves,  which  are  obtuse,  acute,  or  ovate- 
acuminate  on  the  same  stem,  and  thinner  in  texture,  in  its 
longer  perianth,  and  in  its  ovate  involucral  leaves.  Among 
sphagnum,  Freeman  Heath  (E.  Faxon). 

JUNGERMANNIA,  L. 
J.  Schraderi,  Mart. 

On  ground  and  old  logs ;  common. 


224  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

J.  pumila,  With. 

On  ground.     Woods  near  Somes  Pond  (Rand). 
J.  barbata,  Schreb. 

On  rocks.  Western  Mt.  (Band).  A  variety  on  wet  rocks, 
northern  end  of  Beech  Mt.  (Rand). 

J.    attenuata,    Lindenb.      <7.    barbata,    var.    attenuata,    Mart. 

Gray,  Man.,  6th  ed.,  719. 

On  rocks,  northern  end  of  Beech  Mt.;  on  old  tree,  The 
Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

J.  ventricosa,  Dicks. 

On  old  log,  northern  end  of  Beech  Mt.  (Rand). 
J.  excisa,  Dicks. 

On  decaying  logs.    Jordan  Mt.;  The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry 
Isle  (Rand). 
J.  incisa,  Schrad. 

On  the  ground  and  on  decaying  logs.     Southern  end  of  Great 
Pond  (Rand). 
J.  inflata,  Huds. 

On  ground  and  rocks  ;  frequent.  Variable.  Browns  Mt. ; 
Beech  Mt. ;  Sargent  Mt.  (Rand).  A  variety  on  wet  rocks, 
Sargent  Mt.  (Rand).  A  form  with  very  small  compressed 
leaves,  Robinson  Mt.  (E.  Faxon).  An  aquatic  form,  pools  on 
summit  of  Beech  Mt. ;  on  logs  in  water,  Sunken  Heath  Brook 
(Rand). 
*  J.  Marchica,  Nees. 

Under  leaves  (amphigastria)  none;  stem  creeping,  radicu- 
lose,  flexuous,  subsimple  or  with  offshoots  at  the  apex,  rather 
thick,  soft;  leaves  semi-vertical,  spreading,  very  lax,  subquad- 
rate,  repand,  entire,  pale,  bifid  with  an  angular  sinus,  retrorsely 
gibbous  and  with  divergent  obtuse  lacinise  (or  more  rarely 
trifid)  ;  fruit  unknown.  Nees,  Europ.  Lebermoose,  ii.  77.  On 
Sphagnum  Russowii,  Beech  Mt.  (Rand).  Spec,  in  herb,  C. 
Warnstorf. 

Nees  did  not  include  this  species  in  the  later  work,  Synopsis 
Hepaticorum,  nor  is  it  mentioned  in  other  works  of  importance. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  225 

Dr.  Warnstorf,  however,  writes  that  the  discovery  is  a  very 
important  one,  since  it  is  the  second  or  third  time  that  this 
species  has  been  collected.  He  evidently  regards  it  as  a  good 
species. 

MARSUPELLA,  Dumort. 
M.  sphacelata  (Giesecke),  Dumort. 

On  rocks.     Summit  of  Green  Mt.   (D.  C.  Eaton) ;  —  Beech 
Cliff  (Rand). 

M.  emarginata  (Ehrh.),  Dumort. 

Wet  rocks;  frequent. 
M.  adusta  (Nees),  Spruce. 

Wet  ledges,  Green  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 

NARDIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 

N.  crenulata  (Sm.),  Lindb. 

On  decaying  wood.     The  Heath,  Great  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand). 

FOSSOMBRONIA,  Raddi. 
F.  Dumortieri,  Lindb. 

Pond  shores,  on  ground.     Jordan  Pond ;  Ripples  Pond ;  Great 
Pond  (Rand). 

PALLAVICINIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 

P.  Lyellii  (Hook.),  S.  F.  Gray,     Steetzia  Lyelliiy  Lehm. 
Forming  mats  under  water,  Sunken  Heath  Brook  (Rand). 

PELLIA,  Raddi. 
P.  epiphylla  (L.),  Nees. 

On  damp  ground,  pond  shores,  brooksides,  etc.-,  common. 

ANEURA,  Dumort. 
A.  palmata  (Hedw.),  Dumort. 

Dioecious,  generally  proliferous,  small,  opaque;    thallus  short 
and  narrow;  branches  linear,  palmately  divided,  usually  narrow- 

15 


226  FLORA  OF   MOUNT  DESERT. 

ing  gradually  towards  the  apex,  subacute  and  scarcely  emargi- 
nate,  biconvex;  cells  small,  rounded,  thickened;  bracts  numerous; 
calyptra  small,  densely  verrucose  ;  antheridia  linear.  Lindb., 
Not.  pro  Fauna  et  Fl.  Fen.,  xiii.  375.  On  old  tree,  West  Branch 
of  Stanley  Brook  (Raiid). 


MABCHANTIACE^E.     LIVERWORTS. 

MARCHANTIA,  L. 
M.  polymorpha,  L. 

On  the  ground,  especially  after  fires;  frequent.     Beech  Hill; 
High  Head;  Somes ville,  and  elsewhere  (Rand). 

CONOCEPHALUS,  Neck. 

C.  conicus  (L.),  Dumort. 

On   damp   ground.      Aunt    Mollys    Beach    (Rand)  ;  —  Bar 
Harbor  (Kate  Furbish). 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  227 

CLASS  III.    THALLOPHYTA. 
DIVISION  I.     CHARACE^E. 

NITELLA,  Ag. 
N.  opaca,  Ag. 

Ponds   and    streams;   common.     Smith  Brook,   High   Head  ; 
Deer  Brook;    Canada  Brook;    Jordan  Stream  (Rand); — Long 
Pond,  Eden  (E.  Faxon) ;  —  at  outlet  Hadlock  Lower  Pond  (Isaac 
Holden). 
N.  flexilis,  Ag. 

Specimens  of  a  Nitella,  probably  this  species,  have  been  found 
in  several  localities.  Mouth  of  Hunters  Brook;  Somes  Stream; 
Deer  Brook  (Rand);  —Great  Pond  (Isaac  Holden). 

DIVISION  II.     ALG^E. 

List  prepared  by  Frank  S.  Collins.  Plants  collected  by 
Frank  S.  Collins  and  Isaac  Holden. 

So  far  as  fresh  water  algae  are  concerned,  the  following  list 
contains  only  a  few  species  which  have  come  under  the  notice  of 
the  collectors  ;  to  make  even  an  approximately  representative 
list  would  take  careful  collecting  and  study  for  years;  this  must 
be  left  for  future  students.  In  the  representation  of  marine 
algae,  the  list  is  more  satisfactory,  but  here  also  it  is  undoubt- 
edly far  from  perfect.  For  instance,  there  will  be  noticed  three 
species  which  find  a  place  here  only  on  authority  of  minute 
fronds  observed  on  other  specimens;  it  is  more  than  likely  that 
there  are  other  species  equally  deserving  of  a  place,  but  not 
equally  fortunate  in  securing  it. 

The  fact  that  thus  far  collecting  has  been  done  almost  entirely 
in  the  summer  months  accounts  for  the  absence  of  some  species, 
which  there  is  every  reason  to  expect  in  this  locality.  Still, 
allowing  for  these  deficiencies,  the  list  gives  a  fairly  good  idea 
of  the  marine  flora  of  the  Island, —  that  sub-arctic  flora  charac- 
teristic of  the  northern  New  England  coast. 

The  arrangement  of  species,  genera,  etc.,  is  based  chiefly  on 
Engler  and  Prantl's  "  Natiirlichen  Pflanzenfamilien, "  which 


228  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

differs  somewhat  from  the  standard  work  of  reference  for  this 
region,  Farlow's  "Manual  of  the  Marine  Algae  of  New  Eng- 
land." Where  the  name  here  used  differs  from  that  employed 
by  Farlow,  the  latter  is  given  as  a  synonym;  in  the  case  of  species 
and  genera  not  to  be  found  in  Farlow,  short  descriptions  have 
been  given,  which  it  is  hoped  will  enable  the  collector  to  recognize 
the  plants.  Descriptions  of  the  few  fresh  water  algae  will  be 
found  in  Wolle's  "Fresh  Water  Algae  of  the  United  States." 

SUBDIVISION  I.     RHODOPHYCE.E. 
CORALLINACE^E. 

CORALLINA,  L. 
C.  officinalis,  L. 

Common  in  tide  pools  and  below  on  the  shore  (Collins) ;  — 
Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

LITHOTHAMNION,  Phil. 
L.  polymorphum  (L.),  Aresch. 
Common  in  tide  pools  (Collins). 

L.  fasciculatum  (Lam.),  Aresch. 

Occasional  on  shells,  etc.  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 
This  is  the  L.  fasciculatum  of  Farlow's  Manual,  p.  182,  but  it 
is  doubtful  if  it  is  the  European  species  of  that  name.  The 
Lithothamnia  of  northern  Europe  have  been  much  studied  during 
the  past  few  years,  and  it  is  quite  likely  that  our  plant  belongs 
to  one  of  the  new  species  formerly  included  under  L.  fascicula- 
tum ;  but  it  is  impossible  to  decide  without  comparison  of  au- 
thentic specimens. 

LITHOPHYLLUM,  Phil. 

L.   Lenormandi,   Bosanoff.      Melobesia  Lenormandi)   Farlow's 
Manual,  181. 

Common  in  tide  pools  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  229 

MELOBESIA,  Lamour. 
M.  pustulata,  Lamour. 

Occasional  on  Chondrus,  etc.  (Collins). 

M.  Lejolisii,  Rosanoff. 

A  few  fronds  on  Zostera,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 

SQUAMARIACE^E. 

PEYSSONNELIA,  Decne. 
P.  Dubyi,  Crouan. 

On  shells  and  stones,  near  Seal  Harbor;    not  common  (Col- 
lins). 

PETROCELIS,  J.  Ag. 
P.  cruenta,  J.  Ag. 

Common  in  tide  pools  (Collins);  —  Greening  Island  (Holden). 

RHIZOPHYLLIDACE^E. 

POLYIDES,  Ag. 
P.  rotundus  (Gmelin),  Grev. 

Occasional  in  tide  pools,  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins)  ;  —  Sea 
Wall  (Holden). 

GLCEOSIPHONIACE^E. 

GLCEOSIPHONIA,  Carm. 
G.  capillaris  (Huds.),  Carm. 

Not  uncommon.     Little  Cranberry  Isle;    near  Seal  Harbor 
(Collins). 


230  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

CERAMIACE^E. 

CERAMIUM,  Lyngb. 
C.  Hooperi,  Harv. 

Common  on  overhanging  rocks  near  low-water  mark.  Near 
Seal  Harbor  (Collins);  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

C.  rubrum  (Huds.),  Ag. 

Common  everywhere  (Collins); —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

ANTITHAMNION,  Naeg. 

A.  Pylaiss3i  (Mont.),   Farlow.      CaUithamnion  Pylaiscei,    Far- 
low's  Manual,  123. 
On  Ptilota  pectinata  (L.  R.  Boggs). 

PLUMARIA,  Stack. 

P.  elegans,  Bonnem.     Ptilota  elegans,  Farlow's  Manual,  133. 

On  overhanging  rocks  near  low- water  mark.  Near  Seal  Har- 
bor (Collins). 

PTILOTA,  Ag. 

P.  pectinata  (Gunner),  Kjellm.     P.  serrata,  Farlow's  Manual, 

133. 

Common;  cast  up  from  deep  water.  Seal  Harbor,  and  else- 
where (Collins);  —Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

RHODOCHORTON,   Naeg. 

R.  Rothii  (Engl.  Bot.),  Naeg.    CaUithamnion  Rothii,  Farlow's 

Manual,  121. 

Common  on  rocks  near  low-water  mark.  Seal  Harbor,  and 
elsewhere  (Collins);  —  Greening  Island  (Holden). 

R.  membranaceum,  Magnus. 

A  minute  species,  growing  in  Polyzoa,  sponges,  etc. ;  the  fila- 
ments forming  a  more  or  less  dense  network,  sometimes  entirely 
filling  the  interior  of  the  host,  which  is  then  quite  noticeable, 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  231 

being  of  a  bright  red,  instead  of  the  usual  yellowish  or  whit- 
ish color.  The  tetraspores  are  usually  formed  outside  the  host, 
at  the  tips  of  short  branches  which  come  out  through  the 
host  walls.  In  tubes  of  Sertularia,  etc.  Near  Seal  Harbor 
(Collins). 

RHODOMELACE^. 

POLYSIPHONIA,  Grev. 

P.  urceolata  (Lightf.),  Grev. 

Not  uncommon  in  tide  pools.  Little  Cranberry  Isle;  Seal 
Harbor  (Collins). 

P.  nigrescens  (Dillw.),  Grev. 

One  large  plant  floating  at  Bracy  Cove  (Collins). 

P.  fastigiata  (Roth),  Grev. 

Common  on  Ascophyllum,  all  along  the  shore  (Collins) ;  — 
Somes  Sound  (Holden). 

*  P.  Olneyi,  Harv. 

A  single  specimen  on  Zostera  floating  in  Somes  Sound,  in  poor 
condition,  but  in  fruit  and  unmistakable.  Specimen  not  pre- 
served (Holden). 

P.  violacea  (Koth),  Grev. 
Somes  Sound  (Holden). 

RHODOMELA,  Ag. 
R.  subfusca  (Woodw.),  Ag. 
Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

DELESSERIACE^E. 

DELESSERIA,  Lamour. 
D.  sinuosa  (Good.  &  Woodw.),  Lamour. 

Occasional  in  tide  pools,  and  from  deep  water  (Collins)  j  — 
Sea  Wall  (Holden). 


232  FLORA  OF   MOUNT  DESERT. 

D.  alata  (Huds.),  Lamour. 

A  minute  frond  of  this  species  on  Ptilota  pectinata  (L.  R, 
Boggs). 

RHODYMENIACE^E. 

RHODYMENIA,  J.  Ag. 
R.  palmata  (L.),  Grev.     DULSE. 

Common    everywhere   on    the    shore  (Collins) ;  —  Sea   Wall 
(Holden). 

RHODOPHYLLIDACE^E. 

EUTHORA,  J.  Ag. 

E.  cristata  (L.),  J.  Ag. 

A  minute  frond  of  this  species  on  Ptilota  pectinata  (L.  R. 
Boggs). 

CYSTOCLONIUM,  Kuetz. 
C.  purpurascens  (Huds.),  Kuetz. 

Not  uncommon.   Little  Cranberry  Isle,  and  elsewhere  (Collins). 

GIGARTINACE.E. 

AHNFELDTIA,  Fries. 
A.  plicata  (Huds.),  Fries. 

Rather  common  in  tide  pools  (Collins);  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

GIGARTINA,  Lamour. 

G.  mamillosa  (Good.  &  Woodw.),  J.  Ag. 

Common  near  low-water  mark  (Collins) ;  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

CHONDRUS,    Stack. 
C.  crispus  (L.),  Stack.     IRISH  Moss. 

Common  nearly  everywhere  on  the  coast  of  the  Island  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  233 

GELIDIACE^S. 

CHOREOCOLAX,  Reinsch. 
C.  Polysiphoniae,  Keinsch. 

This  species  forms  whitish  spherical  lumps  not  larger  than  a 
pin's  head,  on  the  fronds  of  Polysiphonia,  especially  at  the  fork- 
ings  of  the  branches.  The  fronds  consist  of  closely  packed, 
radiating  filaments,  near  the  ends  of  which  are  formed,  in  separate 
individuals,  the  antheridia,  the  cystocarps,  and  the  tetraspores. 
The  last,  which  are  cruciately  divided,  are  the  commonest  form 
of  fruit.  Occasional.  Seal  Harbor,  and  elsewhere  (Collins). 

HELMINTHOCLADIACE^E. 

NEMALION,  Duby. 
N.  multifidum,  Ag. 
Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

CHANTRANSIA,  Fries.    (Trentepohlia,  Farlow's  Manual,  108.) 

C.  virgatula  (Harv.),  Thuret.     T.  virgatula,  Farlow's  Manual, 

109. 

On  Alaria,  etc.  Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins) ;  —  Sea  Wall 
(Holden). 

C.  Daviesii  (Engl.  Bot.),  Thuret.     T.  Daviesii,  Farlow's  Man- 
ual, 109. 

On  Rhodymenia,  Bracy  Cove  (Collins). 
*C.  Hermann!  (Roth),  Kuetz. 

On  Tuomeya  (Holden). 

BATRACHOSPERMUM,  Roth. 
B.  vagum,  Ag. 

Denning  Brook  (Holden)  ;  —  Deer  Brook,  Jordan  Pond  ; 
Sunken  Heath  Brook  (Rand). 


234  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

B.  pyramidale,  Sirdt. 

Streamlet,  Norwood  Cove  (Holden) ;  —  brook,  High  Head 
meadow  (Faxon  &  Rand). 

LEMANEACE^E. 

TUOMEYA,  Harv. 
T.  fluviatilis,  Harv. 

Outlet  of  Hadlock  Lower  Pond;  Denning  Brook  (Holden). 

LEMANEA,  Bory. 

L.  fucina,  Bory,  var.  rigida,  Atkinson. 
Hadlock  Lower  Pond,  at  outlet  (Holden). 

PORPHYEACE^E. 

BANGIA,  Lyngb. 
B.  fusco-purpurea  (Dillw.),  Lyngb. 

On  rocks.  Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins)  ;  —  east  of  Seal  Harbor 
(Holden). 

PORPHYRA,  Ag. 
P.  laciniata  (Lightf.),  Ag. 

Sea  Wall  (Holden).  A  coarse  and  dull-colored  form  on  rocks 
between  tide  marks  ;  a  smaller  and  brighter  colored  form  on 
Fucacese,  etc.  (Collins). 

P.  miniata,  Ag. 

A  handsome  species,  differing  from  P.  laciniata  in  having 
two  layers  of  cells  instead  of  one  in  the  greater  part  of  the  frond, 
even  in  the  vegetative  condition.  The  fronds  are  more  gelati- 
nous and  somewhat  thicker,  and  adhere  firmly  to  paper  when 
dried.  It  is  a  species  of  deeper  water  than  P.  laciniata,  and 
grows  on  other  algae,  rather  than  on  rocks  or  woodwork.  Float- 
ing near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  235 

Genera  of  Doubtful  Affinity. 

HILDENBRANDTIA,  Nardo. 

H.  prototypus,  Nardo.     H.  rosea,  Farlow's  Manual,  116. 
Very  common  on  rocks  in  tide  pools,  etc.  (Collins). 

HALOSACCION,  Kuetz. 

H.  ramentaceum  (L.),  Ag. 

Common  in  lower  tide  pools  (Collins);  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 


SUBDIVISION  II. 

FUCACE^E. 

ASCOPHYLLUM,  Stack.     ROCKWEED. 

A.  nodosum  (L.),  Le  Jolis. 

Very  common  everywhere  on  the  coast  (Collins). 

FUCUS,  L.     KOCKWEED. 
P.  filiformis,  Gmelin. 

In  upper  tide  pools.     Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 
P.  edentatus,  De  la  Pyl.     F.  furcatus,  Farlow's  Manual,  102. 

Near  Life  Saving  Station,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 
F.  evanescens,  Ag. 

Common  all  along  the  shore  (Collins). 
F.  vesiculosus,  L. 

Very  common  everywhere  on  the   coast   (Collins)  ;  —  Somes 
Sound  (Holden).     Occurring  in  numerous  forms,  among  them: 

Var.  laterifructus,  Grev. 

With  the  type  (Collins). 
P.  platycarpus,  Thuret. 

Resembling  F.  edentatus,  but  with  the  branching  somewhat 
lateral,   rather  than  regularly  forked,   the  conceptacles  shorter 


FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

and  rounded,  and  margined  with  the  unchanged  membrane 
of  the  frond.  It  grows  nearer  high-water  mark  than  either 
F.  evanescens  or  F.  edentatus.  Somes  Sound,  on  rocks  near 
high- water  mark  (Holden). 

LAMINAKIACE^E. 

ALARIA,  Grev. 
A.  esculenta  (L.),  Grev. 

Rather  common  in  tide  pools  and  below  (Collins) ;  —  Sea 
Wall  (Holden). 

A.  Pylaii    (Bory),   J.  Ag.      A.  esculenta,  var.   latifolia,   Far- 
low's  Manual,  97. 

Rather  common  (Collins).  Regarded  as  a  distinct  species  by 
most  authors,  and  in  its  extreme  forms  quite  different  in  appear- 
ance from  the  preceding  species. 

AGARUM,  Bory. 

A.  Turner!,  Post.  &  Rupr. 

Common  near  and  below  low-water  mark  (Collins) ;  —  Sea 
Wall  (Holden). 

SACCORHIZA,  De  la  Pyl. 
S.  dermatodea,  De  la  Pyl. 

Rather  common  in  lower  tide  pools  (Collins);  —  Sea  Wall 
(Holden). 

LAMINARIA,  Lamour.     DEVIL'S  APRON. 
L.  saccharina  (L.),  Lamour. 

Common  in  lower  tide  pools  and  below  (Collins). 
L.  longicruris,  De  la  Pyl. 

Occasional.  From  deep  water  (Collins); — floating,  Somes 
Sound  (Holden). 

L.  platymeris,  De  la  Pyl. 

Not  uncommon.     From  deep  water  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  237 

L.  digitata,  Lamour. 

Sea  Wall  (Holden). 
Var.  ensifolia,  Le  Jolis. 

A  rather  small  form,  with  numerous  narrow  linear  segments, 
and  rather  slender,  rounded  stipe;  growing  mostly  in  shallow 
water.  In  tide  pools,  Little  Cranberry  Isle,  and  elsewhere 
(Collins). 

CHORDA,  Stack. 
C.  filum  (L.),  Stack. 

Rather  common  at  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 

RALFSIACE^E. 

RALFSIA,  Berk. 
R.  clavata  (Carm.),  Crouan. 

On  woodwork  and  shells  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 
R.  pusilla  (Stroemf.),  Holmes  &  Batters. 

A  minute  plant,  forming  ?,  dark  brown  or  black  coating  on 
the  filaments  of  Chsetomorpha;  somewhat  like  R.  clavata,  but  a 
much  smaller  plant  in  all  its  parts  ;  the  habitat  quite  distinct, — 
JR.  pusilla  growing  only  on  algae,  R.  clavata  on  any  hard  life- 
less substance  indiscriminately.  On  Chcetomorpha  Melagonium, 
Sea  Wall  (Holden). 
R.  verrucosa  (Aresch.),  J.  Ag. 

Common  all  along  the  shore  (Collins). 
R.  deusta,  J.  Ag. 

At  and  below  low-water  mark,  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins) ;  — 
tide  pool,  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

CHORDARIACE.E. 

CHORDARIA,  Ag. 
C.  flagelliformis  (Fl.  Dan.),  Ag. 

Common  all  along  the  shore  (Collins)  j  —  Somes  Sound 
(Holden). 


238  FLORA  OF   MOUNT  DESERT. 

LEATHESIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 

L.  difformis  (L.),  Aresch. 

Common  in  lower  tide  pools,  all  along  the  shore  (Collins) ;  — 
Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

CASTAGNEA,  Derb.  &  Sol. 

C.  virescens  (Carm.),  Thuret. 

In  tide  pools.     Near  Life  Saving  Station,  Little  Cranberry 
Isle;  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

MYRIONEMA,  Grev. 

M.  strangulans,  Grev.     M.  vulgare,  Farlow's  Manual,  79. 

On  various  algae.     Little  Cranberry  Isle;    near  Seal  Harbor 
(Collins) 

ELACHISTEACE.E. 

ELACHISTEA,  Duby. 
E.  fucicola  (Velley),  Fries. 

On  Fucus.     Very  common  all  along  the  shore  (Collins) ;  — 
Southwest  Harbor  (Holden). 

E.  lubrica,  Rupr. 

On  Halosaccion  and  Ascophyllum.     Near  Seal  Harbor  (Col- 
lins). 

DESMARESTIACE.E. 

DESMARESTIA,  Lamour. 

D.  aculeata  (L.),  Lamour. 

From  deep  water.      Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins)  j  —  South- 
west Harbor  (Holden). 

D.  viridis  (Fl.  Dan.),  Lamour. 

From  deep  water.     Little  Cranberry  Tsle;    Seal  Harbor  (Col- 
lins). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  239 

DICTYOSIPHOISrACE^:. 

DICTYOSIPEON,  Grev. 
D.  hippuroides  (Lyngb.),  Aresch. 

Common.  Little  Cranberry  Isle;  near  Seal  Harbor,  and 
elsewhere  (Collins);  —  "  Mt.  Desert  "  (Holden). 

D.  fcEniculaceus  (Huds.),  Grev. 

Common  with  the  last  (Collins) ;— Southwest  Harbor  (Holden). 

ENCCELIACE^. 

ASPEROCOCCUS,  Lamour. 
A.  echinatus  (Mert.),  Grev. 

On  Fucacese.     Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

PHYLLITIS,  Kuetz. 
P.  fascia  (Fl.  Dan.),  Kuetz. 

Common  in  tide  pools  along  the  shore  (Collins);  —  Sea  Wall 
(Holden). 

Var.  caespitosa  (J.  Ag.),  Farlow. 

With  the  type,  but  not  so  common  (Collins). 

SCYTOSIPHON,  Ag. 
S.  lomentarius  (Lyngb.),  J.  Ag. 

Very  common  everywhere  on  the  coast  (Collins). 

PUNCTARIA,  Grev. 
P.  latifolia,  Grev. 

Occasional  at  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

DESMOTRICHUM,  Kuetz. 

Similar  to  Punctaria,  but  the  frond  consists  of  one  row  or  a 
few  rows  of  cells;  the  plurilocular  sporangia  either  immersed, 
sessile,  or  on  short  stalks. 


240  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

D.  undulatum   (J.   Ag. ),    Reinke.      Punctaria  latifolia,    var. 
Zosterce,  Farlow's  Manual,  64,  at  least  in  part. 

On  Zostera.  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins) ;  —  Somes  Sound 
(Holden). 

SPHACELARIACE^E. 

SPHACELARIA,  Lyngb. 

S.  radicans  (Dillw.),  Ag. 

Common  on  rocks  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

ECTOCARPACEJE. 

ECTOCARPUS,  Lyngb. 

E.  confervoides  (Roth),  Le  Jolis. 

Common  on  Chorda,  Zostera,  etc.  Seal  Harbor,  and  else- 
where (Collins);  —  Southwest  Harbor  (Holden). 

Var.  siliculosus,  Kjellm. 

On  Zostera.  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins)  ;  —  Southwest 
Harbor  (Holden). 

E.  fasciculatus,  Harv. 

Common  on  Rhodymenia,  Laminaria,  etc.  Seal  Harbor,  and 
elsewhere  (Collins) ;  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

ASCOCYCLUS,  Magnus. 

Resembles  Myrionema,  but  the  sporangia  terminate  upright 
filaments  or  their  branches,  instead  of  rising  directly  from  the 
basal  layer. 

A.  orbicularis  (J.  Ag.),  Magnus. 

Basal  stratum  of  one  layer  of  cells,  from  which  arise  colorless 
hairs,  unicellular  saccate  paraphyses,  and  shortly  stipitate 
plurilocular  sporangia,  usually  of  a  single  series  of  cells.  On 
Zostera,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  241 

PYLAIELLA,  Bory. 

P.  littoralis  (L.),  Kjellm.    Ectocarpus  littoralis,  Farlow's  Man- 
ual, 73. 

Common  on  Fucacese,  etc.  (Collins). 
Var.  robustus,  Farlow. 

Floating,  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

SUBDIVISION  III.    CHLOROPHYCE-ffi. 

CONJUGATE. 

SPIROGYRA,  Link. 
*  S.  majuscula,  Kuetz. 
In  fresh  water  (Holden). 

PROTOCOCCACE^E. 

PROTOCOCCUS,  Ag. 
*P.  viridis,  Ag. 

Shaded  places ;  rocks,  trees,  fences,  etc. ;  common.    (Holden.) 

VAUCHERIACEuE. 

VAUCHERIA,  DC. 
V.  Thuretii,  Woronin. 

Very  common  in  lagoon,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins) ;  — 
shore  west  of  Bracy  Cove,  with  Microcoleus,  etc.  (Holden). 

V.  litorea,  Hoffm.  Bang. 

Rather  common  at  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 

16 


242  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

VALONIACE^E. 

CODIOLUM,  A.  Br. 

C.  longipes,  Foslie. 

Fronds  proportionally  longer  and  slenderer  than  in  typical 
G.  gregarium.  Common  on  rocks  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins) ; 
—  on  rocks  between  tide  marks,  Sea  Wall  (Holdeii). 

C.  gregarium,  A.  Br. 

A  few  plants  of  the  typical  form  of  this  species  have  been 
found  mixed  with  C.  longipes  and  with  transitional  forms.  It 
is  doubtful  whether  the  two  species  are  distinct.  If  they  are 
not,  (7.  gregarium  as  a  specific  name  has  the  priority.  Seal 
Harbor  (Collins). 

GOMONTIACE.E. 

GOMONTIA,  Born.  &  Fl. 

Fronds  branching;  individual  cells  transformed  into  large 
round,  oval,  or  clavate  sporangia,  which  at  length  separate  from 
the  frond,  and  develop  zoospores  and  resting  spores. 

G.  polyrhiza  (Lagerh.),  Born.  &  Fl. 

Filaments  .004-. 008  mm.  diam. ;  sporangia  .03-. 04  mm.  diani. 
Appears  as  a  grass-green  stain  on  dead  shells.  Seal  Harbor 
(Collins). 

CONFERVACE^E. 

CLADOPHORA,  Kuetz. 
C.  arcta  (Dillw.),  Kuetz. 

Very  common  in  tide  pools  (Collins) ;  —  Somes  Sound  (Holden). 
Forma  centralis. 

Probably  merely  an  older  stage.     Sea  Wall  (Holden). 
C.  lanosa  (Both),  Kuetz. 

In  tide  pools  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins).  Apparently  not 
very  common. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  243 

C.  glaucescens  (Griff.),  Harv. 

In  tide  pools,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins). 
C.  laetevirens  (Dillw.),  Harv. 

Common  in  tide  pools.     Little   Cranberry   Isle;    near  Seal 
Harbor  (Collins). 

C.  gracilis  (Griff.),  Kuetz. 

In  lower  tide  pools.  Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins) ;  —  Somes 
Sound  (Holden). 

C.  expansa,  Kuetz. 

In  upper  tide  pools,  Seal  Harbor;  very  common  in  lagoon, 
Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins) ;  —  Long  Pond  (Holden). 

C.  rupestris  (L.),  Kuetz. 

On  rocks  in  tide  pools,  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 
C.  flexuosa  (Griff.),  Harv. 

Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

RHIZOCLONIUM,  Kuetz. 
R.  riparium  (Koth),  Harv. 

Very  common  all  along  the  shore  (Collins) ;  —  Norwood  Cove 
(Holden). 

R.  tortuosum,  Kuetz. 

Common  in  tide  pools  (Collins) ;  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 

CH-ffiTOMORPHA,  Kuetz. 
C.  Picquotiana  (Mont.),  Kuetz. 

From  deep  water,  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 
C.  Melagonium  (Web.  &  Mohr),  Kuetz. 

Sea  Wall  (Holden).  A  form  found  on  pebble  in  lagoon, 
Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins),  probably  belongs  to  this  species, 
though  only  about  half  the  usual  diameter. 


244  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

BULBOCOLEON,  Prings. 

B.  piliferum,  Prings. 

In  fronds  of  Castagnea  virescens  from  tide  pools,  Seal  Har- 
bor (Collins). 

ULOTHRIX,  Kuetz. 

U.  flacca  (Dillw.),  Thuret. 

On  piles  of  wharves  and  on  rocks.  Seal  Harbor;  Southwest 
Harbor  (Collins). 

U.  isogona  (Sm.),  Thuret. 

On  stones  near  Life  Saving  Station,  Little  Cranberry  Isle 
(Collins). 

*  U.  zonata,  Kuetz. 

In  fresh  water  (Holden). 

CONFERVA,  Link. 

*  C.  affinis,  Kuetz. 

In  fresh  water  (Holden). 

ULVACE.E. 

TETRANEMA,  Aresch. 

Frond  consisting  at  first  of  a  single  series  of  cells,  subse- 
quently of  two  (or  four?)  series  arranged  symmetrically. 

T.  percursum  (Ag.),  Aresch. 

Forming  light  green  or  yellowish  masses  in  warm  upper 
pools,  usually  mixed  with  various  species  of  Enteromorpha, 
Cladophora,  etc.  The  frond  consists  at  first  of  a  single  con- 
ferva-like filament,  which  soon  divides  into  two  series  of  cells, 
set  side  by  side,  the  cells,  usually  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
being  set  symmetrically,  the  cross  walls  exactly  opposite.  The 
filaments  are  unbranched,  usually  .01  to  .016  mm.  diam.  In 
upper  tide  pools.  Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  245 

CAPSOSIPHON,  Gobi. 

Frond  tubular,  formed  of  longitudinally  arranged  gelatinous 
cells,  which  divide  in  two  directions,  the  walls  of  the  mother 
cells  persistent  for  a  time,  as  in  Gloeocapsa. 

C.  aureolus  (Ag.),  Gobi. 

Resembles  a  slender  unbranched  Enteromorpha,  but  the  cells 
look  like  Gloeocapsa,  being  rounded,  dividing  by  twos  or  fours, 
the  mother  cell-wall  showing  somewhat  after  the  division. 
The  longitudinal  arrangement  of  cells  is  very  distinct  in  the 
filament,  a  little  pressure  on  the  cover  glass  under  the  micro- 
scope often  dividing  the  frond  for  quite  a  distance  up  and 
down.  This  species  seems  to  prefer  localities  where  it  is 
exposed  alternately  to  fresh  and  to  salt  water.  Common  on 
stones  in  brook  flowing  from  Long  Pond  through  the  beach 
(Collins). 

ENTEROMORPHA,  Link. 

E.  Linza  (L.),   J.   Ag.      Ulva  enteromorpha,   var.  lanceolata, 

Farlow's  Manual,  43. 
Very  common  all  along  the  shore  (Collins). 

E.  intestinalis   (L.),  Link.      Ulua  enteromorpha,  var.  intesti- 

naliSj  Farlow's  Manual,  43. 

Very  common  along  the  shore  (Collins)  j  —  Norwood  Cove 
(Holden). 

E.  micrococca,  Kuetz. 

Resembles  E.  intestinalis,  but  is  a  smaller  plant  every  way, 
rarely  if  ever  an  inch  in  length.  The  cells  are  very  small, 
.004-.005  mm.  diameter.  It  usually  grows  in  dense  masses 
on  cliffs  between  tidemarks,  in  places  always  wet  by  streams 
from  above  or  by  dripping  water.  Cliff  near  Seal  Harbor 
(Collins). 

E.  compressa  (L.),  Grev.      Ulva  enteromorpha,  var.  compressa, 

Farlow's  Manual,  43. 
Common  along  the  shore  (Collins). 


246  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

E.  clathrata  (Roth),  J.  Ag.      Ulva  clathrata,  Farlow's  Man- 
ual, 44. 

In  tide  pools  (Collins);  —  Somes  Sound  (Holden). 
E    erecta  (Lyngb.),  J.  Ag. 

Resembles  E.  clathrata,  but  the  cells  have  more  compact  and 
opaque  contents,  and  are  less  regularly  arranged  in  series. 
The  smaller  branches  seem  articulate,  not  conferva-like,  as  in 
E.  Hopkirkii,  but  after  the  manner  of  a  Polysiphonia,  several 
cells  side  by  side  of  the  same  height.  Shore,  Little  Cranberry 
Isle  (Collins). 

E.  Hopkirkii,  McCalla.      Ulva  Hopkirkii,  Farlow's  Manual,  44. 
In  tide  pools,  on  Cladophora  glaucescens,  Little  Cranberry 
Isle  (Collins). 

MONOSTROMA,  Thuret. 
*M.  Blyttii  (Aresch.),  Wittr. 
Seal  Harbor  (Elisa  W.  Redfield). 

ULVA,  L.     SEA  LETTUCE. 
TT.  lactuca  (L.),  Le  Jolis. 

Occurring  in  two  forms. 
Var.  rigida  (Ag.),  Le  Jolis. 

Common  in  tide  pools  and  below  (Collins). 
Var.  lactuca,  Le  Jolis. 

Common  with  the  last  (Collins). 

SUBDIVISION  IV.     SCHIZOPHYCEJE. 
HORMOGONE.E. 

CALOTHRIX,  Ag. 
C.  scopuloram  (Web.  &  Mohr),  Ag. 

Very  common  on  rocks.  Seal  Harbor;  Little  Cranberry  Isle 
(Collins);  — Sea  Wall  (Holden). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  247 

C.  pulvinata  (Mert.),  Ag. 

On  piles  of  bridge,  outlet  of  Long  Pond  (Collins).  Rare;  the 
most  northern  station  for  this  species  yet  reported. 

RIVULARIA,  Roth. 
R.  atra,  Roth. 

Common  in  upper  tide  pools  (Collins) ;  —  Sea  Wall  (Holden). 
R.  nitida,  Ag.  R.  plicata,  Farlow's  Manual,  38. 

On  woodwork;  rare  (Collins). 

MASTTGOCOLEUS,  Lagerh. 

Trichome  of  a  single  series  of  cells,  blue-green  or  yellowish, 
.006-. 01  mm.  diam.,  branching,  the  branches  sometimes  of  uni- 
form diameter,  sometimes  tapering  to  a  fine  hair.  Heterocysts 
terminal  or  lateral ;  spores  unknown.  Appears  as  a  blue-green 
stain  on  the  surface  of  the  shell. 

M.  testarum,  Lagerh. 

Growing  in  the  substance  of  dead  shells,  in  company  with 
Hyella  ccespitosa,  etc.  Seal  Harbor  (Collins).  The  only  species 
of  the  genus. 

STIGONEMA,  Ag. 
S.  mamillosum,  Ag. 

On  rocks  in  outlet  of  Hadlock  Lower  Pond  (Holden). 

MICROCOLEUS,   Desmaz. 

M.  chthonoplastes  (El.  Dan.),  Thuret. 

Very  common  in  lagoon,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Collins)  j  — 
shore  west  of  Bracy  Cove  (Holden). 

LYNGBYA,  Ag. 
L.  asstuarii  (Juerg.),  Liebm. 

Very  common  in  lagoon,  Little  Cranberry  Isle  ;  occasional 
near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 


248  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

L.  semi-plena  (Ag.),  J.  Ag. 

Filaments  .006-. 012  mm.  diam.,  sheath  usually  thin  and  deli- 
cate; articulations  |-£  as  long  as  broad;  color  of  stratum  dark 
green  to  olive-yellow.  Not  common.  Shore  near  Seal  Harbor 
(Collins). 

L.  lutea,  Gomont.     L.  tenerrima^  Farlow's  Manual,  35. 
Near  outlet  of  Long  Pond,  among  Calothrix,  etc.  (Collins). 

PHORMIDIUM,  Kuetz. 

Similar  to  Oscillatoria,  but  the  filaments  are  included  in  a 
general  mucilaginous  layer. 

P.  fragile,  Gomont. 

Trichomes  bright  green,  somewhat  flexuous,  moniliform,  at- 
tenuate at  the  apex,  cells  subquadrate,  .0012-.  0023  mm.  diam. 
Forming  a  dull  green  gelatinous  stratum  on  woodwork.  Near 
Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

OSCILLATORIA,  Vauch. 

0.  subuliformis,  Kuetz.? 

On  rocks  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins).  A  plant  agreeing  with 
the  description  of  Oscillaria  subuliformis,  Harv.,  in  Farlow's 
Manual,  33.  According  to  Gomont,  it  is  doubtful  if  Harvey's 
plant  is  the  same  as  Kuetzing's,  so  that  all  that  can  be  said  in 
this  case  is  that  the  plant  agrees  with  Farlow's  description. 

*  0.  limosa,  Ag. 

In  fresh  water  (Holden). 

*  0.  amphibia,  Ag. 

In  fresh  water  (Holden). 

SPIRULINA,  Turpin. 

S.  snbsalsa,  Oersted.     S.  tenuissima,  Farlow's  Manual,  31. 
On  rocks  on  shore  near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  249 

CHROOCOCCACE^E. 

CHROOCOCCUS,  Naeg. 

C.  turgidus,  Naeg. 

Common  among  various  algae  in  lagoon,  Little  Cranberry  Isle 
(Collins). 

GLCEOCAPSA,  Kuetz. 

G.  crepidinum,  Thuret. 
"Common  on  rocks,  etc.,  near  high-water  mark  (Collins). 

POLYCYSTTS,  Kuetz. 
P.  elabens,  Kuetz. 

Among  small  algae,  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 
P.  pallida  (Kuetz.),  Farlow. 

Among  small  algae,  Seal  Harbor  (Collins). 

CHAM^SIPHONACE^E. 

DERMOCARPA,  Crouan. 

D.  prasina  (Reinsch),  Born.     Sphcenosiphon  smaragdinus,  Far- 

low's  Manual,  61. 
On  Polysiphonia  fastigiata.     Near  Seal  Harbor  (Collins) . 

HYELLA,  Born.  &  Fl. 

Filaments  .004-. 012  mm.  diam.,  forming  a  horizontal  net-like 
layer,  from  which  arise  vertical  filaments.  Cells  not  close  to- 
gether, as  in  Lyngbya,  often  Chroococcus-like.  Forms  grayish 
stains  on  shells. 

H.  csespitosa,  Born.  &  Fl. 

The  only  species  of  the  genus.  Growing  in  the  substance  of 
dead  shells,  in  company  with  Mastigocoleus  testarum,  etc.  Seal 
Harbor  (Collins). 


250  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

DIVISION  III.     LICHENES. 

List  contributed  by  Dr.  John  W.  Eckfeldt,  and  based  on  col- 
lections made  by  him,  by  Miss  Mary  L.  Wilson,  and  by  others. 
Plants  determined  by  Dr.  Eckfeldt,  Miss  Wilson,  and  Miss  Clara 
E.  Cummings.  As  all  collections  have  hitherto  been  made  either 
within  a  short  period  of  time,  or  under  adverse  circumstances, 
doubtless  a  more  thorough  examination  of  the  Island  would 
extend  the  list  very  greatly.  In  the  case  of  Dr.  Eckfeldt's 
collections  the  names  of  the  special  stations  have  in  most  cases 
unfortunately  been  lost. 

TRIBE  I.     PARMELIACEI. 
USNEEI. 

EAMALINA,  Ach. 
R.  calicaris  (L.),  Fries. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
*Var.  fraxinea,  Fries. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
Var.  fastigiata,  Fries. 

Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
Var.  canaliculata,  Fries. 

(Eckfeldt);  — on  fir  trees,  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
Var.  farinacea,  Schaer. 

(Eckfeldt);  — Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
*R.  intermedia,  Delis. 

Thallus  flat,  attenuated  and  mostly  divided,  the  margins  fre- 
quently sorediate.  Apothecia  pale  yellow,  terminal,  subtended 
by  the  elongated  forked  extremity  of  the  1  acini  a.  On  shrubs  and 
branches  (Eckfeldt).  Frequently  mistaken  for  the  preceding 
variety. 

R.  pnsilla,  Prev. 

On  apple  trees,  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  251 

*  R.  pollinaria,  Ach. 

Small  and  imperfect  specimen,  but  distinct  (Eckfeldt). 

*  R.  polymorpha,  Ach. 

On  rocks  in  small  patches  (Eckfeldt). 

CETRARIA,  Ach. 

C.  aculeata  (Schreb.),  Fries. 

Green  Mt.  (Wilson,  T.  G.  White) ;— Browns  Mt.  (Band). 

*  C.  Islandica  (L.),  Ach. 

On  the  ground.     (Eckfeldt.) 
*Var.  DelisaBi  (Bor.),  Nyl. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
C.  cucullata  (Bell),  Ach. 

On  the  ground.     (Eckfeldt.) 
C.  nivalis  (L.),  Ach. 

On  the  ground.     (Eckfeldt.) 
C.  aleurites  (Ach.),  Th.  Fries. 

Generally  sterile.     On  trees  and  dead  wood  (Eckfeldt) ;  —  on 
fence  rails,  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

C.  Fahlunensis  (L.),  Schaer. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

C.  ciliaris,  Ach. 

On  trees  and  fence  rails.     (Eckfeldt); — Seal   Harbor  (Wil- 
son) ;  —  Somesville  (E.  Faxon). 

C.  lacnnosa,  Ach. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  stenophylla,  Tuck. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
C.  glauca  (L.),  Ach. 

On   trees   and   rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson, 
Kedfield). 


252  FLORA  OP  MOUNT  DESERT. 

£  Oakesiana,  Tuck. 

On  trees  and  rocks.    (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  C.  aurescens,  Tuck. 

On  old  fences.     Not  common  (Eckfeldt). 

*  C.  juniperina  (L.),  Ach. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 
Var.  terrestris,  Schaer. 

On  the  ground.     (Eckfeldt.) 
Var.  Pinastri,  Ach. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

EVERNIA,  Ach. 
*E.  vulpina  (L.),  Ach. 

On  trees  and  fence  rails.     Sparingly  found  in  a  degenerate 
condition  (Eckfeldt). 

*E.  furfuracea  (L.),  Mann. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 
Var.  Cladonia,  Tuck. 

Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 
E.  Prunastri  (L.),  Ach. 

On  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt,  Wilson). 

USNEA,  Ach. 
U.  barbata  (L.),  Fries. 

On  old  trees.     Common  (Eckfeldt,  Redfield,  Eand). 
Var.   florida,  Fries. 

On  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) ;  —  (Eckfeldt). 

*  Var.  hirta,  Fries. 

On  branches  of  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 
*Var.  rubiginea,  MX. 

On  branches,  mingled  with  var.  hirta  (Eckfeldt). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  253 

Var.  ceratina,  Schaer. 

On  branches  of  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

Var.  dasypoga,  Fries. 
Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

Var.  plicata,  Fries. 

On  trees.    (Eckfeldt,  Wilson,  Eedfield.) 

U.  trichodea,  Ach. 

On  trees.     Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

ALECTORIA,  Ach. 
A.  jubata,  L. 

On  old  fence  rails  and  trees.     (Eckfeldt)  j  —  Sunken  Heath 
(Kand). 

*  Var.  bicolor,  Fries. 

On  rails  and  branches.     (Eckfeldt.) 

Var.  chalybeiformis,  Ach. 

(Eckfeldt);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

Var.  implexa,  Fries. 

On  fir  trees.    Northeast  Harbor  (Wilson) ;  —  Great  Cranberry 
Isle  (Kand). 

A.  ochroleuca  (Ehrh.),  Nyl. 

On  branches  of  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  Var.  rigida,  Fries. 

On  the  ground.     Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 
*Var.  osteina,  Nyl. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
Var.  nigricans,  Ach. 

On  the  ground.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*Var.  sarmentosa,  Nyl. 

More  common  than  the  preceding  (Eckfeldt). 


254  FLORA  OF   MOUNT  DESERT. 

PARMELIEI. 

THELOSCHISTES,  Norm. 

*  T.  chrysophthalmus  (L.),  Norm. 

On  shrubs.     (Eckfeldt.) 
T.  parietinus  (L.),  Norm. 

On  rocks.     Eastern  coast  (Eckfeldt,  Wilson,  Kedfield).     On 
dead  trees.    Somesville  (Rand). 

T.  polycarpus,  Ehrh. 

On    trees    and    dead    wood.       (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal    Harbor 
(Wilson). 

T.  lychneus,  Nyl. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  T.  concolor,  Dicks. 

On  rough  barks.    (Eckfeldt.) 

PARHELIA,  Ach. 
P.  perlata  (L.),  Ach. 

(Eckfeldt);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
*P.  perforata  (Jacq.),  Ach. 
On  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  P.  cetrata,  Ach. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 
P.  crinita,  Ach. 

On  rocks.    Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
P.  aurulenta,  Tuck. 

On  tree  trunks  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 
P.  tiliacea  (Hoffm.),  Floerke. 

On  trees  and  stones.     (Eckfeldt);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
P.  Borreri,  Turn. 

On  rocks  and  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS. 

*  Var.  rudecta,  Tuck. 

More  frequently  seen  on  tree  trunks  (Eckfeldt). 

P.  saxatilis  (L.),  Fries. 

On  rocks  and  trees.    (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Bed- 
field). 

Var.  sulcata,  Nyl. 

Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

Var.  omphalodes,  Fries. 

On  rocks.    Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Eckfeldt). 

P.  physodes  (L.),  Ach. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
*Var.  obscurata,  Ach. 

On  rocks.    Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  Var.  vittata,  Ach. 

On  trees.     Infertile  (Eckfeldt). 
*P.  encausta  (Sm.),  Nyl. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

P.  pertusa  (Schrk.),  Schaer. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

P.  colpodes  (Ach.),  Nyl. 

On  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 

P.  olivacea  (L.),  Ach. 

On  trees.    (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) ;  —  Southwest 
Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

*  Var.  aspidota,  Ach. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
Var.  sorediata  (Ach.),  Nyl. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
P.  stygia  (L.),  Ach. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 


256  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESEET. 

*  P.  lanata  (L.),  Wallr. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 
P.  caperata  (L.),  Ach. 

On  trees  and  decorticated  wood.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 
P.  conspersa  (Ehrh.),  Ach. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
P.  centrifuga  (L.),  Ach. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson);— "Mt.  Desert"  (Tucker- 
man). 

P.  incurva  (Pers.),  Fries. 

On  rocks.      "  Mt.    Desert "    (Tuckerman)  ;  —  Seal   Harbor 
(Wilson). 

P.  ambigua  (Wulf.),  Ach. 

On  dead  wood,  etc.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  albescens,  Wahl. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

PHYSCIA,  DC. 

P.  speciosa  (Wulf.),  Nyl. 

On  shaded  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  P.  hypoleuca  (Muhl.),  Tuck. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  P.  aquila  (Ach.),  Nyl.,  var.  detonsa,  Tuck. 

On  rocks,  etc.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  P.  pulverulenta  (Schreb.),  Nyl.,  var.  leucoleiptes,  Tuck. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
P.  stellaris,  L. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  P.  astroidea  (Fries),  Nyl. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*P.  tribacia  (Ach.),  Tuck. 

On  old  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  257 

P.  hispida  (Schreb.),  Tuck. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt)  j  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
P.  csesia  (Hoffm.),  Nyl. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) . 
P.  obscura  (Ehrh.),  Nyl. 

On  trees,  etc.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  endochrysea,  Nyl. 

At  the  base  of  trees  (Eckfeldt). 

P.  adglutinata  (Floerke),  Nyl.,  var.  pyrithrocardia,  Mueller. 
On  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

PYXINE,  Fries. 
P.  sorediata,  Fries. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

UMBILICARIEI. 

UMBILICARIA,  Hoffm. 

*  U.  cylindrica  (L.),  Delis. 

On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 
U.  polyphylla  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  rocks.      "Mt.    Desert"   (Tuckerman,  Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal 
Harbor  (Wilson). 

U.  nocculosa,  Hoffm. 

On    rocks.      "  Mt.   Desert"    (Tuckerman)  ;  —  Seal    Harbor 
(Wilson). 

U.  Muhlenbergii  (Ach.),  Tuck. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield). 

*  U.  hirsuta  (Ach.),  Stenh. 
On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 

*  U.  vellea  (L.),  Nyl. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

17 


258  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

U.  Dillenii,  Tuck. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield). 
U.  pustulata  (L.),  Hoffm.,  var.  papulosa,  Tuck. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) ;  —  Browns 
Mt.  (Band). 

PELTIGEKEI. 

STICTA,  Schreb. 

S.  amplissima  (Scop.),  Mass. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson,  Kedfield.) 
S.  pulmonaria  (L.),  Ach. 

On  trees  and  rocks.    (Eckfeldt,  Wilson) ;  —  Jordan  Pond  trail, 
Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield). 

S.  fuliginosa  (Dicks.),  Ach. 

'On  rocks.     Woods,  Seal. Harbor  (T.  G.  White). 
S.  crocata  (L.),  Ach. 

On   trees    and   rocks.     Seal    Harbor   (Wilson,    Kedfield) ;  — 
Beech  Mt.  (E.  Faxon). 

S.  scrobiculata  (Scop.),  Ach. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal    Harbor   (Wilson, 
Kedfield);  —Beech  Cliff  (E.  Faxon). 

NEPHROMA,  Ach. 

*  N.  arctipum  (L.),  Fries. 
On  the  ground  (Eckfeldt). 

N.  tomentosum  (Hoffm.),  Koerber. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Kedfield;. 
N.  Helveticum,  Ach. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  N.  IsBvigatum,  Ach. 
(Eckfeldt.) 

Var.   parile,  Kyi. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  259 

PELTIGERA,  Willd. 

*P    venosa  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  ground.      (Eckfeldt.) 
P.  aphthosa  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  ground  and  on  rocks.  (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Hadlock  Valley; 
Browns  Mt.  Notch  (Kedfield) ;  —  Cold  Brook  (Eand) ;  —  South- 
west  Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

P.  horizontalis  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  ground  and  on  trees.  (Eckfeldt,  Wilson) ;  —  Beech 
Cliff  (E.  Faxon)  ;  — Sutton  Island  (Eedfield) ;  — Southwest 
Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

P.  polydactyla  (Neck.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  ground.  (Eckfeldt); — Sutton  Island  (Eedfield); — 
Somesville;  Northwest  Arm  woods  (Eand). 

P.  rufescens  (Neck.),  Hoffm. 

On  rocks,  etc.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) . 
P.  canina  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  ground,  etc.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield). 

*  Var.  spongiosa,  Tuck. 

(Wilson.) 

*  Var.  membranacea  (Ach.),  Nyl. 
On  moss  (Eckfeldt). 

SOLORINA,  Ach. 

*  S.  saccata  (L.),  Ach. 

On  the  ground.     (Eckfeldt.) 

PANNARIEI. 

HEPPIA,  Naeg. 

*  H.  Despreauxii  (Mont.),  Tuck. 

On  the  earth.     Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 


260  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

PANNARIA,  Delis. 

P.  lanuginosa  (Ach.),  Koerber. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  caves,  Barr  Hill  (Redfield). 

*  P.  hypnorum  (Hoffm.),  Koerber. 

On  tree  trunks  and  on  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  P.  granatina,  Sommerf . 

On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 
P.  rubiginosa  (Thunb.),  Delis. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
P.  leucosticta,  Tuck. 

On  rocks  among  dead  nioss  (Eckfeldt). 
P.  brunnea  (Swz.),  Mass. 

On  the  ground.     Crystal  Cove,  High  Head  (Rand). 
P.  plumbea  (Lightf.),  Delis. 

On  old  oak.    Newport  Mt.  (Tuckerman).    On  rocks.    (Wilson, 
Eckfeldt.) 

P.  nigra  (Huds.),  Kyi. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

COLLEMEI. 

OMPHALARIA,  Dur.  &  Mont. 
0.  phyllisca  (Wahl.),  Tuck. 

Frequent  upon  rocks,  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

COLLEMA,  Hoffm. 
C.  leptalenm,  Tuck. 

On  tree  trunks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
C.  fiaccidum,  Ach. 

On  old  trees  and  stumps.      Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) ;  —  Stanley 
Brook  (Redfield). 

C.  nigrescens  (Huds.),  Ach. 
On  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt.) 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  261 

LEPTOGIUM,  Fries. 


L.  pulchellum  (Ach.), 

On  tree  trunks,  etc.     (Eckfeldt.) 
L.  tremelloides  (L.  f.),  Fries. 

On  rocks  and  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wil- 
son); —Beech  Cliff  (E.  Faxon). 

*  L.  chloromelum  (Swz.),  Nyl. 
On  old  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

LECANOREI. 

PLACODIUM,  DC. 

P.  elegans  (Link),  DC. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (T.  G.  White). 

*  P.  murorum  (Hoffm.),  DC. 
On  rocks.    (Eckfeldt.) 

*  P.  cinnabar  inum  (Ach.),  Anz. 
On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 

*  P.  citrinum  (Hoffm.),  Leight. 
On  old  mortar.     (Eckfeldt.) 

P.  aurantiacum  (Lightf.),  Naeg.  &  Hepp. 

On  trees,  dead  wood,  etc.    (Eckfeldt)  ;—  Seal  Harbor  (Eedfield). 

*  P.  cerinum  (Hedw.),  Naeg.  &  Hepp. 
On  trees,  etc.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 

Var.  pyracea,  Nyl. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
*P.  ferrugineum  (Huds.),  Hepp,  var.  discolor,  Willey. 

On  oak  trees.      "Mt.  Desert  "  (Tuckerman). 

*  P.  camptidium,  Tuck. 

On  smooth  tree  trunks.     Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 
P.  vitellinum  (Ehrh.),  Naeg.  &  Hepp. 
On  dead  wood.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 


262  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

LECANORA,  Ach. 

*  L.  rubina  (Vill.),  Ach. 
On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 

L.  muralis  (Schreb.),  Schaer. 
On  rocks,     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 

L.  pallida  (Schreb.),  Schaer. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  cancriformis,  Tuck. 
On  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

Var.  angulosa,  Hoffm. 

On  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  L.  sordida  (Pers.),  Th.  Fries. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

L.  subfusca  (L.),  Ach. 

On  rocks  and  wood.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson,  Kedfield.) 

*  Var.  allophana,  Ach. 
(Eckfeldt.) 

*  Var.  distans,  Ach. 
(Eckfeldt.) 

*  L.  Hageni,  Ach. 

On  old  rails  and  houses.     (Eckfeldt.) 

L.  varia  (Ehrh.),  ISTyl. 

On  bark,  stones,  etc.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
Var.  polytropa,  Nyl. 

On-  wood.     Jordan  Pond  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  saepincola,  Fries. 

On  dead  wood.     (Eckfeldt. ) 

*  L.  ventosa  (L.),  Ach. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  263 

L.  elatina,  Ach.,  var.  ochrophsea,  Tuck. 

On  "bark  and  dead  wood.  (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
L.  pallescens  (L.),  Schaer. 

On  bark,  etc.      Barr  Hill  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  rosella,  Tuck. 

Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  L.  tartarea  (L.),  Ach. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  Var.   frigida,  Ach.     Var.  telephoroides,  Th.  Fries. 

Thallus  thin,  whitish  or  cream-colored,  papillose,  ramulose 
becoming  spinulose;  sterile.  On  decayed  grass  and  moss. 
(Eckfeldt.) 

*  L.  verrucosa  (Ach.),  Laur. 
On  earth,  etc.     (Eckfeldt.) 

L.  cinerea  (L.),  Sommerf. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harhor  (Wilson). 

*  L.  molybdina  (Wahl.),  Ach.,  var.  microcyclos,  Wahl. 
On  rocks.      "Mt.  Desert"  (Tuckerman). 

*  L.  glaucocarpa  (Wahl.),  Ach. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*L.  fuscata  (Schrad.),  Th.  Fries,  var.  rufescens,  Th.  Fries. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  L.  privigna  (Ach.),  Nyl. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

RINODINA,  Mass. 

*  R.  oreina  (Ach.),  Mass. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 

*  R.  sophodes  (Ach.),  Nyl. 
(Eckfeldt.) 


264  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

*  Var.   confragosa,  Nyl. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 
*R.  constans  (Nyl.),  Tuck. 

On  old  trees.    (Eckfeldt.) 

PERTUSARIA,  DC. 
P.  velata  (Turn.),  Nyl. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield), 
*P.  leioplaca  (Ach.),  Schaer. 

On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 
*P.  pustulata(Ach.),  Nyl. 

On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

CONOTREMA,  Tuck. 
C.  nrceolatum  (Ach.),  Tuck. 

On  trees.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

GYALECTA,  Ach. 
*G.  lutea  (Dicks.),  Tuck. 

On  bark  of  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 
*G.  Pineti  (Schrad.),  Tuck. 

On  bark  of  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

URCEOLARIA,   Ach. 

*  U.  scmposa  (L.),  Nyl. 

On  rocks  and  earth.     (Eckfeldt.) 

THELOTREMA,  Ach. 

*  T.  lepadixmm,  Ach. 

On  tree  trunks.      (Eckfeldt.) 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  265 

TRIBE  II.     LECIDEACEI. 

CLADONIEI. 

STEREOCAULON,   Schreb. 

S.  coralloides,  Fries. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt);  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

S.  paschale  (L.),  Fries. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
S.  tomentosum  (Fries),  Th.  Fries. 

On  ground.     (Eckfeldt)  ; — Seal  Harbor  (Wilson) ; — Southwest 
Harbor  (M.  L.  Fernald). 

*  S.  condensatum,  Hoffm. 

On  earth.      (Eckfeldt.) 

*  S.  pileatum,  Ach. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

PILOPHORUS,  Th.   Fries. 

*  P.  cereolus,  Ach.,  var.  Fibula,  Tuck. 

On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 

CLADONIA,  Hoffm. 
C.  alcicornis  (Lightf.),  Floerke. 

On  the  earth.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
*C.  decorticata,  Floerke. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt.) 
C.  pyxidata  (L.),  Fries. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield). 
C.  fimbriata  (L.),  Fries. 

On  the  earth  and  rotten  logs.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 
Var.  tubseformis,  Fries. 

On  rotten  logs.     Seal  Harbor  (Redfield). 


266  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

*  Yar.  radiata,  Fries. 

On  the  earth.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
C.  gracilis  (L.),  Nyl. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  Var.  verticillata,  Fries. 
On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt.) 

Var.  hybrida,  Schaer. 

On  the  earth.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
Var.  elongata,  Fries. 

On  the  earth.  (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Redfield). 
Forma  macrocerasj  Tuck.,  of  this  variety  is  also  found  (Eck- 
feldt). 

C.  turgida  (Ehrh.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  earth.      (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
C.  papillaria  (Ehrh.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Barr  Hill  (Wilson). 
C.  cenotea  (Ach.),  Schaer. 

On  rotten  logs  and  on  the  earth.  (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor 
(Wilson,  Eedfield). 

C.  squamosa,  Hoffm. 

On  the  earth,  etc.  (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Ked- 
field). 

C.  csespiticia  (Pers.),  Floerke. 

On  rocks  and  on  the  ground.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  C.  furcata  (Huds.),  Fries. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 
Var.  crispata,  Floerke. 

On  the  earth.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
Var.  racemosa,  Floerke. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Kedfield). 

*  Var.  subulata,  Floerke. 

On  the  earth.     (Wilson.) 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  267 

C.  rangiferina  (L.),  Hoffm. 

Common  on  the  earth,  etc.      (Eckfeldt,  Wilson,  Kedfield.) 
Var.  sylvatica,  L. 

On  rocks  and  earth.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Kedfield). 
Yar.  alpestris,  L. 

On  the  earth.     (Wilson,  Kedfield.) 

C.  uncialis  (L.),  Fries. 

On  the  earth.      (Eckfeldt,  Eedfield.) 
C.  Boryi,  Tuck. 

On  the  earth.    (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Kedfield). 

C.  coccifera  (L.),  Willd.     C.  cornucopioides  (L.),  Fries. 
On  the  earth;  common.    (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 

*  Var.  ochrocarpia,  Floerke. 

(Eckfeldt.) 
C.  deformis  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt,  Kedfield.) 
C.  digitata  (L.),  Hoffm. 

On  rotten  wood  and  on  the  earth.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson. ) 
C.  macilenta  (Ehrh.),  Hoffm. 

On  the  earth,  etc.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Kedfield). 

*  C.  pulchella,  Schwein. 

On  old  logs.     (Eckfeldt.) 
C.  cristatella,  Tuck. 

On  the  earth,  etc.    (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson,  Ked- 
field). 

LECIDEEI. 

B^OMYCES,  Pers. 

*  B.  byssoides  (L.),  Schaer. 

On  clay  soil.     (Eckfeldt.) 


268  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

B.  roseus,  Pers. 

On  ground;    common.    (Eckfeldt,  Wilson,  E.  Faxon,  Rand, 
Redfield.) 

B.  aeruginosus  (Scop.),  DC. 

On  dead  wood.     (Eckfeldt,  T.  G.  White.) 

BIATORA,  Fries. 

*  B.  rufo-nigra,  Tuck. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  ostreata  (Hoffm.),  Fries. 

On  carbonized  pine  wood.      "  Mt.  Desert  "  (Willey). 

*  B.  coarctata  (Sm.),  Nyl. 
On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

B.  granulosa  (Ehrh.),  Poetsch. 

On  the  earth,  etc.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

*  B.  parvifolia  (Pers.),  Tuck. 
On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  russula  (Ach.),  Mont. 
On  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  cinnabarina  (Sommerf.),  Fries. 
On  tree  trunks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  sanguineo-atra  (Fries),  Tuck. 
On  the  earth,  etc.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  varians,  Ach. 

On  bark  and  dead  wood.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  Laureri,  Hepp. 

On  trees.      (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  hypnophila,  Turn. 

On  mosses,  etc.    (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  rubella  (Ehrh.),  Rab. 
On  bark.     (Eckfeldt.) 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  269 

*  B.  fusco-rubella,  Hoffm. 
On  trees.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  suffusa,  Fries. 

On  trees.      (Eckfeldt.) 

HETEROTHECIUM,  Flot. 

H.  sanguinarium  (L.),  Flot. 

On  tree  trunks.     Northwest  Arm  woods  (Rand). 
H.  pezizoideum  (Ach.),  Flot. 

On  bark.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

LECIDEA,  Ach. 

*  L.  contigua,  Fries. 

On  rocks.      (Eckfeldt.) 
L.  albocoerulescens  (Wulf.),  Schaer. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
L.  enteroleuca,  Fries. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt,  Wilson.) 
L.  melancheima,  Tuck. 

On  fence  rails.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

BUELLIA,  De  Not. 

*  B.  albo-atra  (Hoffm.),  Th.  Fries. 
On  trees  and  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  parasema  (Ach.),  Th.  Fries. 

On  trees  and  dead  wood.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  myriocarpa  (DC.),  Mudd. 
On  dead  wood.     (Eckfeldt.) 

*  B.  colludens,  Nyl. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt.) 


270  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

B.  petraea  (Plot.),  Tuck. 

On  rocks.     (Eckfeldt) ;  —  Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 
B.  geographica  (L.),  Tuck. 

On  rocks.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

TRIBE  III.     GRAPHIDACEI. 
OPEGRAPHEI. 

OPEGRAPHA,  Humb.* 

*  0.  demissa,  Tuck. 

On  smooth  bark.     (Eckfeldt.) 
*0.  viridis  (Pers.),  Nyl. 

Thallus  light  ochrous  yellow,  very  thin,  mostly  scurfy  or 
slightly  tartareous,  rimose,  constricted.  Apothecia  short,  innate, 
from  round  to  elongate  and  linear,  mostly  curved  and  undivided 
with  the  margin  incurved.  Spores  in  thekes  8,  hyaline,  fusi- 
form to  acicular,  11  to  13-locular,  '^1'^  mic.  "  Mt.  Desert  " 
(Eckfeldt). 

XYLOGRAPHA,  Fries. 

*  X.  disseminata,  Willey. 

On  dead  wood.      "  Mt.  Desert  "  (Willey). 
X.  Opegraphella,  Nyl. 

On  old  fence  rails.     Seal  Harbor  (Wilson). 

GRAPHIS,  Ach. 
G.  scripta  (L.),  Ach. 

Thallus  grayish  white,  very  thin,  membranaceous,  tartareous 
even,  and  frequently  rugose.  Apothecia  slender,,  immersed, 
waving,  margins  narrow  and  elevated.  Spores  hyaline,  elon- 
gated, and  cylindrical,  8-10-septate,  ^ ~  ^  mic.  Seal  Harbor 
(Wilson,  Eckfeldt). 

*  For  description  of  genus,  see  Tuck.,  Syn.  N.  A.  Lichens,  part  I,  11. 


CATALOGUE   OF  PLANTS.  271 

Var.  serpentina,  Ach. 

Thallus  ash-colored,  tartareous,  thicker  than  that  of  the 
preceding  species,  pulverulent,  fissured,  clearly  determinate. 
Apothecia  crowded,  sunken,  much  elongated,  simple  or  branched. 
Spores  similar  to  preceding.  On  trees.  Southwest  Harbor  (M. 
L.  Fernald). 

*  G.  dendritica,  Ach. 

Thallus  cream-colored  to  a  yellowish  ash  color,  thin,  tartareous, 
mealy.  Apothecia  brownish  black,  immersed,  divided  in  branch- 
like  clusters  or  pedate  divisions.  Spores  long,  linear,  6-8-sep- 
tate,  $$£jfo  mic.  Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

ARTHONIEI. 

ARTHONIA,  Ach.* 

*  A.  punctiformis,  Ach. 

Thallus  whitish,  quite  distinct  or  fading  to  a  mere  film. 
Apothecia  very  small,  roundish  or  irregularly  elongated,  be- 
coming variable  in  shape,  often  stellate.  Spores  long,  ovoid, 

mostly   4-locular,     ^'003  m*c-    On  tree  barks.     Southwest  Har- 
bor (Eckfeldt). 

*  A.  astroidea,  Ach. 

Thallus  pale  ash-colored,  opaque,  finally  almost  wanting,  but 
differing  in  color  from  the  substrata,  marginate  with  a  waving 
terminal  darkening  line.  Apothecia  diverse,  mostly  stellate, 
slightly  elevated,  convex,  pallid  internally.  Spores  ovoid  to 
elongated,  4-locular,  ^^-^  mic.  On  tree  barks.  Southwest 
Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  Var.  Swartzoidea,  Nyl. 

Thallus  pale  ash-colored,  opaque  but  differing  in  color  from  the 
substrata,  often  becoming  darker  and  more  clearly  distinct.  Apo- 
thecia well  pronounced,  mostly  round  or  irregular,  '^''^  mic- 
On  tree  barks.  Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*For  description  of  genus,  see  Tuck.,  Syn.  N.  A.  Lichens,  part  L,  12. 


272  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

*  A.  Hamamelidis,  Nyl. 

Thallus  thin,  white,  but  darkening,  very  diffused.  Apothecia 
irregularly  shaped,  stellate,  ramose,  plane  or  somewhat  convex, 
pale  within.  Spores  4-locular,  jjjjff  ~_  •  jj^|  mic.  Generally  on  smooth 
barks  of  Hamamelis.  Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

TRIBE  IV.     CALICIACBI. 
SPELEROPHOREI. 

SPH-SJROPHORUS,  Pers.*     (Sphcerophoron,  Pers.) 
S.  globiferus  (L.),  DC.     S.  coralloides,  Pers. 

Thallus  fruticulose,  somewhat  compressed  or  terete,  with  erect- 
ish,  minutely  fibrillose,  ramulose  branches,  from  pale  to  chest- 
nut brown.  Apothecia  black,  globose,  shining,  tertninal  with  an 
inflexed  margin.  Spores  spherical,  violet  black,  medullary  layer 
purple  with  potash  reaction,  .009  X  .011  mic.  "Mt.  Desert" 
(Eckfeldt). 

CALICIEI. 

ACOLIUM,  FSe.f 
A.  tigillare  (Ach.),  De  Not. 

Thallus  yellow-green  or  more  lemon-colored,  granulose  or 
areolate  throughout.  Apothecia  black,  stout,  erect,  more  or 
less  innate.  Spores  brown,  ellipsoid  to  bilocular,  '^fl'^f  mic. 
On  old  fence  rails  and  boards.  (Eckfeldt)  ;  —  Seal  Harbor 
(Wilson). 

CALICIUM,  Pers.} 

*  C.  subtile,  Fries. 

Thallus  whitish  or  ash-colored,  very  thin,  evanescent.  Apo- 
thecia very  small,  stipe  delicate,  short  and  black,  capitula  very 
minute,  somewhat  globose,  dark  and  depressed.  Spores  brown, 
2-locular,  ™2-'wB  mic<  "Mt-  Desert"  (Eckfeldt). 


*  For  description  of  genus,  see  Tuck.,  Syn.  N.  A.  Lichens,  part  i.,  13. 
t  For  description  of  genus,  see  Ibid. 
J  For  description  of  genus,  see  Ibid. 


CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS.  273 

TRIBE  V.    VERRUCARIACEI. 
ENDOCARPEL 

ENDOCARPON,  Hedw.* 

*  E.  miniatum  (L.),  Schaer. 

Thallus  ashy  white  and  darkening,  simple,  coriaceous,  peltate, 
attached  to  the  centre,  the  upper  surface  minutely  granulose  or 
pulvinate.  Apothecia  very  minute,  abundant,  and  enclosed  in 
the  thallus.  Spores  ellipsoid,  simple,  i^I.'oJo  mic-  On  rocks; 
rather  common.  Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  Var.  complicatum,  Schaer. 

Thallus  closely  csespitosely  conjoined,  many  growing  together, 
border  of  thallus  raised  and  frequently  darkening,  erect,  com- 
plicate, often  pruinose.  Spores  same  as  in  type.  On  rocks. 
(Eckfeldt.) 

VERRUCARIEI. 

VERRUCARIA,  Pers.f 

*  V.  rupestris,  Schrad. 

Thallus  grayish  white  or  very  pale,  and  even  brown,  very  thin 
(becoming  obsolete),  tartareous  and  pulverulent.  Apothecia 
black,  numerous,  sub-immersed  but  very  conspicuous,  hemi- 
spherical. Spores  8,  hyaline,  ellipsoid,  oblong,  simple,  -01Q  ~_  Q13 
mic.  On  various  rocks  and  stones.  Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  V.  nigrescens,  Pers. 

Thallus  dark  to  a  distinct  black,  rimulose,  somewhat  areolate, 
thick  and  uneven,  loosely  disposed  and  friable,  developing  into 
nodose  elevations  around  the  apothecia.  Apothecia  dull  black, 
very  numerous,  hemispherical.  Spores  oblong,  simple,  '^  ~_  '^ 
mic.  On  rocks  and  stones.  Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  For  description  of  genus,  see  Tuck.,  Syn.  N.  A.  Lichens,  part  i.,  14. 
t  For  description  of  genus,  see  Ibid.,  15. 

18 


274  FLORA  OF  MOUNT  DESERT. 

*  V.  bryophila,  Lonnr. 

Thallus  whitish,  encrusting  certain  mosses.  Apothecia  con- 
nate. Spores  muriform.  On  the  coast.  Southwest  Harbor 
(Eckfeldt). 

PYRENULA,  Ach.* 

*  P.  punctiformis  (Ach. ),  Naeg. 

Thallus  dark  olivaceous,  very  thin,   evanescent.     Apothecia 
black,   polished,   very  minute,    conoid.      Spores   linear  oblong, 
2-locular,   ;JJ|^|  mic.      On  tree  barks  and  dead  wood.     (Eck- 
feldt.) 
*P.  nitida,  Ach. 

Thallus  pale  yellow  or  olivaceous  to  brown,  shining,  smooth 
with  scattered  minute  white  nodules.  Apothecia  large,  black. 

Sp°res  oo6  -  008  m*c<    On  smooth  tree  barks.     Southwest  Harbor 
(Eckfeldt).' 

P.  thelsena,  Ach. 

Thallus  uniform,  mostly  dark  or  fuscous.  Apothecia  small,  in- 
nate. Spores  colored,  -§Jfr^§  mic-  Southwest  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  P.  lactea,  Mass. 

Thallus  cream-colored,  very  thin,  spread  out  over  the  surface 
and  limited.  Apothecia  black,  minute,  sessile,  somewhat  in- 
nate, becoming  hemispherical.  Spores  broadly  fusiform,  5-7- 
locular,  '-^—^  mic.  Seal  Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  P.  gemmata  (Ach.),  Naeg. 

Thallus  white,  thin,  continuous,  smooth  or  rimulose.  Apo- 
thecia black,  large,  prominent,  roughish,  hemispherical.  Spores 
broadly  oblong,  2-locular,  ^ "  "^  mic.  On  trees.  Southwest 
Harbor  (Eckfeldt). 

*  For  description  of  genus,  see  Tuck.,  Syn.  N.  A.  Lichens,  part  i.,  15. 


SUMMARY. 


Genera.     Species.    Varieties 


Dicotyledones  Angiospermeae  j 

Dicotyledones  Gymnospermeae 
Monocotyledones   . 

Polypetalaa 
Gamopetalse    . 
Apetalae     .     . 

104 

98 
24 
8 
78 
16 

26 
1 
SQ 
45 

203 
198 
59 
12 
208 
36 

48 
2 
140 

214 

9 
16 
5 

41 

11 

1 

6 

59 

Pteridophyta     

Bryophyta  -5 
t  Hepatic*   .     .     . 

Thallophyta       Algae      .     .     . 

Lichenes     .    . 

Total    

527 

312 

215 

1286 

680 
606 

204 

71 
133 

T  ,  .    ,   (  Phanerogamia  ;  Flowering  Plants 
(  Cryptogamia;  Flowerless  Plants   . 

APPENDIX. 


EXCLUDED  SPECIES  OF  FLOWERING   PLANTS, 
FERNS,  AND  FERN  ALLIES. 


Clematis  verticillaris,  DC. 

Ranunculus  BULBOSUS,  L. 
Nymphsea  odorata,  Ait.,  var.  minor, 

Sims. 
Stellaria  borealis,  Bigel.,  var.  alpes- 

tris  (Fries),  Gray. 
Cerastium  nutans,  Raf. 

Hypericum  corymbosum,  Muhl. 


Malva  VERTICILLATA,  L. 
Tilia  INTERMEDIA,  Hayne. 
Linum  HUMILE,  Mill. 
Geranium  maculatum,  L. 

Geum  Virginiamim,  L. 
Crataegus  tomentosa,  L. 

Ribes  NIGRUM,  L. 

Epilobium    alpinum,     Gray,    Man., 
5th  ed. 


Tunk  Mt.,—  on  mainland  (F.  M.  Day)  ; 

beyond  our  limits. 

Northeast  Harbor  (Dunbar) ;  doubtful. 
Mountain  Pond ;  more  correctly  to  be 

referred  to  the  type. 
Bear  Island  (Redfield)  ;=  type. 

(F.  M.  Day).  The  specimen  is  C.  vul- 
gatum,  L. 

Roadside  between  Somesville  and 
Southwest  Harbor  (Dunbar) ;  never 
verified. 

Waste  ground,  Long  Pond  (Rand) ; 
not  persistent,  only  casual. 

Somesville  (Redfield);  only  in  culti- 
vation. 

Southwest  Harbor  (Rand).  The  speci- 
men is  L.  usitatissimum,  L. 

Several  times  reported,  but  never  veri- 
fied. Probably  confused  with  G. 
Carolinianum,  L. 

In  fruit;  Somesville  (Rand).  Flow- 
ering specimens  from  same  station 
show  this  to  be  G.  stnctum,  Ait. 

Reported  by  various  collectors,  but  is 
undoubtedly  C.  coccinea,  L.  var. 
macracantha  (Lodd.),  Dudley. 

Somesville  (R.  &  R.).  The  specimens 
are  R.  Jloridum,  L'Her. 

Newport  Mt.  (F.  M.  Day);  never 
verified. 


278 

Angelica  atropurpurea,  L. 

Cryptotaenia  Canadensis,  DC. 


APPENDIX. 


Little    Cranberry    Isle    (Wakefield) ; 

never  verified. 
Southwest  Harbor  (Wakefield) ;  never 

verified. 

Conium  MACULATUM,  L.  Never  verified. 

Solidago  humilis,  Pursh.,  var.  micro-    Frenchman    Camp    road    (Redfield) ; 
cephala,  Porter.  only  a  pecular  form  of  S.  nemoralis, 

Ait.  (Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club.,  xx.  210.) 

Solidago  puberula,  Nutt.,  var.  monti-    This  is  S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  var.  monticola, 
cola,  Porter.  Porter.     (Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  xx. 

209.) 

Solidago  speciosa,  Nutt.  Roadside  between  Seal  Cove  and  Nor- 

wood Cove  (Wakefield) ;  never  veri- 
fied.   Probably  S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  var. 
Randii,  Porter. 
Solidago  odora,  Ait.  Several    times    reported,    but    never 

verified. 

Solidago  juncea,  Ait.,  var.  ramosa,    This  is  S.  puberula,  Nutt.,  forma. 
Porter  &  Britt. 

This  is  S.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  glabrata, 

Porter. 
A  garden  escape,  Southwest  Harbor; 

not  persistent. 

Near  Bubble  Pond  (Redfield).  This 
is  undoubtedly  a  small  form  of 
A.  macrophyllus,  L. 

Roadside  near  Fernald  Point  (Wake- 
field)  ;  never  verified. 
Shore,  Mt.  Desert  Narrows  (R.  &  R.). 
The  specimens  are  Artemisia   Stel- 
leriana,  Bess. 
Cranberry    Isles   (Harriet    A.  Hill); 

never  verified. 
Sutton    Island    (Wakefield);     never 

verified. 

Often  reported,  but  never  verified 
All  specimens  examined  are  P.  ser- 
pentaria,  Pursh. 

Northeast  Harbor;  Hulls  Cove  (Cur- 
tis). This  is  doubtless  V.  Canadense, 
Kalm. 

Hulls  Cove  (Annie  S.  Downs) ;  never 
verified. 


Solidago  rupestris,  Raf. 
Callistephus  CHINENSIS,  DC. 
Aster  Herveyi,  Gray. 

Erigeron  annuus  (L.),  Pers. 
Senecio  CINERARIA,  DC. 

Cnicus  pumilus  (Nutt.),  Torr. 
Lampsana  COMMUNIS,  L. 
Prenanthes  alba,  L. 

Vaccinium  vacillans,  Solander. 
Anagallis  ARVENSIS,  L. 


Fraxinus  pubescens,  Lam. 
Convolvulus  ARVENSJS,  L. 


Never  verified. 

Schooner  Head  (F.  M.  Day) ;  never 
verified. 


APPENDIX. 


279 


Limosella  aquatica,  L.,  var.   tenui- 

folia  (Nutt.),  Hoffm. 
Veronica  LONGIFOLIA,  L. 


Euphrasia    officinalis,  L.,  var.  Ta- 

tarica,  Beuth. 
Utricularia  biflora,  Lam. 

Mentha  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  glabrata, 

Benth. 
Flantago   major,  L.,  var.  minima, 

(DC.),  Decsne. 

Atriplex  arenaria,  Nutt. 
Polygonum  erectum,  L. 
Polygonum  maritimum,  L. 

Polygonum  hydropiperoides,  MX. 

Polygonum  arifolium,  L. 

Polygonum     dumetorum,    L.,    var. 

scandens,  Gray. 
Humulus  Lupulus,  L. 

TJrtica  DIOICA,  L. 
Alnus  serrulata,  Willd. 

Quercus  coccinea,  Wang. 
Pinus  Banksiana,  Lamb. 


Juniperus  communis,  L.,  var.  alpina, 

Gaud. 
Liparis  liliifolia  (L.),  Richard. 


Aplectrum  hiemale,  Nutt. 


Shore,  Mt.  Desert  Narrows  (F.  M. 
Day) ;  never  verified. 

Sea  Wall  road,  Southwest  Harbor 
(Rand).  A  garden  escape;  not 
persistent. 

Sea  WaU  (Rand).  This  is  some  other 
form  of  the  protean  type. 

Somes  Pond  (Rand).  The  specimen 
is  U.  gibba,  L.  See  note  ante,  under 
that  species. 

Somesville  (Rand).  The  specimens 
are  M.  arvensis,  L.,  forma. 

Near  Little  Harbor;  Great  Head  (Red- 
field).  Specimens  prove  to  be  some 
other  form  of  the  type. 

Sea  WaU  (H.  C.  Jones)  ;  —  Somes 
Sound  (Redfield)  ;  never  verified. 

Beach,  Wasgatt  Cove  (Lane) ;  never 
verified,  —  doubtless  P.  Ran,  Bab. 

Reported  from  various  stations  (Eliza- 
beth G.  Britton,  and  others).  Speci- 
mens are  P.  Ran,  Bab. 

Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Rand);  —  Seal 
Harbor  (Redfield)  ;  too  doubtful,— 
never  verified. 

Bar  Harbor  (F.  M.  Day) ;  too  doubt- 
ful, —  never  verified. 

Reported  by  various  collectors,  but  all 
specimens  are  P.  Convolvulus,  L. 

Seal  Harbor  (Redfield) ;  — Bar  Harbor 
(W.  H.  Manning)  ;  introduced  ; 
hardly  an  escape. 

Sea  Wall  (H.  C.  Jones) ;  never  veri- 
fied, —  doubtless  U.  gracilis,  Ait. 

Near  Hadlock  Upper  Pond  (Rand) ; 
too  doubtful,  —  never  verified. 

All  specimens  are  Q.  rubra,  L. 

Only  on  and  about  Schoodic  Peninsula 
(F.  M.  Day,  Rand,  Redfield) ;  beyond 
our  limits. 

Mt.  Desert  forms  so  far  as  seen  are 
rather  to  be  referred  to  the  type. 

Accredited  to  Mt.  Desert  in  Baldwin's 
"Orchids  of  New  England,"  but 
never  verified. 

Reported  from  near  Bar  Harbor,  1882 
(F.  M.  Day),  but  never  verified. 


280 


APPENDIX. 


Spiranthes  latifolia,  Torr. 

Orchis  spectabilis,  L. 
Habenaria  psycodes  (L.),  Gray. 

Iris  prismatica,  Pursh. 

Sisyrinchium  anceps,  Cav. 

Uvularia  perfoliata,  L. 
Trillium  erectum,  L. 
Xyris  flexuosa,  Muhl. 

Xyris  Caroliniana,  Walt. 
Luznla  spicata,  Desv. 
Carex  pubescens,  Muhl. 

Carex  adusta,  Boott,  var.  glomerata, 

Bailey. 
Muhlenbergia  sylvatica,  T.  &  G. 

Avena  SATIVA,  L. 
Foa  alsodes,  Gray. 

Puccinellia  distans  (Wahl.),  Parl. 


Agropyrum    dasystachyum    (Gray), 
Vasey. 

Adiantum  pedatam,  L. 
Woodwardia  Virginica,  Smith. 

Cystopteris  bulbifera,  Bernh. 


Near  Bass  Harbor  (W.  H.  Dunbar) ; 

never  verified,  —  doubtless   S.   Ro- 

manzoffiana,  Cham. 
Southwest  Harbor  (H.  M.  Pratt) ;  never 

verified. 
No  station   (W.   H.   Dunbar) ;  never 

verified,  but  doubtless  a  small  form 

of  H.fanbrlata  (Ait.),  R.  Br. 
Great  Cranberry  Isle  ( W.  H.  Dunbar) ; 

never  verified. 
"Mt.    Desert"    (F.   M.    Day).     The 

specimen  is  apparently  an  immature 

plant  of  S.  angustifolium,  Mill. 
Salisbury  Cove  (Rand) ;  never  verified, 

—  doubtless  an  error. 
Green  Mt.  Gorge  (F.  M.  Day) ;  never 

verified. 
Hadlock  Lower  Pond  ( W.  H.  Dunbar) ; 

never  verified,  —  doubtless  only  var. 

pusilla,  Gray,  which  has  been  found 

at  the  same  station. 
Breakneck  Ponds  (R.  H.  Day);  =  ^. 

flexuosa,  Muhl.,  var.  pusilla,  Gray. 
Northeast  Harbor  (Greenleaf) ;  never 

verified. 
"Mt.    Desert"    (F.   M.  Day).     The 

specimen  is  C.  communis,  Bailey. 
Northeast  Harbor  (Greenleaf).      This 

is  C.fcenea,  Willd. 
Northeast    Harbor  (Greenleaf).    The 

specimen  is  M.  glomerata,  Trin. 
Occasionally  appearing ;  not  persistent. 
Little  Cranberry  Isle  (Lane) ;  — North- 
east Harbor  (Greenleaf).    The  speci- 
mens are  P.  serotina,  Ehrh. 
Northeast  Harbor  (Greenleaf );  =  P. 

maritima    (Wahl.),    Parl.,  var.    (?) 

minor,  Wats. 
No  station  (Greenleaf) ;  never  verified. 

Doubtless  a  form  of  A.  repens  (L.), 

Beauv. 

Often  reported,  but  never  verified. 
Banks  of  Hadlock  Brook  (Wakefield) ; 

never  verified. 
Sargent  Mt.  Gorge  (Rand)  ;  an  error, 


INDEX. 


GENERA  AND  COMMON  NAMES. 


[SYNONYMS  IN  ITALICS.] 


Abies 

149 

Arbor-Vitae 

150 

Bearberry 

125 

Acer 

89 

Arbutus,  Trailing 

126 

Bedstraw 

108 

Achillea 

118 

Arctium 

120 

Beech 

145 

Acolium 

272 

Arctostaphylos 

125 

Beechdrops 

134 

Acorus 

160 

Arenaria 

83 

Beggar  Ticks 

118 

Actsea 

76 

Arethusa 

152 

Bellflower 

124 

Adder's  Mouth 

150 

Arisaema 

159 

Bellwort 

156 

Adder's  Tongue 

188 

Arnoseris 

120 

Berberis 

77 

Adiantum 

280 

Arrowhead 

160 

Betula 

144 

Agarum 

236 

Arrow-wood 

107 

Biatora 

268 

Agrimonia 

97 

Artemisia 

119 

Bidens 

118 

Agrimony 

97 

Arthonia 

271 

Bindweed 

131 

Agropyrum 

182,  280 

Arum,  Water 

160 

Black 

142 

Agrostis 

177 

Ascocyclus 

240 

Birch 

144 

Ahnfeldtia 

232 

Ascophyllum 

235 

Bittersweet 

131 

Alaria 

236 

Ash 

129 

Blackberry 

94 

Alder 

144 

Mountain 

98 

Black-eyed  Susan 

117 

Black 

88 

Asparagus 

155 

Bladderwort 

134 

White 

127 

Aspen 

147 

Blepharostoma 

221 

Alectoria 

253 

Asperococcus 

239 

Blinks 

85 

Alnus 

144,  279 

Aspidium 

185 

Elite,  Sea 

140 

Alopecurus 

177 

Asplenium 

184 

Bluebell 

124 

Alsike 

91 

Aster 

113,  278 

Blueberry 

124 

Amaranth 

139 

Astrophyllum 

208 

Bluebottle 

120 

Amarantus 

139 

Atrichum 

209 

Blue  Joint 

178 

Ambrosia 

117 

Atriplex 

140,  279 

Bluets 

108 

Amelanchier 

99 

Atropis 

181 

Boneset 

109 

Ampelopsis 

89 

Aulacomnium 

209 

Botrychium 

187 

Amphicarpaea 

93 

Avena 

280 

Brachyelytrum 

176 

Amphoridium 

205 

Avens 

95 

Brake     ' 

184 

Anagallis 

278 

Azalea 

126 

Brasenia 

77 

Anaphalis 

117 

Brassica 

79 

Andresea 

199 

Bachelor's  Button 

120 

Brier,  Sweet 

97 

Andromeda 

126 

Basomyces 

267 

Bromus 

182 

Anemone 
Star 

75 

128 

Baked  Apple  Berry 
Balm  of  Gilead 

94 

148 

Broom-rape 
Brunella 

134 
137 

Aneura 

225 

Balsam 

88 

Bryum 

207 

Angelica 

278 

Balsam  Apple,  Wild 

103 

Buckbean 

130 

Antennaria 

117 

Baneberry 

76 

Buckwheat 

142 

Anthemis 
Anthoxanthum 

118 
176 

Bangia 
Barbarea 

234 
79 

Buda 
Buellia 

84 
269 

Antithamnion 

230 

Barberry 

77 

Bugleweed 

136 

Aphyllon 

134 

Barbula 

204 

Bugloss 

130 

Aplectrum 

279 

Barley 

183 

Bulbocoleon 

244 

Apocynum 

129 

Bartonia 

130 

Bunchberry 

106 

Apple 

98 

Bartramia 

207 

Burdock 

120 

Apple  of  Peru 

131 

Batrachospermum 

233 

Bur  Marigold 

118 

Aquilegia 

76 

Bayberry 

143 

Bur-reed 

159 

Aralia 

106    Bazzania 

220    Butter-and-Eggs 

132 

282 


INDEX. 


Buttercup 

75 

Cleavers 

109 

Dicksonia 

186 

Butter  weed 

116 

Clematis 

75,277 

Dicranella 

200 

Clethra 

127 

Dicranum 

201 

Cabbage,  Skunk 

160 

Climacium 

213 

Dictyosiphon 

239 

Cakile 

80 

Clintonia 

156 

Diervilla 

108 

Calamagrostis 

178 

Clover 

90 

Diphyscium 

211 

Calicium 
Calla 

272 
160 

Club-moss 
Cnicus 

188 
120,  278 

Diplophyllum 
Ditrichum 

222 
204 

Calla  Lily,  Wild 

160 

Cockle 

82 

Dock 

140 

Callistephus 

278 

Codiolum 

242 

Dodder 

131 

Callithamnion 

230 

Ccelopleurum 

105 

Dogbane 

129 

Callitriche 

101 

Collema 

260 

Dogwood 

106 

Calopogon 

152 

Coltsfoot,  Sweet 

119 

Doorweed 

141 

Calothrix 

246 

Columbine 

76 

Drosera 

100 

Campanula 

124 

Comptonia 

143 

Dulichium 

162 

Campion 

82 

Cone  Flower 

117 

Dulse 

232 

White 

82 

Conferva 

244 

Dusty  Miller,  False 

119 

Capsella 

79 

Conioselinum 

104 

Capsosiphon 

245 

Conium 

278 

Echinocystis 

103 

Caraway 

105 

Conocephalus 

226 

Ectocarpus 

240 

Cardamine 

78 

Conotrema 

264 

Elachistea 

238 

Cardinal  Flower 

123 

Convolvulus 

131,  278 

Elatine 

86 

Carex 

165,  280 

Coptis 

76 

Elder 

107 

Carpet  Weed 

104 

Coral-root 

151 

Eleocharis 

162 

Carrot 

104 

Corallina 

228 

Elm 

143 

Carum 

105 

Corallorhiza 

151 

Elodes 

87 

Cassandra 

126 

Corema 

148 

Elymus 

183 

Castagnea 

238 

Cornel 

106 

Empetrum 

148 

Catchfly 

82 

Cornus 

•       106 

Endocarpon 

273 

Catharinea 

209 

Corydalis 

77 

Enteromorpha 

245 

Catnip 

137 

Corylus 

144 

Entodon 

212 

Cedar,  White 
Centaurea 

150 
120 

Cow  Herb 
Cow-lily 

82 

77 

Epigaea 
Epilobium 

126 
102,  277 

Cephalozia 

221 

Cranberry 

124 

Epiphegus 

134 

Ceramium 

230 

Mountain 

125 

Equisetuiu 

184 

Cerastium 

84,277 

Crataegus 

98,  277 

Erechtites 

120 

Ceratodon 

203 

Cress,  Bitter 

78 

Erigeron 

116,  278 

Cetraria 

251 

Marsh 

79 

Eriocaulon 

162 

Chaetomorpha 

243 

Water 

79 

Eriophorum 

164 

Chamomile 

118 

Winter 

79 

Erythronium 

156 

Chantransia 

233 

Crowberry 

148 

Eupatorium 

109 

Charlock 

79 

Broom 

148 

Euphorbia 

142 

Jointed 

80 

Crowfoot 

75 

Euphrasia 

133,  279 

Checkerberry 
Cheeses 

126 

87 

Cryptotsenia                       278 
Cucumber-root,  Indian      156 

Euthora 
Everlasting 

232 
117 

Chelone 

132 

Cudweed 

117 

Pearly 

117 

Chenopodium 

140 

Currant 

99 

Sweet 

117 

Cherry 

93 

Cuscuta 

131 

Evernia 

252 

Chickweed 

83 

Cynodontium 

200 

Eyebright 

133 

Field 

84 

Cypripedium 

153 

Indian 

104 

Cystoclonium 

232 

Fagopyrum 

142 

Mouse-ear 

84 

Cystopteris 

186,  280 

Fagus 

145 

Chicory 

121 

Fern,  Beech 

185 

Chiloscyphus 
Chimaphila 

223 
127 

Dactylis 
Daisy,  Ox-eye 

179 
119 

Bladder 
Christmas 

186 

186 

Chiogenes 

125 

Yellow 

117 

Cinnamon 

187 

Chokeberry 

98 

Dalibarda 

95 

Flowering 

187 

Chondrus 

232 

Dandelion 

122 

Lady 

184 

Chorda 

237 

Fall 

121 

Sensitive 

186 

Chordaria 

237 

Danthonia 

179 

Shield 

185 

Choreocolax 

233 

Daucus 

104 

Sweet 

143 

Christmas  G-reen,  Trailing  189 

Decodon 

102 

Festuca 

181 

Chroococcus 

249 

Delesseria 

231 

Fir 

149 

C  hrysanthemum 

119 

Dermocarpa 

249 

Fireweed 

102,  120 

C  hry  sosplenium 

99 

Deschampsia 

178 

Fissidens 

203 

Cichorium 

121 

Desmarestia 

238 

Five-finger 

96 

Cicuta 

105 

Desmodium 

92 

Flag,  Blue 

154 

Cinna 

178 

Desmotrichum 

239 

Cat-tail 

159 

Cinquefoil 

96 

Devil's  Apron 

236 

Sweet 

160 

Circaea 

103 

Devil's  Pitchfork 

118 

Flax 

87 

Cladium 

165 

Dewberry 

95 

Toad 

132 

Cladonia 

265 

Dianthus 

82 

Fleabane 

116 

Cladophora 

242 

Dichelyma 

211 

Daisy 

116 

INDEX. 


283 


Floating  Heart 
Foutinalis 

130 
211 

Grass,  Witch 
Wood  Reed 

182 

178 

Juniper 
Juniperus 

150 
150,  279 

Fossombronia 

225 

Yellow-eyed 

157 

Fragaria 

96 

Graveyard  Flower 

142 

Kalmia 

126 

Fraxinus 

129,  278 

Grimmia 

204 

Kantia 

222 

Frullania 

220 

Groundsel 

119 

Knotweed 

141 

Fucus 

235 

Gyalecta 

264 

Fumaria 

78 

Labrador  Tea 

127 

Fumitory 

78 

Habenaria 

153,280 

Lactuca 

122 

Fuuaria 

206 

Hackmatack 

149 

Ladies'  Delight 

81 

Halosaccion 

235 

Ladies'  Tresses 

151 

Gale,  Sweet 

143 

Hamamelis 

101 

Lady's  Slipper 

153 

Galeopsis 

138 

Hardback 

94 

Lady's  Thumb 

142 

Galium 

108 

Harebell 

124 

Lambkill 

126 

Gaultheria 

126 

Hawkweed 

121 

Laminaria 

236 

Gaylussacia 

124 

Hawthorn 

98 

Lampsana 

278 

Geocalyx 

223 

Hazel-nut 

144 

Larch 

149 

Georgia 

206 

Hazel,  Witch 

101 

Larix 

149 

Geranium 

88,277 

Heart's-ease 

81 

Lathyrus 

93 

Germander 

135 

Hedeoma 

137 

Laurel,  American 

126 

Geum 

95,277 

Hedwigia 

205 

Pale 

126 

Gigartina 
Gill-over-the-Ground 

232 
137 

Helianthus 
Hemerocallia 

118 
154 

Sheep 
Lavender,  Sea 

126 

128 

Glaux 

129 

Hemlock 

149 

Leather-leaf 

126 

Gloeocapsa 

249 

Ground 

150 

Leathesia 

238 

Gloeosiphonia 

229 

Water 

105 

Lecanora 

262 

Glyceria 

180 

Heppia 

259 

Lechea 

80 

Gnaphalium 

117 

Heracleum 

104 

Lecidea 

269 

Gold  Buttons 

119 

Herb  Robert 

88 

Ledum 

127 

Golden  Rod 

109 

Heterothecium 

269 

Leersia 

175 

Goldthread 

76 

Hieracium 

121 

Lemanea 

234 

Gomontia 

242 

Hierochloe 

176 

Leontodon 

121 

Goodyera 

152 

Hildenbrandtia 

235 

Leonurus 

138 

Gooseberry 
Graphis 

99 
270 

Hippuris 
Hobble  Bush 

101 
107 

Lepidium 
Lepidozia 

80 
221 

Grass,  Arrow 

161 

Holly 

88 

Leptobryum 

207 

Barn-yard 

175 

Mountain 

89 

Leptogium 

261 

Bent 

177 

Honeysuckle 

108 

Leptotrichum 

204 

Black 

158 

Bush 

108 

Leskea 

212 

Blue-eyed 
Bristly  Foxtail 

154 
175 

Fly 
Hop  Clover 

108 
91 

Lettuce 
Sea 

122 
246 

Brome 

182 

Hordeum 

183 

Leucobryum 

203 

Cat's-tail 

177 

Horehound,  Water 

136 

Leucodon 

212 

Cotton 

164 

Horseradish 

79 

Ligusticum 

105 

Cut 

175 

Horsetail 

184 

Lilac 

129 

Ditch 

162 

Horseweed 

116 

Lilium 

156 

Drop-seed 

176,  177 

Houstonia 

108 

Lily 

156 

Eel 

162 

Huckleberry 

124 

Day 

154 

Feather 

176 

Hudsonia 

80 

Lily  of  the  Valley, 

Wild    156 

Fescue 

181 

Humulus 

279 

Limnanthemum 

130 

Foxtail 

175,  177 

Hydrocotyle 

105 

Limosella 

279 

Hair 

178 

Hyella 

249 

Linaria 

132 

Herd's 

177 

Hypericum 

86,  277 

Linmea 

107 

Kentucky  Blue 

179 

Hypnum 

213 

Linum 

87,  277 

Lyme 

183 

Liparis 

150,  279 

Manna 

180 

Ilex 

88 

Listera 

151 

Marsh 

174 

Ilysanthes 

132 

Lithophyllum 

228 

Meadow 

179 

Impatiens 

88 

Lithothamnion 

'228 

Mist 

177 

Indian  Cucumber-ro 

ot       156 

Live-forever 

100 

Orange 

87 

Indian  Pipe 

128 

Liverworts 

219,  226 

Orchard 

179 

Innocents 

108 

Lobelia 

123 

Panic 

174 

Iris 

154,280 

Locust-tree 

92 

Quitch 

182 

Isoetes 

189 

Lonicera 

108 

Rattlesnake 

180 

Ivy,  Ground 

137 

Loosestrife 

128 

Reed  Bent 

178 

Poison 

90 

False 

102 

Salt  Rush 

174 

Swamp 

102 

Sea  Spear 

181 

Jack-in-the-Pulpit 

159 

Lophocolea 

223 

Spear 

179 

Jewel  Weed 

88 

Lousewort 

134 

Squirrel-tail 

183 

Job's  Tears 

180 

Lovage 

105 

Sweet 
Sweet  Vernal 

176 
176 

Joe-Pye  Weed 
Jubula 

109 
220 

Ludwigia 
Lungwort 

102 
130 

Wild  Oat 

179 

Juncus 

157 

Sea 

130 

Wire 

179 

Jungermannia 

223 

Luzula 

158,  280 

284 


INDEX. 


Lychnis 

82 

Neckera 

212 

Picea 

149 

Lycopodium 

188 

Nemalion 

233 

Pickerel-weed 

157 

Lycopsis 

130 

Nemopanthes 

89 

Pigweed 

140 

Lycopus 

136 

Nepeta 

137 

Amaranth 

137 

Lyngbya 

247 

Nephroma 

258 

Pilophorus 

265 

Lysimachia 

128 

Nettle 

143 

Pimpernel,  False 

132 

Hedge 

138 

Pine 

149 

Madotheca 

220 

Hemp 

138 

Ground 

188 

Maianthemum 

155 

Nicandra 

131 

Pinesap 

128 

Mallow 

87 

Nightshade 

131 

Pine  Weed 

87 

Malva 

87,  277 

Enchanter's 

103 

Pink 

82 

Maple 

89 

Nitella 

227 

Swamp 

152 

Marchantia 

226 

Nuphar 

77 

Pinus 

149,  279 

Mare's  Tail 

101 

Nymphaea                       77, 

277 

Pinweed 

80 

Marsupella 

225 

Pipe,  Indian 

128 

Mastigobryum 
Maetigocoleus 
Mayflower 
Mayweed 
Meadow  Beauty 
Meadow  Rue 
Meadow  Sweet 
Medeola 
Medicago 
Medick 

220 
247 
126 
118 
102 
75 
94 
156 
92 
92 

Oak 
Oakesia 
(Enothera 
Omphalaria 
Oncophorus 
Onoclea 
Opegrapha 
Ophioglossum 
Orache 

144 
156 
103 

260 
200 
186 

140 

Pipewort 
Pipsissewa 
Pitcher-plant 
Placodium 
Plagiochila 
Plantago 
Plantain 
Rattlesnake 
Platygyrium 
Plumaria 

162 
127 
77 
261 
223 
138,  279 
138 
152 
212 
230 

Melampyrum 
Melilotus 
Melilot 
Melobesia 
Mentha 
Menyanthes 
Mermaid  Weed 

134 
91 
91 

229 
136,  279 
130 
101 

Purple-fringed 
Orpine 
Orthotrichum 
Oryzopsis 
Oscillatoria 
Osmunda 

153 

100 
206 
176 

248 
187 

OO 

Poa 
Pogonatum 
Pogonia 
Pohlia 
Polycystis 
Polygala 
Polygonatum 

179,  280 
209 
152 
207 
249 
90 
155 

Mertensia 
Microcoleus 

130 
247 

oo 

Polygonum 
Polyides 

141,  279 

229 

Microstylis 

150 

Pallavicinia 

225 

Polypodium 

184 

Milfoil,  Water 

101 

Panicularia 

180 

Polypody 

184 

Milkwort 

90 

Panicum 

174 

Polysiphonia 

231 

Sea 

129 

Pannaria 

260 

Polytrichum 

210 

Millet 

175 

Pansy 

81 

Pond-lily,  Yellow 

77 

Mint 

136 

Parietaria 

143 

Pondweed 

161 

Mitchella 

108 

Parmelia 

254 

Pontederia 

157 

Mitella 

99 

Parsley,  Hemlock 

104 

Poplar 

147 

Mitrewort 

99 

Parsnip 

104 

Populus 

147 

Mnium 

208 

Cow 

104 

Porella 

220 

Mollugo 
Moneses 

104 
127 

Water 
Partridge  Berry 

105 

108 

Porphyra 
Portulaca 

234 

85 

Monostroma 

246 

Pastinaca 

104 

Potamogeton 

161 

Monotropa 

128 

Pea,  Beach 

93 

Potentilla 

96 

Montia 

85 

Everlasting 

93 

Prenanthes 

122,  278 

Moonwort 
Morning  Glory,  Wild 
Moss,  Club 

187 
131 

188 

Field 
Marsh 
Peanut,  Hog 

93 
93 
93 

Primrose,  Evening 
Prince's  Pine 
Proserpinaca 

103 
127 
101 

Irish 

232 

Pearlwort 

84 

Protococcus 

241 

Peat 

191 

Pear,  Sugar 

99 

Prunus 

93 

Mosses,  Scale 

220 

Pedicularis 

134 

Pteris 

184 

Motherwort 

138 

Pellia 

225 

Ptilidium 

220 

Mouse-ears 

117 

Pellitory 

143 

Ptilota 

230 

Mugwort 
Muhlenbergia 

119 
176,  280 

Peltigera 
Pennyroyal,  American 

259 
137 

Puccinellia 
Punctaria 

181,  280 
239 

Mullein 

131 

Pennywort,  Water 

105 

Purslane 

85 

Mustard,  Black 

79 

Pepperbush,  Sweet 

127 

Water 

102 

Hedge 
Mylia 

79 
223 

Peppergrass 
Pepper,  Water 

80 
142 

Pursley 
Pylaiella 

85 
241 

Myrica 

143 

Pertusaria 

264 

Pylaisia 

212 

Myrionema 

238 

Petasites 

119 

Pyrenula 

274 

Myriophyllum 

101 

Petrocelis 

229 

Pyrola 

127 

Myurella 

212 

Peyssonnelia 

229 

One-flowered 

127 

Phegopteris 

185 

Pyrus 

98 

Nabalus 

122 

Philonotis 

207 

Pyxine 

257 

Naiad 

162 

Phleum 

177 

Naias 

162 

Phormidium 

248 

Quaker  Ladies 

108 

Nardia 

225 

Phyllitis 

239 

Quercus 

144,  279 

Nasturtium 

79 

Physcia 

256    Quillwort 

189 

INDEX. 


285 


Racomitrium                     204 

Scutellaria                         137 

Sticta                                 258 

Radish                                    80 

Scytosiphou                        239 

Stigonema                           247 

Ragweed                              117 

Sedge                                  165 

Stipa                                   176 

Ragwort,  Golden               119 

Sedum                                  100 

St.  John's-wort                    86 

Ralfsia                                237 

&6lci£in6ll£k                           189 

Marsh                              87 

Ramalina                            250 

Self-heal                              137 

Stonecrop                           100 

Ranunculus                  75,  277 

Senecio                         119,  278 

Strawberry                            96 

Raphanus                               80 

Setaria                                175 

Streptopus                          155 

Raspberry                              94 

Shadbush                              99 

Suseda                                 140 

Rattlesnake-root                 122 

Shepherd's  Purse                 79 

Succory,  Lamb's                 120 

Rattle,  Yellow                     133 

Shinleaf                                127 

Sumach                                 90 

Red-top                               178 

Side-saddle  Flower              77 

Sundew                                 100 

False                            179 

Silene                                    82 

Sunflower                             118 

Rhexia                                102 

Silver  Weed                         96 

Sweet  Brier                          97 

Rhinanthus                          133 

Sisymbrium                          79 

Sweet  Gale                          143 

Rhizoclonium                      243 

Sisyrinchium               154,  280 

Symplocarpua                     160 

Rhodochorton                     230 

Slum                                   105 

Syringa                                129 

Rhododendron                    126 

Skullcap                              137 

Rhodomela                         231 

Smilacina                            155 

Tamarack                           149 

Rhodora                               126 

Snails                                    92 

Tauacetum                          119 

Rhodymenia                        232 

Snake-head                         132 

Tansy                                    119 

Rhus                                       90 

Snakeroot,  Black                106 

Taraxacum                          122 

Rhynchospora                    165 

Sneezewort                          118 

Tare                                      92 

Ribes                              99,  277 

Snowberry,  Creeping         125 

Taxus                                  150 

Ribgrass                              138 

Solanum                               131 

Tear-thumb                        142 

Rice,  Mountain                   176 

Solidago                        109,  278 

Tetranema                          244 

Rinodina                              263 

Solomon's  Seal                   155 

Tetraphis                            206 

Rivularia                            247 

Dwarf                           155 

Teucrium                            135 

Robinia                                  92 

False                            155 

Thalictrum                           75 

Rocket,  Sea                          80 

Solorina                              259 

Theloschistes                      254 

Yellow                           79 

Sonchus                                123 

Thelotrema                         264 

Rockweed                           235 

Sorrel                                    140 

Thistle                                 120 

Rosa                                      97 

Field                            141 

Sow                               123 

Rose                                      97 

Wood                             88 

Star                              120 

Rose-bay                             126 

Sparganium                        159 

Thorn 

Rosemary,  Marsh               128 
Roseroot                             100 

Spartina                               174 
Spatter  Dock                    •    77 

Thoroughwort                    109 
Thuja                                   150 

Rubus                                   94 

Spearmint                           136 

Thyme                                 136 

Rudbeckia                          117 

Spearwort,  Creeping           76 

Thymus                                136 

Rumex                                  140 

Specularia                           123 

Tick  Trefoil                          92 

Ruppia                                162 
Rush                                   157 

Speedwell                            132 
Spergula                               85 

Tilia                                    277 
Timothy                              177 

Beak                            165 

Spergularia                         84 

Toad  Flax                           132 

Club                             163 

Sphacelaria                         240 

Tobacco,  Indian                 123 

Scouring                      184 

Sphcenosiphon                    249 

Ladies'                         117 

Spike                            162 
Twig                             165 

Sphcerocephalus                 209 
Sphcerophoron                   272 

Touch-me-not,  Spotted       88 
Trefoil                                   90 

Wood                           158 

Sphaerophorus                    272 

Tick                               92 

Rye,  Wild                           183 

Sphagnum                            191 

Trematodon                        200 

Spikenard                           106 

Trentepohlia                      233 

Saccorhiza                          236 

False                            155 

Trichocolea                          220 

Sage,  Wood                        135 

Spinach                               139 

Trientalis                            128 

Sagina                                     84 

Spinacia                              139 

Trifolium                               90 

Sagittaria                            160 
Salicornia                            140 

Spiraea                                   94 
Spiranthes                   151,  280 

Triglochin                           161 
Trillium                       156,  280 

Salix                                      145 
Salsola                                  140 

Spirogyra                            241 
Spirulina                             248 

Trisetum                             179 

Triticum                             182 

Saltwort                              140 

Splachnum                           206 

Tsuga                                  149 

Sambucus                           107 

Spleenwort 

Tumbleweed                       139 

Samphire                              140 

Sporobolus                          177 

Tuomeya                             234 

Sandwort                               83 

Spruce                                  149 

Turnip                                  79 

Sanicula                               106 

Spurge                                  142 

Indian                          159 

Saponaria 

Spurrey                                  85 

Turtle-head                         132 

Sarracenia                              77 

Corn                               85 

Tway-blade                  150,  151 

Sarsaparilla,  Wild              106 

Sand                               84 

Twin  Flower                       107 

Satureia                              136 

Stachys                               138 

Twisted  Stalk                     155 

Savory                                  136 

Star-flower                           128 

Typha                                  159 

Saxifraga                                99 

Starwort                                 83 

Saxifrage                                99 

Water                           101 

Ulmus                                 143 

Golden                           99 

Statice                                 128 

Ulota                                   205 

Scapania                               222 

Steetzia                               225 

Ulothrix                              244 

Scheuchzeria                       161 

Stellaria                        83,  277 

Ulva                                    246 

Scirpus                                163 

Stereocaulon                      265 

Umbilicaria                       257 

286 


INDEX. 


Urceolaria 

264 

Virginian  Creeper 

89 

Wintergreen,  Cre 

sping      126 

Urtica 

143,279 

Virgin's  Bower 

75 

Witch  Hazel 

101 

(Jsnea 

252 

Withe-rod 

107 

Utricularia 

134,279 

Wake  Robin 

156 

Woodbine 

89 

Uvularia 

156,  280 

Water-lily 

77 

Woodsia 

186 

Water  Shield 

77 

Woodwardia 

280 

Vaccinium 

124,  278 

Waterwort 

86 

Wormwood 

119 

Vaucheria 

241 

Webera 

207 

Woundwort 

138 

Venus's  Looking-glass       123 
Verbascum                          131 
Veronica                      132,  279 
Verrucaria                          273 

Webera 
Weissia 
Wheat,  Cow 
False 

211 

205 
134 

182 

Xylographa 
Xyris 

270 
157,  280 

Vetch 

92 

White-weed 

119 

Viburnum 

107 

Willow 

145 

Yarrow 

118 

Vicia 

92 

Willow  Herb 

102 

Yellow  Rattle 

133 

Viola 

80 

Wind-flower 

75 

Yew 

150 

Violet 

80 

Wintercrreen 

127 

Dog-tooth 

156           Aromatic 

126 

Zostera 

162 

